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The chemistry, biology and vertical flux of particulate matter from the upper 400 m of the Cape Basin in the southeast Atlantic Ocean 东南大西洋开普盆地400米高空颗粒物的化学、生物学和垂直通量
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90010-3
James K.B. Bishop , Darlene R. Ketten , John M. Edmond
{"title":"The chemistry, biology and vertical flux of particulate matter from the upper 400 m of the Cape Basin in the southeast Atlantic Ocean","authors":"James K.B. Bishop ,&nbsp;Darlene R. Ketten ,&nbsp;John M. Edmond","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90010-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90010-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Particulate matter, divided into &lt;1-, 1- <em>to</em> 53- and &gt;53-<em>μ</em>m size fractions, was obtained using the Large Volume <em>in situ</em> Filtration System (LVFS), Southlant Expedition, R.V. <em>Chain</em> 115, and was analysed for chemical (dry weight, Na, K, Mg, Ca, carbonate, opal, Sr, C and N), organismal (species assemblage and population densities), and morphological distributions. Profiles from LVFS Stas. 4 to 8 covering regions of low to high productivity and coastal upwelling in the southeast Atlantic are compared with that from LVFS Sta. 2, equatorial Atlantic.</p><p>Maxima in organism abundances and particulate mass were generally coincident and occurred at the base of the mixed layer or near-surface when the mixed layer was poorly developed or absent. A consistent distributional pattern of organisms was observed.</p><p>Features of the particulate matter distributions attributed to the feeding activities of zooplankton are: strong vertical concentration gradients of mass, organic matter, and organisms; 10-fold enrichment with depth of the &gt; 53-<em>μ</em>m fraction with coccolith carbonate; decrease in organic content from 100% at the surface to 50 to 60% at 400 m; fragmentation of most test material below 100 m; and the production of fecal pellets and fecal matter. Coccolithophorids and diatoms were the dominant sources of particulate carbonate and opal.</p><p>One- to 53-μm organic C/N ratios were 7.3±0.5 (σ) in productive waters; the &lt;1-<em>μ</em>m ratios were lower. Particulate organic carbon was distributed uniformly below 200 m with concentrations reflecting surface productivity. The calcium to carbonate ratios exceeded unity with values as high as 2.5 being typical of surface waters near Capetown where diatoms dominated; the cycling of excess calcium is 1 to 2 × 10<sup>13</sup> mol yr<sup>−1</sup> or approximately 20% of the annual carbonate precipitation by organisms.</p><p>Vertical mass fluxes through 400m of Foraminifera, fecal pellets, and fecal matter were calculated for three stations using settling models and particle size distributions. Corresponding chemical fluxes of organic carbon, carbonate, and opal are given. Comparisons are made with recalculated fluxes for LVFS Sta. 2.</p><p>Over 90% of the organic matter produced in the euphotic zone is recycled in the upper 400 m. The recycling efficiency is nearly 99% in areas of low productivity; the organic to carbonate carbon and the silicate to carbonate ratios are highest at locations where the mass flux is greatest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1121-1154, IN1-IN4, 1155-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90010-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75852983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 172
On the estimation of oceanic wind speed and stress from ambient noise measurements 从环境噪声测量中估计海洋风速和应力
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90015-2
P. Shaw, D. Watts, H. Rossby
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引用次数: 55
Mesoscale motions near the deep western boundary of the North Atlantic 北大西洋深西边界附近的中尺度运动
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90012-7
S. Riser, H. Freeland, H. Rossby
{"title":"Mesoscale motions near the deep western boundary of the North Atlantic","authors":"S. Riser, H. Freeland, H. Rossby","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90012-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90012-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":" 15","pages":"1179-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91415679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
The deep chlorophyll maximum and mesoscale environmental heterogeneity in the western half of the North Pacific central gyre 北太平洋中央环流西半部深层叶绿素最大值与中尺度环境异质性
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90013-9
E. Shulenberger
{"title":"The deep chlorophyll maximum and mesoscale environmental heterogeneity in the western half of the North Pacific central gyre","authors":"E. Shulenberger","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90013-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90013-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"1193-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84704187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Drift of a satellite-tracked buoy in the southern Agulhas Current and Agulhas Return Current 卫星跟踪浮标在南部阿古拉斯海流和阿古拉斯回流中的漂移
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90014-0
M. L. Gründlingh
{"title":"Drift of a satellite-tracked buoy in the southern Agulhas Current and Agulhas Return Current","authors":"M. L. Gründlingh","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90014-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90014-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"151 1","pages":"1209-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79855136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 58
Diel variation in nitrogen fixation by a marine blue-green alga, Trichodesmium thiebautii 一种海洋蓝绿藻(Trichodesmium thibautii)固氮特性的变化
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90019-X
Toshiro Saino , Akihiko Hattori
{"title":"Diel variation in nitrogen fixation by a marine blue-green alga, Trichodesmium thiebautii","authors":"Toshiro Saino ,&nbsp;Akihiko Hattori","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90019-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90019-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A diel variation was demonstrated with respect to nitrogen fixing capacity of a marine blue-green alga, <em>Trichodesmium thiebautii</em>, collected from subtropical waters of the western North Pacific. A 200-fold difference was observed between day and night activities when measured at a light intensity of 12,000 lx. The pattern and extent of variation were different from diel variations reported for photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and nitrogen fixation of natural populations of marine phytoplankton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1259-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90019-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73230400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 104
On the estimation of oceanic wind speed and stress from ambient noise measurements 从环境噪声测量中估算海洋风速和应力
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90015-2
P.T. Shaw , D.Randolph Watts , H.Thomas Rossby
{"title":"On the estimation of oceanic wind speed and stress from ambient noise measurements","authors":"P.T. Shaw ,&nbsp;D.Randolph Watts ,&nbsp;H.Thomas Rossby","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90015-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90015-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple method of measuring wind speeds over the oceans by monitoring ambient acoustical noise in the water is demonstrated. Ambient noise in our measurement band (5 kHz) is predominantly wind-generated. The accuracy in this test is ±5 knots (±2.5 m s<sup>−1</sup>) at wind speeds greater than 5 knots. A sample calculation of wind stress illustrates how this method can be used to improve greatly our knowledge of the wind stress distribution over the world oceans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1225-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90015-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
The weathering of tar on Bermuda 百慕大焦油的风化作用
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90017-6
Adam Zsolnay
{"title":"The weathering of tar on Bermuda","authors":"Adam Zsolnay","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90017-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90017-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The indices to determine the weathering of crude oil, which were developed by <span>Blumer, Ehrhardt</span> and <span>Jones</span> (<em>Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>20</strong>, 239–259, 1973), were applied with success to the tar that is being deposited on Bermuda. Relative to the fresh, floating incoming tar, sunken tar shows pronounced microbiological degradation while tar adhering to the rocky shore shows evaporative loss with less microbial degradation. Surprisingly, normal alkanes with an even number of carbon appear to be more prone to microbial degradation than the ones with an odd carbon number.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1245-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90017-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
On the theory of control of microbial growth kinetics by limiting nutrient concentrations 限制营养物浓度控制微生物生长动力学的理论
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90011-5
D. Button
{"title":"On the theory of control of microbial growth kinetics by limiting nutrient concentrations","authors":"D. Button","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90011-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90011-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"159 1","pages":"1163-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89027566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 76
Calculation of the potential temperature of seawater from the effect of pressure on entropy 从压强对熵的影响计算海水的势温
Deep Sea Research Pub Date : 1978-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(78)90018-8
Alvin Bradshaw
{"title":"Calculation of the potential temperature of seawater from the effect of pressure on entropy","authors":"Alvin Bradshaw","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90018-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90018-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A method of calculating the potential temperature using the pressure integral of the temperature derivative of specific volume is described. The estimation of the uncertainty due to errors in the thermal expansion and specific heat data is straightforward. A comparison is made with values found by <span>Bryden</span> (<em>Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>20</strong>, 401–408, 1973) from integration of the adiabatic gradient, the same expressions for the temperature derivative and the specific heat being used in both cases. The results agree within the fitting error in Bryden's polynomial for potential temperature at 35% salinity by Bryden's estimate of the uncertainty in his values is too large. From this analysis, the uncertainty in values of potential temperature in the oceanographic range is estimated to be less than 12 m°C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1253-1257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90018-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73382056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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