Earthquake Engineering and Resilience最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid simulation method with restoring force correction for structural testing characterized by incomplete boundary conditions","authors":"Shangzhang Wang, Ge Yang, Zhen Wang, Bin Wu, Jiajun Xiao, X. Ning","doi":"10.1002/eer2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer2.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82623055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the art and development trends in numerical simulation for real‐time hybrid simulation","authors":"Xiaohui Dong, Zhenyun Tang, Xiu-li Du","doi":"10.1002/eer2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer2.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75450394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic seismic performance of pylons of a cable-stayed bridge under near-fault and far-fault ground motions","authors":"Wei Xu,&nbsp;Yixian Wang,&nbsp;Jian Zhong","doi":"10.1002/eer2.23","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer2.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pulse-like ground motions significantly influence structural responses, indicating that more consideration should be given to the seismic design of structures in the near-site region. However, less effort focuses on the seismic response of a cable-stayed bridge under near-field pulse-like excitations, and the difference in structural responses caused by near-field pulse-like and far-field ground motions is not fully captured. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of pulse-like ground motions on a cable-stayed bridge, and it presents a comparison of far-field earthquakes. Considering the finite number of recorded ground motions, artificial pulse-like ground motions are adopted in this study. Furthermore, two classical intensity measures (peak ground velocity [PGV] and peak ground acceleration) were used to establish the probabilistic seismic demand model for cable-stayed bridges. Then, fragility curves associated with the pylon of the bridge were compared under the action of different types of excitations, and the damage state of the whole pylon is presented through the median point of the slight damage of the curvature of each pylon section. The results indicate that the bottom section of the pylon is damaged first under different seismic excitations, with the PGV as the index. Moreover, far-fault ground motions have a greater impact on the curvature response of the longitudinal bridge section of the pylon than the near-fault ground motions, so the damage is more serious.</p>","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"1 2","pages":"225-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer2.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79519309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven probabilistic curvature capacity modeling of circular RC columns facilitating seismic fragility analyses of highway bridges","authors":"Xiaowei Wang,&nbsp;Xinzhe Yuan,&nbsp;Ruiwei Feng,&nbsp;You Dong","doi":"10.1002/eer2.14","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer2.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The availability of reliable probabilistic capacity models of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is a cornerstone for high-confidence seismic fragility and risk analyses of highway bridges. Existing studies often perform physics-based pushover or moment–curvature analyses for the capacity modeling of RC columns, which may encounter nonconvergent problems under high levels of nonlinearities in structural material constitutive models and elements, and become computationally inefficient especially when the analysis model contains plenty of cases involving multisource uncertainties. To mitigate the nonconvergent issues as well as release the computational burden of RC column capacity estimates, this study explores the potency of artificial neural network for data-driven probabilistic curvature capacity modeling of circular RC columns, which can facilitate seismic fragility assessment of highway bridges. To this end, a large database is developed by fiber-section-based moment–curvature analyses covering major ranges of concrete and steel strengths, reinforcement ratios, vertical loads, and geometries of RC columns in engineering practices. To obtain an accurate data-driven model, a fivefold cross-validation training and test process is performed to optimize the neural network architecture. The optimized neural network leads to a reliable data-driven model for estimating multilevel curvature capacity indices with percentage errors less than 15%. Finally, a typical highway bridge is taken as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the developed data-driven capacity model for the expediency of seismic fragility analysis. For ease of implementation, the database and associated codes are available at https://bit.ly/3A1dh1V.</p>","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"1 2","pages":"211-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer2.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76503317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-fault ground motion effects on pounding and unseating using an example of a three-span, simply supported bridge","authors":"Leila Khakzand,&nbsp;Reza S. Jalali,&nbsp;Milad Veisi","doi":"10.1002/eer2.9","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer2.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A simple model of a three-span, simply supported bridge consisting of three rigid decks supported by two axially rigid piers and rigid abutments at two ends is analyzed by solving the dynamic differential equations. The response spectrum method is not considered, and it is assumed that there is no soil–structure interaction. The bridge is acted upon by the acceleration of gravity, <i>g</i>, and excited by differential horizontal-, vertical-, and point- and cord-rocking components of near-fault ground motion. The model's in-plane linear response shows that the vertical and rocking ground-motion components have no noticeable effect on the maximum pounding force between bridge segments when computed for horizontal ground motion only. For the model with system periods longer than 1 s subjected to the strong motion pulse corresponding to magnitude <i>M</i> = 7, the vertical ground-motion component contributes to the destabilizing effect of the gravity. For bridge periods longer than 0.5 s, the simultaneous action of horizontal and vertical ground-motion components can noticeably increase the minimum gap size required to prevent pounding and the minimum seating length to avoid the unseating of bridge segments when computed for horizontal ground motion only. For system periods shorter than 1 s, the time delay of input ground motion has a significant effect on the minimum gap size to prevent pounding as well as on the minimum seating length to avoid unseating of the deck. The response of the bridge subjected to differential horizontal, vertical, and point-rocking ground-motion components is almost the same as the response under differential horizontal and vertical components of the ground motion. The main contribution to changes in the response, which is computed for horizontal ground motion only, is caused by the vertical and cord rocking of the ground motion. The minimum seating length to avoid the unseating of bridge segments suggested in seismic Iranian Code, No: 463 (Road and railway bridges seismic-resistant design code, 2008), is conservative for pulses with magnitudes <i>M</i> = <i>5</i> and 6, but not conservative for bridge periods longer than about 0.6 s and a near-field pulse with <i>M</i> = 7 magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"1 2","pages":"164-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer2.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73954315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A seismic emergency performance optimization model for infrastructure systems under demand differences: A case study in China","authors":"Zeyu Zhao,&nbsp;Shengjie Pan,&nbsp;Nan Li,&nbsp;Zaishang Li,&nbsp;Chen Zhao,&nbsp;Zhen Xu,&nbsp;Dongping Fang","doi":"10.1002/eer2.22","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer2.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infrastructure systems play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of cities and the well-being of residents after earthquakes. Meanwhile, infrastructure systems are vulnerable to earthquakes and may fail to provide necessary services, highlighting the significant need to improve seismic emergency performance. Nevertheless, the seismic emergency performance of infrastructure systems still lacks effective enhancement strategies and optimization models, which makes it challenging to devise and benchmark appropriate emergency enhancement actions. This study proposes an emergency performance optimization model for infrastructure systems against earthquakes. The model aims at maximizing the effects of resistance actions and short-term recovery actions on infrastructure systems with consideration of residents' expectations of infrastructure performance after earthquakes. The efficacy of the proposed model is tested by a case study in China. Experiments and results illustrate advantages of the seismic emergency performance optimization and prioritize resistance and short-term recovery activities within constraints set by available resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"1 2","pages":"196-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer2.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81087930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic microzoning of the Delhi metropolitan area, India— I: Seismicity modeling","authors":"Ishwer Datt Gupta,&nbsp;Vincent W. Lee,&nbsp;Mihailo D. Trifunac","doi":"10.1002/eer2.16","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer2.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seismic activity parameters ( and values in a Gutenbdataer–Richter relationship, maximum magnitude , and predominant focal depths ) have been estimated for a grid of square cells of size 0.1° in latitudes and longitudes covering a large region bound by 24°−33°N and 72°−82°E to define input seismicity for microzoning of the Delhi metropolitan area. For this purpose, seven area types of seismic sources are first identified from a detailed seismotectonic evaluation of the region. Two of these sources form part of the Northwestern Himalaya and the remaining five encompass the intraplate area including and surrounding the National Capital Region. The seismic activity parameters are then estimated for each source zone by compiling a comprehensive catalog of 4483 past earthquakes with magnitudes of 2.0 or more covering the 1720–2020 period. All the grid cells in each source are initially assigned the same values of parameters , , and as those for the source zone; whereas parameter has been redefined for each grid cell using the cumulative occurrence rate of earthquakes above the minimum magnitude of completeness for the source zone. To account for possible uncertainties in past earthquake locations, values of the activity parameters thus assigned to all the grid cells in the region are spatially smoothed using an elliptical Gaussian kernel with a major axis along the predominant strike direction for the source zone of each grid cell. The grid cells across the source zone boundaries are also included in the smoothing process to normalize the effects of any subjectivity introduced in defining the source zone boundaries. Our estimations of seismic activity parameters thus obtained can be considered in the development of a robust and physically realistic seismicity model for practical engineering applications, which was made possible by our use of a sufficiently long duration of the earthquake catalog along with complete reporting of data up to magnitudes very close to the expected maximum magnitude in each source zone. We have also estimated the seismic activity parameters for the Hindu Kush subduction zone, which is then idealized by a point source.</p>","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"1 2","pages":"115-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer2.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90872149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic microzoning of the Delhi metropolitan area, India—II: Hazard computation and zoning maps","authors":"Ishwer Datt Gupta,&nbsp;Vincent W. Lee,&nbsp;Mihailo D. Trifunac","doi":"10.1002/eer2.15","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer2.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present seismic microzonation maps of New Delhi, India, using the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) method with input seismic activity parameters estimated in Part-I of this two-part paper. Our calculations required three different attenuation equations for amplitude scaling of strong ground motion from three principal contributing sources: the National Capital Region (NCR), Northwestern Himalaya (NWH), and the Hindu Kush subduction (HKS). We show that uniform hazard spectral (UHS) amplitudes are dominated only by the local seismicity in the NCR at high frequencies beyond about 2 Hz. For intermediate and long periods, UHS amplitudes are dominated by contributions from the NWH and HKS earthquakes. Our results show that specifying strong motion amplitudes for use in engineering design by means of peak ground acceleration can lead to serious errors for buildings higher than four to five stories and hence should not be used. Our results also show that the shape of design spectra must depend on the nature of contributing earthquake sources, their relative activity, potential to create large magnitudes, and geographical placement relative to the site of interest, and thus a standard design-spectrum shape cannot satisfy all these requirements. We use local geological site condition parameters directly in all calculations and present hazard maps for three different soil site conditions (“rock,” stiff soil sites, and deep soil sites). Thus, the user can extract the UHS amplitudes of pseudo relative velocity spectra at any site in the National Capital Territory by experimentally determining the local soil site conditions and then applying the corresponding maps shown in this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"1 2","pages":"138-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer2.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78274531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation","authors":"Qinghua Han","doi":"10.1002/eer2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer2.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"1 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer2.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138083676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword to Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","authors":"Lili Xie","doi":"10.1002/eer2.12","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer2.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100383,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Resilience","volume":"1 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer2.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73601457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}