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Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90621-5

引用次数: 0

Vertical and horizontal heat transfer within an oceanic surface mixed layer 海洋表面混合层内的垂直和水平传热

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90618-5

Jack A.C. Kaiser

{"title":"Vertical and horizontal heat transfer within an oceanic surface mixed layer","authors":"Jack A.C. Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90618-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90618-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A well-mixed warm layer forms at the sea surface in cases of light to moderate winds and strong solar insolation. In one such case the heat content changes and irradiative absorption were measured throughout the layer enabling the determination of the local heat balance within the layer, which is between the outward flow of heat per unit volume; f; the absorbed radiation, i; and the heat content change rate, ∂h/∂t.The quantity f represents both vertical and horizontal flows of heat. The horizontal components are due to a large-scale advection and local variability. The latter are removed from the reduced data by use of a reference temperature from below the layer, while the former are very small compared to the other components of the heat balance; thus f ultimately represents a vertical heat transport.The data indicate that with weak solar insolation, heat was transported upward in the top meter and downward below. With strong insolation the heat transfer was downward at all depths. In the uppermost meter of the water, f almost exactly balanced i, while below the top meter f balanced ∂h/∂t. Because a stable density interface formed at the bottom of the layer due to turbulent mixing and radiative heating in the layer, it should inhibit non-conductive heat fluxes from the bottom of the layer. These measurements verify this and show f to be very small below the interface.</div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 7","pages":"Pages 645-657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90618-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89364916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Vertical distributions, diurnal migrations, and sampling problems of hyperiid amphipods in the North Pacific central gyre 北太平洋中央环流中双足类片脚类的垂直分布、日迁移和取样问题

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90616-1

Eric Shulenberger

{"title":"Vertical distributions, diurnal migrations, and sampling problems of hyperiid amphipods in the North Pacific central gyre","authors":"Eric Shulenberger","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90616-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90616-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Over 14,000 hyperiid amphipods were identified to species from replicated, stratified opening-closing net tows (n = 79) in the North Pacific central gyre. Most hyperiid individuals live in the upper 100 m; details of their resource partitioning are not yet known, but differences in either diurnal migratory behavior or preferred depths could help species avoid competition. Each of the two most abundant species accounts for 25% of the hyperiids captured. One species appears to show normal (up at night), the other reverse migration on a fine vertical scale, but statistical treatments of the data only marginally support these conclusions.Details of vertical distributions are shown for the 10 most abundant species (accounting for 80% of the individuals captured). Variability among replicates is large, making it difficult to draw statistically defensible conclusions about vertical distributions. At the 5% significance level only two species show diurnal migration; at the 10% level, only four do so. These difficulties occur even with well replicated sampling in an extremely stable environment. The difficulties are discussed and applied to the question of niche dimensionality among hyperiid species.</div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 7","pages":"Pages 605-623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90616-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88557669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

The distribution of clay minerals in recent sediments of the Okhotsk Sea 鄂霍次克海近代沉积物中粘土矿物的分布

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90619-7

Saburo Aoki , Kaoru Oinuma

引用次数: 8

Internal wave climate near the coast of nortwest Africa during JOINT-I 联合ⅰ期间非洲西北部海岸附近的内波气候

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90617-3

R. Lee Gordon

引用次数: 45

Satellite infra-red images in the Agulhas Current System 阿古拉斯洋流系统的卫星红外图像

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90642-2

T.F.W. Harris , R. Legeckis , D. van Forest

引用次数: 82

Comment on ‘design considerations of wing stabilized free-fall vehicles’ by A. C. Mortensen and R. E. Lange a.c. Mortensen和r.e. Lange对“机翼稳定自由落体飞行器的设计考虑”的评论

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90646-X

R.M. Carson, J.H. Simpson

引用次数: 2

Nitrous oxide in the oxygen minimum of the eastern tropical North Pacific: evidence for its consumption during denitrification and possible mechanisms for its production 热带北太平洋东部氧最小值中的氧化亚氮:反硝化过程中其消耗的证据及其产生的可能机制

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90640-9

Yuval Cohen , Louis I. Gordon

{"title":"Nitrous oxide in the oxygen minimum of the eastern tropical North Pacific: evidence for its consumption during denitrification and possible mechanisms for its production","authors":"Yuval Cohen , Louis I. Gordon","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90640-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90640-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Investigation of the nitrous oxide (N2O), oxygen, and nutrient distributions in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean (ETNP) indicated biochemical N2O consumption around the core of the oxygen minimum where denitrification takes place. Subsurface N2O minima were found at stations where intermediate waters contained near-zero oxygen concentrations and well-developed secondary nitrite maxima, characteristic of denitrification. The N2O minima were absent at stations where there was little or no evidence for denitrification.Surface waters of the ETNP were on the average 110% saturated with N2O relative to a marine air content of 287 ppbv N2O. The area appears to be a source for atmospheric N2O with an average magnitude of 0.14 pg N2O cm−2s−1.Except for the oxygen-deficient layer where the N2O minima were found, N2O is highly supersaturated at all stations from just below the mixed layer to about 1000 m. Supersaturations varied from 224 to 600% in shallow waters above the base of the pycnocline and from 120 to 250% in deep waters below 1000 m. Possible mechanisms for biochemical N2O production in the ocean were examined and it is concluded that in the ETNP, nitrification is the most important.</div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 6","pages":"Pages 509-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90640-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86378163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 213

Author's reply 作者的回复

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90647-1

Arne C. Mortensen

引用次数: 0

Zooplankton spin splitter 浮游动物自旋分离器

Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90645-8

Zinntae Zo

引用次数: 5