Energy Conversion and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative study on distributed generation trading mechanisms in the UK and China","authors":"Yunting Yao, Ciwei Gao, Shiyao Li, Yue Zhou, Dan Wang, Meng Song","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12056","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12056","url":null,"abstract":"The market penetration of distributed generation (DG), particularly for that from renewables, has significantly increased in recent years. This trend will continue with the low-carbon transition of electric power systems, as a part of global efforts to combat climate change. Appropriate trading mechanisms are of great importance for incentivizing the investment in and coordinated operation of DG. The UK and China both have ambitious decarbonization agendas with particular emphasis on the electricity market design. Nevertheless, the UK and China have distinguishing features in electricity market design, particularly in the trading mechanisms for DG. This paper presents a thorough review of DG trading policies and arrangements in both countries, including market structures, connection classifications, economic benefits and practical issues. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, and threats-political, economical, social and technological (SWOT-PEST) model features of the mechanisms in both countries were qualitatively identified and compared. A quantitative comparison was conducted between the trading arrangements in the UK and China, with the economic benefits analysed and the implications revealed. Finally, the directions for developing and improving DG trading mechanisms were suggested based on the comparative analysis. The practical experiences of the UK and China can be extended to other countries across the globe.","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 3","pages":"122-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79238831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards transactive energy: An analysis of information-related practical issues","authors":"Yue Chen,&nbsp;Yu Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Xu","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12057","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of distributed energy resources, such as rooftop photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, and electric vehicles (EVs), has decentralized the power system operation, where transactive energy markets empower local energy exchanges. Transactive energy contributes to building a low-carbon energy system by better matching the distributed renewable sources and demand. Effective market mechanisms are a key part of transactive energy market design. Despite fruitful research on related topics, some practical challenges must be addressed. This review surveys three practical issues related to information exchange in transactive energy markets: asynchronous computing, truthful reporting, and privacy preservation. The state-of-the-art results are summarized and relevant multidisciplinary theories are introduced. Based on these findings, several potential research directions are suggested that could provide insights for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 3","pages":"112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85070180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fed-NILM: A federated learning-based non-intrusive load monitoring method for privacy-protection","authors":"Haijin Wang,&nbsp;Caomingzhe Si,&nbsp;Guolong Liu,&nbsp;Junhua Zhao,&nbsp;Fushuan Wen,&nbsp;Yusheng Xue","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12055","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is essential for understanding consumer power consumption patterns and may have wide applications such as in carbon emission reduction and energy conservation. Determining NILM models requires massive load data containing different types of appliances. However, inadequate load data and the risk of power consumer privacy breaches may be encountered by local data owners when determining the NILM model. To address these problems, a novel NILM method based on federated learning (FL) called Fed-NILM is proposed. In Fed-NILM, instead of local load data, local model parameters are shared among multiple data owners. The global NILM model is obtained by averaging the parameters with the appropriate weights. Experiments based on two measured load datasets are performed to explore the generalization capability of Fed-NILM. In addition, a comparison of Fed-NILM with locally trained NILM models and the centrally trained NILM model is conducted. Experimental results show that the Fed-NILM exhibits superior performance in terms of scalability and convergence. Fed-NILM out performs locally trained NILM models operated by local data owners and approaches the centrally trained NILM model, which is trained on the entire load dataset without privacy protection. The proposed Fed-NILM significantly improves the co-modelling capabilities of local data owners while protecting the privacy of power consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 2","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75870439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an online condition monitoring based system for the partial demagnetization fault diagnosis of SPM-type BLDC motor","authors":"Adil Usman,&nbsp;Bharat Singh Rajpurohit","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12054","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates partial demagnetization faults arising from stator interturn faults in a surface-mounted permanent-magnet-type brushless direct current motor. Because of rotor demagnetization, the fault severity increases significantly owing to an increase in the stator phase current and temperature. The effect of such a fault is reflected in machine parameters such as the motor back-EMF and radial magnetic flux, which are used to analyse the characteristics of faults. A mathematical model of a machine under possible fault conditions is developed using the finite element method and advanced hybrid model approaches. Experimental investigations are conducted to validate the proposed methodology. Subsequently, the machine parameters used for fault diagnosis are employed to develop an online expert-based system that can detect, classify and estimate the percent increase in the values of the parameters to determine the fault severity of the machine under fault conditions. It is discovered that the proposed approach is suitable for industrial and commercial applications in electric vehicles, where the machine's state-of-health estimation is crucial for avoiding major faults that may result in its failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 2","pages":"72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89433284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal third harmonic injection based nearest level control of large-scale solar photovoltaic multilevel converter","authors":"Shivam Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Nidhi Mishra,&nbsp;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12053","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a new control approach with an optimal third harmonic injection-based nearest level modulation (OTHI-NLM) technique for a large-scale solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. This system uses a single-source multilevel converter to feed solar power into the grid. The merits of the optimal third harmonic injection (OTHI) and nearest level modulation (NLM) are considered for switching the SPV converter. A unique analysis to have an adaptive optimal injection with varying solar irradiance is conducted and compared with the well-known carrier-based high-frequency switching technique. The variations of harmonics for OTHI-NLM, an optimal third harmonic pulse width modulation (OTHI-PWM), and a constant third harmonic injection method are analysed at different irradiance levels. This optimal injection provides benefits such as enhanced DC bus utilization (DBU), better harmonics performance at different solar irradiance levels. The detailed methodology of the OTHI algorithm, nearest level modulation (NLM) technique with an optimal quotient calculation, and an instantaneous optimal third harmonic injection (THI) in closed-loop are presented. The comparative analysis shows the effectiveness of the SPV grid-tied structure over well-known ones. The power quality of the renewable energy system is investigated in dynamic solar irradiations. Moreover, simulation results are presented and validated in a real-time test bench.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 2","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76599868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed control strategy for transactive energy prosumers in real-time markets","authors":"Chen Yin,&nbsp;Ran Ding,&nbsp;Haixiang Xu,&nbsp;Gengyin Li,&nbsp;Xiupeng Chen,&nbsp;Ming Zhou","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12050","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) has led to increasing research interest in the cooperative control of multi-prosumers in a transactive energy (TE) paradigm. While the existing literature shows that TE offers significant grid flexibility and economic benefits, few studies have addressed the incorporation of security constraints in TE. Herein, a market-based control mechanism in real-time markets is proposed to economically coordinate the TE among prosumers while ensuring secure system operation. Considering the dynamic characteristics of batteries and responsive demands, a model predictive control (MPC) method is used to handle the constraints between different time intervals and incorporate the following generation and consumption predictions. Owing to the computational burden and individual privacy issues, an efficient distributed algorithm is developed to solve the optimal power flow problem. The strong coupling between prosumers through power networks is removed by introducing auxiliary variables to acquire locational marginal prices (LMPs) covering energy, congestion, and loss components. Case studies based on the IEEE 33-bus system demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method and model.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75059447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal reactive power planning using oppositional grey wolf optimization by considering bus vulnerability analysis","authors":"Rohit Babu,&nbsp;Saurav Raj,&nbsp;Bishwajit Dey,&nbsp;Biplab Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12048","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Power system instability primarily results from the deviation of the frequency from its predefined rated value. This deviation causes voltage collapse, which further leads to sudden blackouts of the power system network. It is often triggered by a lack of reactive capacity. The solution to the reactive capacity problem can be obtained in two stages. In the first stage, the vulnerable buses, also known as ‘weak buses’, where voltage failure might occur are identified, and the Var compensating devices are mounted at those locations. The proposed approach utilizes three simple vulnerable bus detection methods: the fast voltage stability index, line stability index, and voltage collapse proximity index (VCPI). In the second stage, various optimization algorithms are implemented to determine the optimal setting of Var sources, such as particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, the whale optimization algorithm, the grasshopper optimization algorithm, the salp swarm algorithm, grey wolf optimization, and oppositional grey wolf optimization (OGWO). The results indicate that the best approach to poor bus recognition is the VCPI, and the OGWO technique provides a much less expensive system than other optimization strategies used for problems of optimal reactive power planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 1","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77071038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet-of-Things technology and applications for clean energy systems","authors":"Kai Strunz,&nbsp;Xuanyuan Wang,&nbsp;Qinglai Guo,&nbsp;Le Xie,&nbsp;Song Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Fang,&nbsp;Jianxiao Wang","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12052","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enc2.12052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a critical technology for clean and sustainable energy transition, Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming increasingly popular for its use in extending connectivity into multiple energy resources. Based on the heterogeneous networking integration of devices, IoT has the potential of achieve seamless management of various facilities, thus enabling real-time optimisation of supply chains and dynamic response to energy system dispatch. In addition, IoT can help improve the visibility and controllability of distributed energy resources and leverage flexible loads via extensive connections among numerous devices. This special issue has received wide attention from the research community. The five papers selected for publication in this issue are briefly introduced as follows.</p><p>In ‘Architecture and function analysis of integrated energy service stations considering cyber–physical integration’, Liu et al. proposed integrated energy service stations (IESSs), which comprise substations, integrated multi-energy conversion stations, data centres, communication base stations and other functional units. Two feasible schemes were then designed to realise the construction of IESSs, including entity IESSs which require refined planning and construction, and virtual IESSs which involve transformation based on existing substation resources. The motivation and practical implementation for constructing IESSs are discussed. Finally, future research interests regarding IESSs are summarised.</p><p>In ‘A survey on policies, modelling and security of cyber–physical systems in smart grids’, Wang et al. provided an overview of the policy drivers for and barriers to the implementation of cyber–physical systems (CPSs). With the widespread deployment of behind-the-metre distributed energy resources (DERs), there is an increasing demand to model hardware, software and their interactions in a smart grid environment. This paper reviewed the modelling and applications of an intelligent CPS for a decentralised energy system. The integration of DERs and the supportive infrastructure can cause a modern power system to become more vulnerable to external threats such as terrorist attacks and therefore less reliable as a secure system. The latest progress in CPS implementation was summarised considering critical infrastructure identification and protection as well as risk assessment and methods for mitigating cyber threats and attacks.</p><p>In ‘Strategic PMU placement to alleviate power system vulnerability against cyber attacks’, Khare et al. presented a strategic phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement scheme to reduce cyber vulnerability of power systems to cyber attacks. A multi-stage PMU placement strategy was developed to alleviate power system vulnerability to possible false data injection attacks, where forward dynamic programming was used to distribute the capital cost of PMUs over a certain period. \"The authors also proposed an index to quantify the vulnerability of","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"2 4","pages":"183-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88944478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid clustering-based bad data detection of PMU measurements","authors":"Yanming Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Xu,&nbsp;Zheng Yan","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/enc2.12049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have been widely deployed in power grids, while the bad PMU data problem threatens power system monitoring and control. This paper first gives the objective of the bad PMU data detection and gives an illustrative bad data instance. Then, the time-series PMU data of neighbouring buses are cast as a two-dimensional diagram, of which the spatio-temporal correlation analysis is performed to design the normal and outlier data detection problem. Three clustering methods, including linear regression, density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), and Gaussian mixture models (GMM) are ensembled for bad PMU data detection. Moreover, the statistical analysis and bound modification of data clustering are developed to further improve the detection accuracy. Finally, the procedure of the two-stage bad PMU data detection is given, which consists of ensemble learning and modification. The proposed hybrid clustering-based bad data detection is unsupervised and is applied to online bad PMU data detection with a short computation time. Visible and numerical case study results validate the outperformance of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"2 4","pages":"235-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137506895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faulted-phase identification scheme for series-compensated transmission lines during the power swing","authors":"Mohammed Hussien Hassan Musa","doi":"10.1049/enc2.12045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/enc2.12045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To perform a fast faulted-phase selection under the power swing in a series compensated line with a thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) is an extreme challenge facing the transmission line protection schemes. Thus, this paper proposes a new scheme for recognizing the faulted-phase in TCSC-compensated transmission lines during the power swing. Primarily, the fault feature is extracted by using a modified Interclass correlation coefficient. The scheme utilizes the system-current samples during the fault period and system-current samples during the health state as two variables for obtaining the modified interclass correlation coefficient. Then a cumulative approach is used to enlarge the fault feature. The proposed scheme has been subjected to a wide variety of tests through different faults circumstances under different compensation levels. The experimental results have shown good performance against the high impedance/resistance fault under different TCSC-compensation levels during the power swing. Also, the results showed a distinction in terms of time response due to its simple computation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":100467,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Economics","volume":"3 2","pages":"94-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enc2.12045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137509111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}