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The CO2 emission Gini index and the environmental efficiency: An analysis for 60 leading world economies 二氧化碳排放基尼系数与环境效率:对60个世界主要经济体的分析
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2017.06.001
Thiago Costa Soares , Elaine Aparecida Fernandes , Silvia Harumi Toyoshima
{"title":"The CO2 emission Gini index and the environmental efficiency: An analysis for 60 leading world economies","authors":"Thiago Costa Soares ,&nbsp;Elaine Aparecida Fernandes ,&nbsp;Silvia Harumi Toyoshima","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to analyze the CO<sub>2</sub> emission Gini index and the environmental efficiency for 60 leading world economies, in 2010. We consider the technological heterogeneity dividing the sample into similar groups, and estimating environmental efficiency indicators into metafrontier and group frontiers. Despite the fact that pollution concentration is more prominent in developed countries, the results showed that this group is more efficient. On the other hand, lower-income group, and medium-technology countries present the worst indicators. We could conclude that the inefficiency observed in developed countries group was attributed to mismanagement, while in the developing countries group the inefficiency could be related to technological differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 266-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2017.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73949501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Elected in a close race: Mayor’s characteristics and local public finances 在势均力敌的竞选中当选:市长的特点和地方公共财政
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.005
Fabiana Rocha , Veronica Ines Fernandez Orellano , Karina Bugarin
{"title":"Elected in a close race: Mayor’s characteristics and local public finances","authors":"Fabiana Rocha ,&nbsp;Veronica Ines Fernandez Orellano ,&nbsp;Karina Bugarin","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of mayor’s characteristics (education, experience and gender) on fiscal indicators of Brazilian municipalities. We use regression discontinuity and the outcomes of close elections to identify causal effects for 2000, 2004 and 2008. We find evidence that experienced and educated mayors choose to devote a smaller fraction of the budget to current and personnel expenditures, and so they seem to be concerned with the quality of public finances. Moreover, educated mayors are better in negotiating discretionary transfers. Unfortunately, the results indicate that women and men elected in close races are different regarding education, and therefore we were not able to evaluate the effect of gender on fiscal indicators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 149-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86193059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The “São Paulo Mystery”: The role of the criminal organization PCC in reducing the homicide in 2000s “<s:1>圣保罗之谜”:犯罪组织PCC在2000年代减少杀人案中的作用
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2018.02.003
Marcelo Justus , Daniel Ricardo de Castro Cerqueira , Tulio Kahn , Gustavo Carvalho Moreira
{"title":"The “São Paulo Mystery”: The role of the criminal organization PCC in reducing the homicide in 2000s","authors":"Marcelo Justus ,&nbsp;Daniel Ricardo de Castro Cerqueira ,&nbsp;Tulio Kahn ,&nbsp;Gustavo Carvalho Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We move forward in identifying the causes of the marked and systematic reduction in the homicide rate in São Paulo state in the 2000s. Its main objective was that of investigating the role of the criminal organization PCC in this process. We constructed a first-difference fixed effects model with a spatial structure where we controlled for various socioeconomic and demographic measures and for the presence of firearms and law-enforcement, among other measures. Our results do not support the PCC hypothesis at the level of the state of São Paulo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 201-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2018.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84038898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Brazil’s Simplified Tax Regime and the longevity of Brazilian manufacturing companies: A survival analysis based on RAIS microdata 巴西的简化税制和巴西制造企业的寿命:基于RAIS微数据的生存分析
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.003
Otavio Canozzi Conceição, Maurício Vitorino Saraiva, Adelar Fochezatto, Marco Tulio Aniceto França
{"title":"Brazil’s Simplified Tax Regime and the longevity of Brazilian manufacturing companies: A survival analysis based on RAIS microdata","authors":"Otavio Canozzi Conceição,&nbsp;Maurício Vitorino Saraiva,&nbsp;Adelar Fochezatto,&nbsp;Marco Tulio Aniceto França","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article aims to analyze the effects of the Brazilian Simplified Tax Regime (<em>Simples Nacional</em>) on the longevity of manufacturing microenterprises, contributing to the current debate on the expansion of the program. Based on the RAIS (<em>Relação Anual de Informações Sociais</em>) microdata comprising the period between 2007–2013, a sample of manufacturing establishments, homogeneous in their economic structure, was selected and divided into two groups — those who opted for the program and those who did not. The Survival Analysis technique and the Propensity Score Matching made it possible to identify that the establishments opting for <em>Simples Nacional</em> that were created in 2007 had a 30% lower chance of mortality than the companies not opting for it. Another main result was the indication that separating manufacturing establishments by level of technology-intensiveness the Simplified Regime had a differentiated impact among the groups, with only the manufacturing establishments of low and medium-low technology-intensiveness sectors being affected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 164-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76613327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Labor pooling as an agglomeration factor: Evidence from the Brazilian Northeast in the 2002–2014 period 劳动力集聚作为集聚因素:2002-2014年巴西东北地区的证据
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2018.02.002
Edilberto Tiago de Almeida , Roberta de Moraes Rocha
{"title":"Labor pooling as an agglomeration factor: Evidence from the Brazilian Northeast in the 2002–2014 period","authors":"Edilberto Tiago de Almeida ,&nbsp;Roberta de Moraes Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is a pioneering study of Brazil of the importance of labor pooling to explain industrial agglomeration in the Northeast of Brazil, employing firm-level microdata. We applied the theoretical model proposed by Krugman (1991) (labor market pooling model) with the adaptations by Overman and Puga (2010) to examine how firms react to shocks in the labor market that influence their productivity. For this purpose, we applied regression models in which we regressed the Ellison and Glaeser (1997) index as a function of a proxy for labor pooling, to capture exogenous shocks in the labor market while controlling for observed sector characteristics that vary in time and sector fixed effects. The results are consistent with a reduction in the level of industrial concentration in the period from 2002 to 2014. For labor pooling, as predicted, the role of the labor pooling variable is positive and significant.Thus, industries where, on average, plants face more idiosyncratic shocks relative to their industry are more spatially concentrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 236-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2018.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74202221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
The relations between graduate programs in economics in Brazil: A structural equivalence analysis 巴西经济学研究生课程之间的关系:一个结构等价分析
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2018.03.001
Andrea Cabello
{"title":"The relations between graduate programs in economics in Brazil: A structural equivalence analysis","authors":"Andrea Cabello","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We analyze the educational background of Economics Professors in Brazilian Economics Graduate Programs, in terms of PhD affiliations. Using a method of structural equivalence, we propose three groups among institutions that granted PhD degrees to Brazilian Economics Professors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 278-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2018.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74662056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The possibility of a water market in Brazil 巴西水市场的可能性
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2018.03.002
Francis C. Petterini
{"title":"The possibility of a water market in Brazil","authors":"Francis C. Petterini","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper examines the possibility of a water market in Brazil. The US market, probably the oldest and most well-documented one, is initially analyzed. In the American West, over the past 140 years the so-called “water rights” can be sold or rented. However, mainly due to high transaction costs, only recently the trading became regular. Analyzing the Brazilian case, it is clear that the country does not have the problem of water availability that the American West has. On the other hand, the Brazil has a precarious infrastructure. To implement a water market, the first step would be to allow the trade of the grantings of right to the use of water. It is argued that this would be an opportunity to force users to invest in water infrastructure. Thus, a model is built to study the conditions under which the market would lead to a Pareto superior situation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 187-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2018.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77843138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Price convergence, reversal speed and purchasing power parity: Stylized facts for Brazilian cities 价格趋同、逆转速度和购买力平价:巴西城市的风格化事实
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2018.01.001
Elano Ferreira Arruda , Ivan Castelar , Daniel Barboza Guimarães , Rafael Barros Barbosa
{"title":"Price convergence, reversal speed and purchasing power parity: Stylized facts for Brazilian cities","authors":"Elano Ferreira Arruda ,&nbsp;Ivan Castelar ,&nbsp;Daniel Barboza Guimarães ,&nbsp;Rafael Barros Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2018.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the price dynamics of Brazilian cities between 1995 and 2012 to identify stylized facts about price convergence, the reversal speed of deviations between relative prices and purchasing power parity (PPP). There is evidence of a strong reduction in the absolute dispersion of prices of Brazilian cities and in the variability of relative prices. The estimated half-life of deviations from PPP reversal proved to be lower than those found for cross country data and American cities. The results also indicate that the stationarity of the real exchange rate among the cities is rejected for all the series that presented a reversal speed to deviations from the PPP smaller than the average for each numerarie considered. It is argued that the evidence of price convergence associated with a process of slow reversal speed of deviations from the PPP have influence on the non-rejection of a unit root in the real exchange rate series for some cities, however, this fact does not constitute in itself evidence against the validity of the PPP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 219-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2018.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86818256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The nature and significance of Lionel Robbins’ methodological individualism 莱昂内尔·罗宾斯方法论个人主义的本质和意义
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2017.08.001
Thiago Dumont Oliveira , Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak
{"title":"The nature and significance of Lionel Robbins’ methodological individualism","authors":"Thiago Dumont Oliveira ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lionel Robbins’ definition of economics helped to buttress the centrality that individual choice acquired after the Second World War. This, however, was an unintended consequence of his seminal work. Underlying his definition of economics, a novel approach to methodological individualism is advanced, in which the isolated individual plays the role of a temporary device useful for analysing more complex social phenomena. The paper outlines three types of methodological individualism, and argues that Robbins’ approach cannot be classified under any of them; we thus propose a different category, that of ‘first-step individualism’. Robbins’ rationale for focusing on the isolated individual is not that social phenomena can be reduced to individual behaviour, but rather that this is the best starting point for economics, if it is to progress and be able to deal with more complex phenomena in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 24-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2017.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80160616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Political economy of fiscal deficits in a democracy 民主国家财政赤字的政治经济学
EconomiA Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.002
Eugene Okoi Ifere , Okoiarikpo Benjamin Okoi
{"title":"Political economy of fiscal deficits in a democracy","authors":"Eugene Okoi Ifere ,&nbsp;Okoiarikpo Benjamin Okoi","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies on the impact of political considerations and gimmickry on the fiscal policy process in developing countries have largely been underappreciated and lacking. Therefore, this study set out to investigate how political actions impact fiscal deficits in Nigeria. The study employed descriptive and quantitative techniques using the Herfindahl index-based composition and turnover of the legislative and executive seats per party as well as that controlled by the ruling party. The results showed the prevalence of fiscal illusion among a significant proportion of voters; and that political considerations exert a significant impact on the implementation of fiscal deficits in Nigeria. Budgetary institutions were found to exert an insignificant impact on the fiscal policy process. Revitalization of the country’s budgetary institutions and a reorientation and refocusing of media organizations to ensure objectivity in the reportage of government activities is recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81492922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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