Dentistry Review最新文献

{"title":"Delayed Diagnosis of Multisuture Craniosynostosis; A Literature Review","authors":"Jessica R. Anderson DMD, Marshall Newman DMD","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>Our department recently had a 5-year-old patient who presented to the Augusta University Emergency Department for vision concerns, only to realize the etiology was a diagnosis of multisuture craniosynostosis. Such delayed diagnosis is a rare occurrence and only minimally cited throughout the literature. This study seeks to review other studies which also document a delayed diagnosis of multi-suture craniosynostosis, and review challenges and clinical manifestations that may be heightened with such a delayed diagnosis and intervention.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>The author will perform a search of literature documenting such delayed cases and clinical findings or changes in clinical management and recommendations that resulted from diagnosis at an advanced age.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>The consequences of delayed recognition and management of craniosynostosis include optic nerve atrophy and irreversible changes that could result in blindness or further neurologic decline secondary to prolonged increased intracranial pressure. The literature generally supports operations performed as soon as possible assuming the safety of the infant to undergo a surgical procedure. In unoperated patients of an advanced age, such as the one that presented to our emergency department, there are many more compounding factors to the indicated surgical treatment including the development of the frontal sinus, thickness of bone, and ability of soft tissue coverage over a large expansion giving much more chance of a postoperative dehiscence. These patients may necessitate staged surgeries to fully address the extent of their clinical presentation.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Craniosynostosis, particularly multisuture synostosis, is a problem that should be recognized, diagnosed, and treated early in childhood to avoid sequelae associated with craniocerebral disproportion. By age 5-7 (the age of presentation of our patient), the cranial vault and orbits normally attain 85-95% of their adult size, and significant gaps in bony reconstruction would not be expected to completely fill in postoperatively.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>The timing of treatment for craniosynostosis in a child is important. When cranial and orbital reconstruction is indicated, it is ideally completed between 8-14 months of age depending on multiple factors. Unless a child shows signs of increased intracranial pressure before this timeline, later reconstruction at 12-14 months of age allows some additional growth to occur prior to surgical intervention potentially allowing for more definitive reconstruction and decreased need for repeat procedures later in childhood. However, the healing potential of patients 6-8 months of age is a significant benefit to earlier reconstruction. As providers who may see children at young ages, we need to be trained to properly assess pediatric patients and know how to identify certain abnormalities that may wa","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772559624000579/pdfft?md5=023fbb600a6c31a646ff27313e561e12&pid=1-s2.0-S2772559624000579-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eruption of Palatally Impacted Canines with a Novel SC Spring","authors":"Harrison Smith,&nbsp;Emily Summers,&nbsp;Weston Fortson DMD","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>A palatal impaction of the maxillary canine is observed in approximately 1-3% of patients and can present a challenge to the orthodontist. There have been many technique articles published about the repositioning of palatally impacted canines; this article proposes a novel technique to facilitate vertical eruption of the canines which can subsequently be moved into the arch with more conventional therapy.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>This technique has been comprehensively documented in 2 patients. Once a palatally impacted canine is diagnosed clinically and with appropriate imaging, the canine is exposed with an open-window style technique. Anteriorly, a gold chain connects the exposed crown to the novel eruption spring, or SC spring. Posteriorly, the SC spring is attached to a Modified Nance through a lingual sheath and is secured with composite at the time of placement. The Modified Nance provides anchorage for forces created by the SC spring, resulting in efficient vertical eruption of the impacted canine. Once vertical eruption is achieved, conventional methods of arch alignment and root positioning are utilized to move the canine into the arch.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>The Modified Nance and SC Spring design presented here is a novel variation of the extrusion spring with several advantages. It is removable, modifiable, easily constructed, and its lingual point of attachment minimizes occlusal interferences. The SC Spring's removability allows for modification in the vertical, AP and transverse directions. It can be replaced if broken or distorted and provides a more continuous force than elastomerics; when combined with a Modified Nance design its reciprocal forces can be distributed over the palate and maxillary molars.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>The SC Spring, when used in combination with a Modified Nance appliance, is an effective and efficient method in the vertical eruption of palatally impacted canines to facilitate repositioning into more ideal alignment.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>This technique offers a relatively simple and novel method utilizing common materials to vertically erupt palatally impacted canines. The aim of this research is to identify its advantages and disadvantages, and potentially serve as a resource for orthodontists to use in practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772559624000592/pdfft?md5=2a15dafe86b96f6569d9a65d410b98eb&pid=1-s2.0-S2772559624000592-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment loss attributable to third molar malposition/extraction: Case classification","authors":"Joseph Jankovich DMD","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>The 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions established a periodontitis staging and grading scheme that—for the first time—integrates an assessment of disease severity with an appraisal of therapeutic complexity and risk for disease progression. Individuals exhibiting attachment loss attributable to third molar malposition or extraction represent a large cohort of non-periodontitis patients highly likely to respond favorably to treatment. The purpose of this clinical report is to illustrate the value in formally categorizing this common periodontal condition.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Two male patients were referred to the Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, for evaluation of bone and attachment loss limited to distal surfaces of mandibular second molars. Each patient was treated using a combination of guided tissue regeneration and bone replacement grafts.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes were observed over follow-up periods ranging from 4 months to 4 years.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Treatment outcomes following regenerative periodontal procedures depend in part on patient-related factors. Periodontal defects attributable to anatomic, developmental, and iatrogenic factors in nonperiodontitis patients may respond favorably to therapy with high reliability.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>Many patients experiencing bone and attachment loss attributable to third molar malposition or extraction lack periodontitis risk factors/indicators, have low susceptibility to the disease, and are highly likely to respond favorably to treatment. Future classification systems of periodontal diseases and conditions should formally categorize this commonly encountered periodontal condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772559624000518/pdfft?md5=b3c704e4eb9986f05171e78635717408&pid=1-s2.0-S2772559624000518-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agarose Hydrogel & LLRP As Adjuncts to Remineralization","authors":"Neco Lawrence,&nbsp;Hanna Passmore,&nbsp;Ashley Christman RDH, BS","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>Examine the current efficacy of Agarose Hydrogel &amp; LRAP (Luciene rich Amelogenin proteins) as biomimetic adjuncts to remineralization by mimicking the beginning stages of amelogenesis; creating new tooth structure.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>For this review, the articles used were accessed from the Augusta University</p><p>Database and published within the past 5 years<em>.</em> We excluded meta-analysis and literature reviews. Used the keywords: enamel regeneration, agarose, hydrogel, enamel remineralization.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>(If applicable) In these studies, teeth were disinfected in a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution and layered with Saline buffered with Phosphate. The teeth were then sliced with different methods, and ultrasonically cleansed. They were then etched with 37% phosphoric acid and stored to mimic constant demineralization. All of the adjuncts were shown to have the ability to replicate Hydroxyapatite crystals and the structure of enamel. The LRAP solution maintained a neutral pH level that protects the phosphate and enables it to stabilize enamel regeneration. After 6 days, the Agarose Hydrogel can regenerate mineralized tissues like sound enamel. After being treated with enamel matrix proteins, after 24 hours, the hydroxyapatite crystals formed prismatic structures with a 5 μm diameter.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Each study indicates that LRAP, Agarose Hydrogel, and Enamel Matrix Proteins could direct enamel regeneration. LRAP is a promising biomolecule for enamel regeneration because of its capacity to affect crystal positioning and form. Comparatively to amelogenesis, Agarose Hydrogel has significantly promising results to replicate sound enamel. The Enamel Matrix Proteins can spontaneously self- assemble into nanosphere structures and attract calcium and phosphate ions like sound enamel.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>Long-term clinical trials would be needed to measure risks &amp; potential adverse effects. Restorative work of this nature may be costly with or without private insurance, it may be beneficial to find more cost- effective biomimetic materials.Treatment would happen over multiple days in private practice. Further studies would be needed to examine the limitations of how much enamel can be synthetically produced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772559624000270/pdfft?md5=9b2c375402477bb60dc59641430fed66&pid=1-s2.0-S2772559624000270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Palmitate in the Expression of Ectonucleotidase CD73 and Inflammatory Markers in Murine Gingival Fibroblasts","authors":"Nina Adams,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Morandini DDS MDS PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>The goal of this study is to observe the effect of palmitate in the pro-inflammatory response of murine gingival fibroblasts in vitro and the levels of purine metabolizing enzyme CD73 which can ultimately control inflammation through modulation of mitochondrial health-related genes.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Murine gingival fibroblasts were extracted from C57BI/6J mice and used between 4th and 8th passages in vitro. Cells were stimulated with palmitate (200 mM) in the presence or absence of IL-1b stimulation and mRNA for inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial health markers and CD73 were measured by RT-qPCR after 6 hours.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>The cytokines Cxcl1, IL-6 and Ccl2, but not chemokine Cxcl2, were significantly upregulated in the presence of palmitate in addition to IL-1b. The levels of CD73 were decreased in IL-1b-stimulated fibroblasts with palmitate only. Genes related to mitochondrial health such as Pink1, Mfn1, Mfn2 or Fis1 were not modulated in the presence of palmitate.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Palmitate increased IL-1b-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased CD73 in murine gingival fibroblasts with no effect on mitochondrial health-related genes, at least at the mRNA level.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>This study implicates that there is further investigation needed to better understand the relationship of palmitate with CD73 and its effects on mitochondrial health and inflammation. Once the relationship is explored and defined, this research could be part of the first steps to support the development of biomarkers to detect periodontal inflammation early on and advance current preventive measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772559624000300/pdfft?md5=ee28874236ee44bc8ff918268b9c01c8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772559624000300-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Micro-needling with Therapeutic Agents for Tissue Regeneration","authors":"Courtney Morrow,&nbsp;Hannah Grach,&nbsp;Trina Hutto RDH, MS, EdD","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the current body of literature regarding the use of microneedling with a therapeutic agent, to encourage tissue regeneration and gingival health in the periodontium.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>The database used for this literature review was Google Scholar with Augusta University Library accessible articles. The keywords used to find these articles were micro-needling, tissue regeneration, periodontal tissue attachment, guided tissue regeneration, and therapeutic agents. The mesh terms used were needles, periodontitis, tissues, regeneration, and epithelial attachment with the word “AND” between. Articles that were older than five years were filtered out, leaving 428 articles. Then irrelevant articles were manually filtered out. Six articles were then selected, with one of the articles being a literature review used for background information.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Each article reviewed showed how micro-needling with therapeutic adjuncts can have a positive effect on the gingiva. These effects range from increased interdental papilla height, increased gingival thickness and collagen formation, decreased inflammation, and decreased severity of the destruction of the periodontal tissues. Micro-needling initiates a natural wound-healing process in the gingiva, and with the help of different therapeutic agents, positive results can be observed.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Each of the articles selected used a different agent and a different micro-needling procedure. The patient's needs and wants are determining factors in which therapeutic agent would be used to assist the micro-needling procedure. Future research is needed to compare additives and procedures, in addition to micro-needling. More long-term studies are necessary to determine the lasting effects on the periodontium and overall health of the patient. In conclusion, micro-needling seems to be a cost-effective, non-invasive treatment with noticeable improvement for tissue regeneration and gingival health, proving to show validity and worth in becoming an accepted practice and treatment option in dentistry.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>Micro-needling with a therapeutic adjunct is an efficient way for dental practices to incorporate a minimally invasive treatment into a wide variety of different treatment regimens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772559624000427/pdfft?md5=2e3b05cf3063401f244ac6f49a450020&pid=1-s2.0-S2772559624000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered Small Extra-Cellular Vesicles for Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Recruitment and in situ Periodontal Tissue Regeneration","authors":"Cathy Tran,&nbsp;Ranya Elsayed PhD MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>Exo released by immune-regulatory dendritic cells (regDCs) have been used as an effective nanodelivery system for the reprogramming of immune response at inflammatory bone defects in mice. This study aims to determine the efficacy of engineered SDF-1-loaded immune-regulatory DC-derived exosomes (SDF-1exo) in MSC recruitment and bone regeneration.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Exo were purified from human and murine regDCs. Exo were loaded with SDF-1 using ultrasonication. In vitro studies of exo cargo including resistance of SDF-1 to proteolysis, MSC recruitment, and osteogenic differentiation were carried out. The therapeutic effect of SDF-1exo in hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel carrier was then tested in mandibular defects in a murine model. Five groups (n=5) were tested: group 1 (negative control), group 2 (carrier alone), group 3 (carrier with unloaded exo), group 4 (carrier with free SDF-1) and group 5 (carrier with SDF-1-exo). Biodistribution of DiI-prelabeled SDF-1-exo was performed using in-vivo imaging. Specimens were collected at 2- and 4-weeks post-operative. 3D volumetric micro-CT, histologic, qPCR, and IHC analyses were performed.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>SDF-1exo protected its cargo against lysine gingipains and DPP4 proteolytic cleavage and promoted MSC migration, and osteogenesis. TEM revealed SDF-1 localization in the exo lumen and in the transmembrane domain. Blocking experiments revealed that sustainable SDF-1 signaling required interaction between SDF-1exo and CXCR4 receptor. In vivo, SDF-1exo showed a high affinity at the defect sites and sustained SDF-1 expression during the first 2 weeks of healing, promoting MSC migration. Significantly greater bone maturation in the SDF-1exo group was observed at 4 weeks.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>This study demonstrated the efficacy of SDF-1exo delivery in promoting bone regeneration.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>This study provides the basis for a novel natural nano-therapeutic strategy for periodontal tissue regeneration in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772559624000361/pdfft?md5=0f8fdcb25f9c52ff85e89462b618f667&pid=1-s2.0-S2772559624000361-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SRC Phosphorylation of EPS8 Regulates SOX2 Expression and HNSCC Stemness","authors":"Harshit Singhania,&nbsp;Linah A. Shahoumi,&nbsp;W. Andrew Yeudall","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8) is a key driver of head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis (HNSCC). SOX2, a stem cell transcription factor, is overexpressed in high-grade HNSCC and is correlated with poor prognosis. We discovered that overexpression of EPS8 in HNSCC cells led to an increase in SOX2 expression because of increased transcription. EPS8 is phosphorylated by multiple upstream kinases, including SRC, and we found that the Y602 target site is key in regulating multiple oncogenic properties. However, the impact of these posttranslational modifications on cancer stemness is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of SRC phosphorylation of EPS8 on SOX2 expression and cancer stem cell properties.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>HNSCC cells expressing EPS8 mutants harboring phenylalanine substitutions at four SRC target sites (485/525/602/774; EPS8-F4), three sites (485/525/774; EPS8-F3) or at only one site (602; EPS8-Y602F) were used, with cells expressing low endogenous EPS8 or overexpressing wild-type EPS8 as controls. The effect of blocking SRC phosphorylation sites of EPS8 on SOX2 expression was determined by western blotting and RNA sequencing.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Blocking the four SRC phosphorylation sites (EPS8-F4), but not in EPS8-F3, resulted in significantly reduced SOX2 expression as compared to cells overexpressing wild-type EPS8. However, pharmacological inhibition of SRC activity increased SOX2 expression in the presence of wild-type EPS8 but not in its absence. RNA sequencing studies indicated that EPS8-F4 or EPS8-Y602F cells expressed significantly less SOX2 compared to cells overexpressing wild-type EPS8.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>EPS8 expression and its phosphorylation by SRC regulate SOX2 expression. Studies also indicate a role for EPS8 and SOX2 in regulating HNSCC stemness.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>HNSCC, one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, is associated with a high mortality and recurrence rate, in part due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding the interplay between key molecules (EPS8, SRC and SOX2) involved in the development and maintenance of the HNSCC CSC phenotype will be pivotal in identifying effective therapeutic strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277255962400018X/pdfft?md5=db295a19470c2ba3da7f61e7cecb899d&pid=1-s2.0-S277255962400018X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Clear Aligners with a Surgery-First Approach for Treatment of the Anterior Open Bite: A Systematic Review and Comparison with Conventional Fixed Appliances","authors":"Joshua Stewart DMD,&nbsp;Marshall F. Newman DMD, FAAP","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>To complete a systematic review of the use of clear aligner therapy (CAT) when employing a surgery-first approach (SFA) to management of patients with an anterior open bite. To determine in patients undergoing surgery-first orthognathic surgery for treatment of an anterior open bite, is the use of clear aligners, compared to conventional fixed orthodontic appliances, as effective in the management of the anterior open bite with the primary outcome being residual anterior open bite. To provide a patient example demonstrating the use of SFA to orthognathic surgery and CAT approach to orthodontic management of an anterior open bite.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>A systematic review of the literature was undertaken for evaluation of available literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Boolean operators “(clear aligner) AND (anterior open bite)”, “(clear aligner) AND (surgery-first),” and “(clear aligner) AND (orthognathic surgery)” were used. PRISMA flow diagram was used to identify, screen, and determine studies to be included in the review. The LEGEND Evidence Evaluation Tool was used to help evaluate validity, reliability and applicability and determine the evidence levels of each individual study. Studies that reported the use of CAT for management of anterior open bite without orthognathic surgery were not included. Studies that reported CAT in a surgery-first approach to manage patients without an anterior open bite were not included.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>2 studies were included in this systematic review that reported the use of CAT in a surgery-first approach specifically for management of anterior open bite. One study, a retrospective study of 12 patients, found no residual anterior open bite at a 1 year of post-orthodontic follow up. The second, a case study, implemented twenty clear-aligner trays designed for crossbite correction and for passive movements post-operatively which, at the end of treatment, also functioned as ‘active retainers’ helping to prevent the relapse of the open bite.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>The literature supports that CAT is as effective as traditional fixed orthodontic appliances when used in a surgery-first approach. Similarly, there is a body of evidence that supports the use of CAT to treat anterior open bite non-surgically. Based on the findings of this systematic review, there is growing supportive evidence to suggest that CAT can be used in a surgery-first approach to achieve predictable results specifically in management of the anterior open bite.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>Clear aligners have obvious advantages compared with fixed appliances in terms of quality of life and esthetics and can be used following orthognathic surgery to correct an anterior open bite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277255962400021X/pdfft?md5=07c20181869a9d0ac8922eb3e4a875a0&pid=1-s2.0-S277255962400021X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontitis Gingival Tissue Exosomes Cross and Compromise Human BBB in an In-Vitro 3D Model","authors":"Tigerwin Yang,&nbsp;Ranya Elsayed PhD MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>The objective of this aim was to test the hypothesis that human gingival EXO from PD patients (PD-EXO) promote BMEC dysfunction and increase BBB permeability by degrading tight junction proteins, using a human in-vitro 3D BBB model.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>EXO purified from human gingiva (n=7) of stage III-IV, grade A/B PD (PD-EXO) and healthy subjects(con-EXO) (n=5) were characterized by NTA, TEM, WB, and multiplexed bead-based flow cytometry. DiI prelabeled PD-EXO or con-EXO and FITC dextran were added simultaneously to the luminal side (endothelial cells) of an in-vitro human 3D model of BBB (Neuromics,USA) and the media in the abluminal side (astrocytes and pericytes) was sampled for fluorescent measurement by plate reader at 0.5,4 and 24 hrs post-treatment. TEER was measured and tight junction proteins were examined using qPCR.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>IL-1β and IL-6 were expressed in PD-EXO while not detected in con-EXO. PD-EXO significantly decreased TEER measurements at 0.5, 4, and 24 hrs post-treatment while FITC and DiI EXO fluorescent signals in the lower compartment (abluminal side) of the BBB were significantly increased with PD-EXO relative to con-EXO. Furthermore, there was a significant downregulation of tight junction mRNA gene expression claudin-1 and -4 in BBB BMECs with PD-EXO.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Using an in-vitro 3D model of BBB, our study illustrates that gingival EXO from PD patients could cross BBB and play a significant role in mediating a damaging effect on recipient BMECs of the BBB compromising its integrity. This suggests a novel mechanism of oral microbially induced EXO for AD risk.</p></div><div><h3>IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>These findings shed light on the possible mechanism behind the association between periodontitis and alzheimer's disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100364,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772559624000373/pdfft?md5=c3c2ed09584bf688cc2c56f32f0f7012&pid=1-s2.0-S2772559624000373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}