Energy Conversion and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Review of restoration technology for renewable-dominated electric power systems","authors":"Changming Chen,&nbsp;Hongle Liang,&nbsp;Xingli Zhai,&nbsp;Jinai Zhang,&nbsp;Shengyuan Liu,&nbsp;Zhenzhi Lin,&nbsp;Li Yang","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12064","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid development of renewable energy generation and multi-energy system technologies, reviewing and discussing the emerging power system restoration methods and key technologies suitable for renewable-dominated electric power systems and the Energy Internet are important. Based on this, the backgrounds of renewable-dominated electric power systems and the Energy Internet are first introduced here. Subsequently, the power system restoration process is divided into three phases: the black-start, network reconfiguration, and the load restoration phases; relative restoration strategy research on these three phases is reviewed. Moreover, the boundaries between these three phases are occasionally not sufficiently apparent or even cross in most cases owing to the severity of blackouts and other various factors. Therefore, the key technologies for power system restoration considering multiple phases are analysed in detail. Moreover, the major gaps between existing research and real-world applications and the outlooks on the restoration technologies under renewable-dominated electric power systems are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 5","pages":"287-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86442460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second harmonic voltage injection-based self impedance estimation for effective decoupled droop control in a microgrid","authors":"Muli Malakondaiah,&nbsp;Kalyan Kumar Boddeti,&nbsp;Bonu Ramesh Naidu,&nbsp;Prabodh Bajpai","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12065","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In an islanded microgrid (IMG), droop control effectively shares real and reactive power demands among distributed generators (DGs), thereby regulating the frequency and voltage in high <i>X</i>/<i>R</i> ratio networks. However, there is a strong coupling between the real power voltage and reactive power frequency in medium- and low-voltage microgrids due to the low <i>X</i>/<i>R</i> ratio. For effective droop control, the coupling between the real power voltage and reactive power frequency should be eliminated through decoupling factors. Existing methods in the literature on decoupled droop control do not consider the effect of changing network conditions. This study proposes a decoupling method for improved power sharing among parallel-operated inverter-based DGs. Each DG injects a second-harmonic voltage, based on which a second-harmonic self-impedance is calculated at the DG terminal. With certain assumptions, the fundamental self-impedance is computed and used to determine the decoupling factors. The proposed method was implemented on two test cases and compared with existing droop methods. In comparison, the power-sharing ratio is close to the actual value of the proposed method. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed method improves power-sharing accuracy despite varying the load and network topology.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 4","pages":"227-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83175878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy router interconnection system: A solution for new distribution network architecture toward future carbon neutrality","authors":"Bin Liu,&nbsp;Bingzhao Zhu,&nbsp;Ziyou Guan,&nbsp;Chengxiong Mao,&nbsp;Dan Wang","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12062","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Under the background of carbon neutrality, distribution networks are facing many new challenges, including providing higher power supply reliability and power quality, additional power supply forms, and better information sharing. The traditional distribution network has difficulty coping with these challenges; thus, it is imperative to transform the traditional distribution network architecture. An energy router (ER) is a type of intelligent power electronic device, and has the potential to play a great role in the transformation of the distribution network. This paper proposes the basic architecture of an ER interconnection system (ERIS), where multiple ERs are gathered together to play a stronger role. Aiming for two different stages of the transformation process of the distribution network, two types of ERISs are employed for a single prosumer and multiple prosumers, respectively. The equivalent modelling, main control strategies, and energy management schemes of the two types of ERIS are respectively illustrated. Several ERIS simulation cases are investigated, and the results verify the advantages and satisfactory performance of the ERIS. The proposed ERIS provides an effective solution for building a new distribution network to adapt to the new challenges in a future carbon neutral era.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 4","pages":"181-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89103306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of third-order harmonic current in transformerless MMC","authors":"Ankit Yadav,&nbsp;Sri Niwas Singh,&nbsp;Shyama Prasad Das","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12066","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high voltage DC (HVDC) system can be effectively used for bulk power transmission. The MMC topology for the voltage source converter (VSC) has several advantages. In this work, the transformerless operation of MMC is explored. The internal dynamic of MMC can induce a third-order zero-sequence harmonic current. Its effect on the system is analysed, including the adverse impacts on energy requirement per arm and power transfer capability. The internal dynamic equations of the transformerless MMC configuration are derived, and two different controllers: the proportional-resonant (PR) controller and proportional-integral (PI) controller, were applied to suppress the unwanted third-order current. The performance analysis of these controllers is presented and the results indicate that the controllers efficiently suppress the third-order harmonic current. Moreover, the electromagnetic transient (EMT) models of MMC under different configurations have been developed on the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) platform. An analysis of internal variables of the MMC is also included to ensure that the controller does not adversely affect the system. Lastly, the state-space model is developed, and the stability is analysed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 4","pages":"244-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82459637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitating DER participation in wholesale electricity market through TSO-DSO coordination","authors":"Megha Gupta,&nbsp;Shri Ram Vaishya,&nbsp;Abhijit R. Abhyankar","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12063","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a novel coordinated market scheme is proposed, enabling the participation of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the wholesale as well as local energy market (LEM). First, a day-ahead energy market framework is proposed that is operated by a distribution system operator (DSO) in coordination with the transmission system operator (TSO). The DERs present in a distribution system have the freedom to select among the local or wholesale electricity markets (WEM) to offer their energy. The DSO aggregates all DERs' services and power demand to represent them in a WEM operated at the transmission level. The proposed model allows the DSO to select more economical ways of allocating the resources utilising the TSO-DSO coordination strategy. The objective is to maximise social welfare in light of network constraints. Furthermore, a practical method is developed for DSOs to redistribute any monetary surplus among different DERs participating in the WEM. Numerical simulations indicate the proposed model's economic effectiveness compared to the scenario where DERs are allocated only at the local market level.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 4","pages":"201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81860143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient distributed algorithm for economic dispatch considering communication asynchrony and time delays","authors":"Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Guo Chen,&nbsp;Huaqing Li","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12061","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) to power grids has fostered the emergence of advanced control technologies for energy management. This study focuses on distributed solutions to economic dispatch considering asynchrony and non-ideal communications. A distributed consensus-based algorithm is developed for general directed networks, where heavy-ball momentum is incorporated into the algorithm design to accelerate convergency. Subsequently, an asynchronous version is proposed based on a general asynchronous communication model with unpredictable, non-uniform, and bounded time delays. Without a global clock in conventional synchronous distributed algorithms, distributed generators (DGs) are allowed to exchange information through local communications at any moment and use out-sync information to execute new updates. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and verify its robustness against time delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 4","pages":"214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85092094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of transactive energy systems with demand response: A cyber-physical-social system perspective","authors":"Jianpei Han,&nbsp;Nian Liu,&nbsp;Chenghong Gu","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12058","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, a new type of energy system, transactive energy systems (TES), has emerged. This study investigates the challenges of optimally operating a TES distribution system with demand response (DR) from the cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) perspective. A TES optimization framework that integrates artificial systems, computational experiments, and parallel energy theory for modelling DR, via parallel system theory, is introduced. A data-driven artificial DR system is created and modelled using limited data. In the computational experiment, a complete information Stackelberg game model for the distribution network operator and the artificial DR system is built. This simulates the response relationship between the distribution network operator and the electricity consumer under different price conditions. In the parallel energy optimization model, a multi-time scale energy optimization method which considers day-ahead and intraday scenarios, the interaction between the actual TES and the artificial DR system is shown. Finally, empirical data from the Henan province in China is used as a case study to verify the effectiveness of the optimization method proposed in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 3","pages":"142-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78245083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shunt compensation for mitigation of harmonics, voltage sags, and flickers using new STATCOM control scheme","authors":"Mohammed Redha Qader","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12047","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Voltage sags flickers, and harmonics are major problems associated with power quality and are of concern to power companies and consumers. Therefore, efforts to improve power quality have increased. This study explores the dynamic performance of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), which is used to mitigate voltage sags, flickers, and harmonics using a novel control method. Further, the ability of the STATCOM system to alleviate issues related to power quality while, in addition, improving the transmission/distribution system performance concerning all disturbances and errors related to the system is validated. The methodology of this research adopts MATLAB/SIMULINK to perform the requested simulations, which were analysed accordingly. The results show an improvement in the system performance between 40% and 80%, demonstrating the ability of the newly designed controller for a STATCOM to alleviate voltage sags, flickers, and harmonics.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 3","pages":"170-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83784781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning, operation, and trading mechanisms of transactive energy systems in the context of carbon neutrality","authors":"Dan Wang,&nbsp;Yue Zhou,&nbsp;Nian Liu,&nbsp;Meysam Qadrdan,&nbsp;Rohit Bhakar,&nbsp;Sahban Alnaser","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12060","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the context of carbon neutrality, the penetration ratio of renewable energy, flexible load, energy storage, and interactive equipment have been increasing, and the boundary between traditional energy producers and consumers has been getting more blurred. A new type of energy system, namely the transactive energy system (TES), has emerged. The TES uses the value (price) as a guide for market participants in optimizing decisions, realizing centralized/distributed coordination of large-scale energy systems, and developing these systems to improve energy efficiency, thus, reducing carbon emissions and improving the economy. However, the deep coupling between energy trading and physical energy flow complicates the planning, operation optimization, trading, and interaction of traditional energy systems. Based on the abovementioned background, this special issue, which focuses on the planning, operation, and trading mechanism of TES, has received considerable attention from the research community. The four papers selected for publication in this issue are briefly introduced below.</p><p>In the article “Towards transactive energy: An analysis of information-related practical issues”, Chen et al. classified existing transactive energy market mechanisms according to the potential market structure and communication networks. Three potential practical problems related to information were proposed: asynchronous computing, real reporting, and privacy protection. Each practical problem was analyzed in detail through investigation and related research. Distributed algorithms for constrained optimizations, such as flexible and asynchronous alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), can help solve the problem of asynchronous computing. Mechanism design methods based on the principal-agent framework and Myerson's Lemma can provide some insights into the issue of real reporting. Two main approaches to addressing the challenge of privacy protection are homomorphic encryption and differential privacy. Based on these findings, several potential research directions were proposed to provide some insights for future research.</p><p>In the article ‘Optimization of transactive energy systems with demand response: A cyber-physical-social system perspective’, Han et al. focused on the distribution system and analyzed the challenges of TES in optimal operation of demand response (DR) in the context of cyber-physical-social system. An optimized framework of TES, which integrates artificial systems, computational experiments, and parallel energy optimization for DR modelling, was proposed. A data-driven artificial DR system was constructed based on limited data. A complete information on the Stackelberg game model that describes the relationship between distribution network operators and an artificial DR system was established to simulate the response relationship between distribution network operators and power users under different price incentives. In parallel ","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 3","pages":"109-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83160787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning of renewable energy bids based on energy risk management: Enhanced microgrids with pareto-optimal profits for the utility and prosumers","authors":"Vivek Mohan,&nbsp;Anjula Mary Antonis,&nbsp;Jisma M.,&nbsp;Nila Krishnakumar,&nbsp;Siqi Bu","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12059","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs) demands the building of a microgrid energy portfolio that is cost-effective and robust against generation uncertainties (energy risk). Energy risk may trigger financial risk in the local energy market, depending on bid values, cost of generation and price of upstream grid power. In this study, a microgrid energy portfolio is built based on adjustments to both the financial and energy risks. These risks are managed in two ways: (1) by pre-tuning and prioritizing the bid prices for wind and solar energy sources based on their relative levels of energy risk as quantified through a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) approach; and (2) by co-optimizing the conflicting profits of the utility and prosumers using non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization (NSPSO) to obtain a risk-adjusted Pareto-optimal energy mix. Thus, the utility predicts the net power balancing cost from the scheduling time horizon, thereby moderating the adverse effect that the uncertainties in renewable energy could have on the collective welfare. The proposed method is tested on a grid-connected CIGRE low-voltage (LV) benchmark microgrid with solar and wind sources, microturbines, and EVs. The results demonstrate that the obtained portfolio is realistic, welfare-optimized and cost-efficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 3","pages":"156-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75576054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}