EAU Update Series最新文献

Molecular and Biological Mechanisms of Bone Metastasis 骨转移的分子生物学机制

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.006

Marco G. Cecchini , Antoinette Wetterwald , Gabri van der Pluijm , George N. Thalmann

{"title":"Molecular and Biological Mechanisms of Bone Metastasis","authors":"Marco G. Cecchini , Antoinette Wetterwald , Gabri van der Pluijm , George N. Thalmann","doi":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metastatic disease is the cause of death in the majority of cancer patients. Bone marrow is a preferential site of metastasis in breast and prostate cancer, responsible for the majority of skeletal metastases. Micrometastases are often present in the bone marrow of cancer patients and may progress to overt metastases. The survival of these cells and the development of bone metastases depend on the growth support provided by the bone microenvironment and the ability of cancer cells to adapt to this environment, often mimicking the behaviour and gene expression of cells of the bone and bone marrow environment. Experimental evidence suggests that the growth support provided by the bone microenvironment is active during bone resorption. Increased bone turnover as it occurs with hormonal deprivation, therefore, might be a risk factor for developing bone metastases. Interference with bone turnover, however, offers a novel target for preventive and adjuvant therapies. In this review possible mechanisms and factors involved in the development and progression of bone metastases, as well as the molecular, biological and physiological processes of metastases, especially to the bone, are discussed. Furthermore the role of bisphosphonates in the prevention and treatment of bone metastases is reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100385,"journal":{"name":"EAU Update Series","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89421840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 63

Author Index Volume 3 作者索引第3卷

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1570-9124(05)00055-3

引用次数: 0

The Role of Genetic Instability in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Urothelial Carcinoma 遗传不稳定性在尿路上皮癌发病和进展中的作用

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.003

James W.F. Catto, Freddie C. Hamdy

{"title":"The Role of Genetic Instability in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Urothelial Carcinoma","authors":"James W.F. Catto, Freddie C. Hamdy","doi":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer appears to arise as a series of rate limiting steps, each of which represents the attainment of one cellular capability necessary for uncontrolled growth and invasion. As alterations in gene number or sequence can lead to the development of these cellular capabilities, the regulation of DNA fidelity is a vital homeostatic process. Mechanisms that disrupt DNA regulation lead to genomic instability and occur on two levels affecting either chromosomes (CIN; chromosomal instability) or individual DNA nucleotides (MSI; microsatellite instability).</p><p>We conducted a search of the current literature to evaluate the evidence for the genomic instability in urothelial carcinoma (UC), and discuss the clinical role of the molecular pathways.</p><p>Whilst CIN occurs more frequently in UC than MSI, the MSI molecular pathway is better understood. Distinct patterns of MSI occur in upper and lower urinary tract UC and produce tumours with a distinctive phenotype.</p><p>Investigations into the mechanism of MSI in UC have revealed insights into the global pathogenesis of UC, similarities with other anatomically distant cancers and novel therapeutic strategies. The molecular mechanisms of CIN remain elusive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100385,"journal":{"name":"EAU Update Series","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89081985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Molecular Diagnostics in Prostate Cancer 前列腺癌的分子诊断

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.005

Daphne Hessels , Harry G. Rittenhouse , Jack A. Schalken

引用次数: 9

Novel Experimental Therapeutic Approaches for Prostate Cancer 前列腺癌的新实验治疗方法

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.007

Ilaria T.R. Cavarretta, Zoran Culig, Helmut Klocker, Iris E. Eder

{"title":"Novel Experimental Therapeutic Approaches for Prostate Cancer","authors":"Ilaria T.R. Cavarretta, Zoran Culig, Helmut Klocker, Iris E. Eder","doi":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early detection and aggressive treatment of early prostate cancer resulted in a significant decline of overall mortality rates. However, the treatment of advanced tumor stages still represents a crucial problem. Knowledge on molecular alterations taking place in the development and progression of prostate cancer increased rapidly in the past few years, thanks also to the use of novel techniques that enabled to perform broad gene expression profiling of tumors. This better understanding of the molecular biology of prostate cancer led to the establishment of novel strategies to delay/inhibit tumor progression. This review summarizes some recent therapeutic approaches including the specific blockade of androgen receptor signaling as well as of other intracellular signal transduction pathways such as the EGF signaling pathway, some interesting strategies that aim to promote apoptosis or differentiation, or to inhibit proliferation of prostate tumor cells and some novel studies on drugs which interfere with the vasculature of prostate tumors in order to block their nutritional supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100385,"journal":{"name":"EAU Update Series","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 227-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87879010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

New Insights in Telomerase and Telomeric Proteins and Their Clinical Application to Urological Cancers 端粒酶和端粒蛋白在泌尿系统肿瘤中的临床应用

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.004

Stefania Gelmini , Francesca Malentacchi , Gianluca Giannarini , Cesare Selli , Claudio Orlando

{"title":"New Insights in Telomerase and Telomeric Proteins and Their Clinical Application to Urological Cancers","authors":"Stefania Gelmini , Francesca Malentacchi , Gianluca Giannarini , Cesare Selli , Claudio Orlando","doi":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Telomerase is a ribonucleoproteic enzymatic complex that catalyzes the addition of telomeric repeats to the end of chromosome DNA, thus preventing the loss of telomeric sequences that normally occurs at each cell division. In presence of telomerase activity integrity of chromosome length is maintained, cell replication is not limited, and the cells are practically immortal. Nearly all human cancers have stabilized telomeres and approximately 85% of them have increased telomerase expression. Several studies have evaluated the expression of telomerase assay and concluded that the induction of telomerase activity is a late event associated primarily with invasive cancer and rarely with precursor lesions. The evidence that telomerase expression is not a mere association with tumor development, but represents a contributing factor to carcinogenesis itself comes now from several studies.</p><p>This manuscript reviews the main applications of telomerase detection in urological malignancies, either through the direct measurement of the activity of the enzyme or, indirectly, with the assay of its catalytic subunit hTERT mRNA. The detectability of both these parameters in urine sediment appears an appealing tool in the diagnosis and follow up of urological tumors, especially of bladder carcinoma. The feasibility of anticancer therapy based on telomerase inhibition is also briefly discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100385,"journal":{"name":"EAU Update Series","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75732944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Use of Proteomics in Urological Research 蛋白质组学在泌尿学研究中的应用

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.002

Ishtiaq Rehman , Abdel-Rahmene Azzouzi , James W.F. Catto , Freddie C. Hamdy

{"title":"The Use of Proteomics in Urological Research","authors":"Ishtiaq Rehman , Abdel-Rahmene Azzouzi , James W.F. Catto , Freddie C. Hamdy","doi":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proteomics is the branch of science concerned with understanding the expression, interactions and functions of proteins. Recent technical advances in the separation, analysis and identification of proteins combined with sophisticated bioinformatics, have allowed the technique to be applied to a multitude of diseases, including urological malignancies. Although two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with peptide mass fingerprinting has been the ‘workhorse’ of proteomics, other techniques such as Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionisation Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS), Isotope Coded Affinity Tag (ICAT) and Stable Isotope Labelling by Amino-acids in Culture (SILAC), are amongst the emerging technologies showing great promise. Much of the previous studies into urological malignancies have been fuelled by the urgent need to identify accurate biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of disease. The purpose of this review is to firstly give an overview of the basic concepts of commonly used proteomic techniques and to highlight their advantages and limitations. Secondly, the applications of these techniques to the study of urological malignancies (prostate, bladder and kidney) are reviewed. Finally, the future challenges faced by proteomics are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100385,"journal":{"name":"EAU Update Series","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76933453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Introduction: Molecular Biology for the Urologist 介绍:分子生物学为泌尿科医生

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.09.001

Cesare Selli

引用次数: 0

Complications and Quality of Life Following Urinary Diversion After Cystectomy 膀胱切除术后尿改道的并发症及生活质量

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.07.002

Elmar W. Gerharz , Alexander Roosen , Wiking Månsson

{"title":"Complications and Quality of Life Following Urinary Diversion After Cystectomy","authors":"Elmar W. Gerharz , Alexander Roosen , Wiking Månsson","doi":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective:</h3><p>The aim of this review is to outline specific surgical complications, metabolic consequences and quality of life (QOL) following urinary diversion in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>Based on a comprehensive literature search (MEDLINE) the published knowledge on urinary diversion was examined regarding the research question with an emphasis on contemporary cystectomy series.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>Despite the fact, that urinary diversion is commonplace in these days and the existing literature is rather extensive, the vast majority of assumptions are based on low level evidence (retrospective, single-institutional case series with small sample sizes and short-term followup). There are few randomized trials in this field.</p><p>Early and late surgical complications following radical cystectomy have decreased over the past three decades for both incontinent and continent diversion, but are still significant. While metabolic disturbances are common after continent forms of urinary diversion, the problems can be minimized in most cases. Most reports testify that QOL is high after cystectomy irrespective of type of urinary diversion although urinary and sexual problems are common.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>Careful patient selection, strict adherence to proper surgical technique and appropriate life-long follow-up are of paramount importance in the successful management of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100385,"journal":{"name":"EAU Update Series","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 156-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.euus.2005.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79484137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

The Road to Cystectomy: Who, When and Why? 膀胱切除术之路:谁，何时，为什么?

EAU Update Series Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.euus.2005.07.001

James W.F. Catto, Derek J. Rosario

{"title":"The Road to Cystectomy: Who, When and Why?","authors":"James W.F. Catto, Derek J. Rosario","doi":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euus.2005.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives:</h3><p>Bladder cancer is the fifth most common solid malignancy amongst men in the western world. Around 30% of newly diagnosed patients will eventually die from the disease. Radical treatment with curative intent is the best option for patients with invasive bladder cancer. Cystectomy and urinary diversion represents a time-tested robust approach to treating this disease. Here we review the current indications for cystectomy and staging methods for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).</p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>We conducted a search of the current literature to evaluate the evidence for the indications for cystectomy and the staging of TCC of the urinary bladder.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>Radical cystectomy is usually performed for either invasive or high risk superficial bladder cancer. The outcome is dependent on the pathological stage of tumour at cystectomy. Whilst novel molecular staging methods are in development, current staging is by clinical, pathological and radiological methods. There is a recognised risk of either over- or under- staging the disease using current imaging techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>The indications for radical cystectomy are changing with more emphasis on surgery for high-risk superficial disease. Better stratification of superficial disease has allowed the identification of such high risk cancers. It is likely that advances in molecular diagnosis and staging will come through to clinical practice in the near future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100385,"journal":{"name":"EAU Update Series","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 118-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.euus.2005.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77078290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21