Deep Sea Research最新文献

{"title":"The preparation and chlorinity calibration of standard seawater","authors":"F.E. Hermann ,&nbsp;F. Culkin","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90020-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90020-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The preparation of Standard Seawater and the high precision method used for determining the chlorinity of the standard are described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1265-1268, IN5, 1269-1270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90020-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74420401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drift of a satellite-tracked buoy in the southern Agulhas Current and Agulhas Return Current","authors":"Marten L. Gründlingh","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90014-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90014-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In September 1975 a satellite-tracked drifting buoy was released in the southwest Indian Ocean and tracked for 268 days. The track indicated that apart from a secondary eastward return of the Agulhas Current at 35°S, 25°E, a major return existed at 39°S, 13°E. From the latter position the flow speed in the Agulhas Return Current varied from 130 cm s⁻¹ in the west down to 40 cm s⁻¹ between 55 and 62°E. Evidence was found that the Agulhas Return Current was disturbed by two major excursions to the north over the Agulhas Plateau and the southern tip of the Moçambique Ridge. Each of these ‘anomalies’ extended northwards for 400 km and involved cyclonic eddies approximately 200 km in diameter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1209-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90014-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscale motions near the deep western boundary of the North Atlantic","authors":"Stephen C. Riser ,&nbsp;Howard Freeland ,&nbsp;H.Thomas Rossby","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90012-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90012-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three SOFAR floats set at the end of the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE-1) in the western North Atlantic drifted westward out of the MODE area after several years and into a region near the western boundary of the basin. The floats were at a depth of 1500 to 2000 m. Two of the floats crossed the tip of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, were caught in an intense, cyclonic eddy with a radius of approximately 40 km and orbital speeds reaching nearly 40 cms⁻¹, and moved rapidly south along the Blake Escarpment. The third float moved several hundred kilometers northwest of the MODE area, back to the south across the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, and then south along the Blake Escarpment. The measurements indicate that, at the depth of the floats, a deep, south-flowing jet, estimated to be at most 60 km wide, is present along the Blake Escarpment but is intermittent or non-existent along other portions of the boundary farther south. Though the floats were everywhere several thousand meters above the bottom, the influence of local topographic features is evident, and the tracks differ markedly in regions of the ocean separated by only a few hundred kilometers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1179-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90012-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72293340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The weathering of tar on Bermuda","authors":"Á. Zsolnay","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90017-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90017-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"104 1","pages":"1245-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75444575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deep chlorophyll maximum and mesoscale environmental heterogeneity in the western half of the North Pacific central gyre","authors":"Eric Shulenberger","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90013-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90013-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A traverse of the western half of the North Pacific central gyre along 28°N from 162°30′W to 146°15′E provided sections of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-<em>a</em>, PO₄, NO₂, NO₃, O₂, sigma-<em>t</em>, and zooplankton displacement volume. The deep chlorophyll maximum known to occur in the eastern half of the gyre extends completely across the Pacific. The section crossed at least two hydrographic features that can be interpreted as rings or eddies. The physical environment in the upper 300 m appears to be heterogenous on a horzontal scale of hundreds of kilometers. Nutrient and chlorophyll distributions parallel the hydrographic features and are equally heterogenous. Large differences exist in species assemblages between a site in the eastern half and one in the western half of the gyre. These differences are consistent with either a two-gyre system of surface circulation or with samples taken at the ends of a cline. Hydrographic data are more supportative of the two-gyre hypothesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 12","pages":"Pages 1193-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90013-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of the bottom mixed layer on the Oregon shelf","authors":"D. Caldwell","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90016-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90016-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"1235-1243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90463686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasigeostrophic flow above sloping boundaries","authors":"E.R. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90586-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90586-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The form of quasigeostrophic flow past isolated topography on a sloping planar boundary is obtained for both homogenous and continuously stratified flows. The results for a homogenous flow are closely related to those for homogeneous flow on a β plane but the stratified solutions differ significantly from the corresponding β plane ones. In particular, the stratified Rossby-wave wake, present behind obstacles on planes sloping upwards to the left of the low direction, is trapped next to the boundary. The magnitude of a perturbation to the basic parallel bottom contours required to cause current branching is calculated for arbitrary slopes and varying stratification. Expressions are also given for the force exerted on obstacles in these flows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 11","pages":"Pages 1049-1071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90586-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72771302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature finestructure and microstructure observations in a coastal upwelling region during a period of variable winds (Oregon, summer 1974)","authors":"George O. Marmorino ,&nbsp;Douglas R. Caldwell","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90587-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90587-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Profiles of temperature and temperature gradient made during two 4-day cruises with a freely-falling probe, in conjunction with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and current meter records, are used to examine a 100-m water column on the Oregon shelf for evidence of finestructure-microstructure correlation, shear-induced mixing, and double-diffusive convecting layers. The rate of dissipation of temperature fluctuations,<em>ε</em>_<em>ν</em>, is founnd to be as large as 2 × 10⁻⁵°C² s⁻¹ in a well-stirred surface layer, and as low as 7 × 10⁻¹¹°C² s⁻¹ in a region undisturbed by intrusions or boundary stirring. For the surface mixed layer, a decade-long, + 1 slope was observed in the temperature gradient spectrum for vertical wavelengths greater than about 5 mm. If this is assumed to be a viscous-convective subrange, the rate of dissipation of mechanical energy, ε, is calculated to be 0.06 cm²s⁻³. Transient patches of intense microstructure, 1 to 2 m in extent, can occur in the thermocline. Variations in temperature variance of 10³ can occur over small vertical separations in several intrusions, but when normalized by the local finestructure gradient (yielding the Cox number) the range is considerably less. A 4-m thick ‘hole’ in the microstructure appears in a shallow, cold intrusion. A warm intrusion has a complicated, time-dependent vertical structure and a low Cox number (less than 10). An interleaving at about 60 m produces a 0.10°C, 10-m thick inversion with many small-scale features indicative of overturning; the Cox number is about 600 in this case. Although all the temperature inversions have <em>T-S</em> gradients favorable for double-diffusive convection, no systems of layers are found. In general, the results are similar to those from other observations of oceanic microstructure associated with the different types of finestructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 11","pages":"Pages 1073-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90587-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88923505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The identification of major oceanographic fronts by long range acoustic propagation measurements","authors":"A.C. Kibblewhite ,&nbsp;D.G. Browning","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90588-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90588-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is experimental evidence that different water conditions influence the transmission of low frequency sound to slightly different degrees. In particular, attenuation and various signal parameters are sensitive to ocean water properties, and in long range acoustic experiments changes in transmission characteristics are observed that can be used to identify the boundaries between different oceanic water masses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 11","pages":"Pages 1107-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90588-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86039288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scavenging amphipods from the floor of the Philippine trench","authors":"Robert R. Hessler ,&nbsp;Camilla L. Ingram ,&nbsp;A. Aristides Yayanos ,&nbsp;Bryan R. Burnett","doi":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90585-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-6291(78)90585-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Free vehicle, baited camera, and baited trap stations at 9600 and 9800 m on the bottom of the axis of the Philippine Trench demonstrate the presence of only one mobile scavenger, the amphipod <em>Hirondellea gigas</em>. This amphipod congregates in large numbers, consumes the bait in a matter of hours, and then disperses. Similar concentrations of amphipods have been recorded for all bait studies at hadal depths to date. In none of these did fish appear, even though they are characteristic of all samplings at shallower depths. The reason for this is obscure.</p><p>Specimens of <em>H. gigas</em> can be classified according to developmental stage and sex. Except for stages ♂1 and ♀2, the stages are equivalent to instars, of which there are seven to eight for females and four for males. Brooding females were not trapped. The growth ratio is relatively constant among instars, except in the female where it decreases markedly during the period when there is a strong increase in the accumulation of reproductive products. Evidence favors the view that females breed only once. If this is so, total fecundity averages about 97 oocytes per female.</p><p>Many <em>H. gigas</em> individuals had material in their guts that was ingested before being trapped. The fraction of such individuals decreased linearly with increasing maturity. A major fraction of the volume of this ingested material often consisted of bacteria. Several hypotheses are consistent with this result.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100360,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research","volume":"25 11","pages":"Pages 1029-1030, IN5-IN6, 1031-1038, IN7, 1039-1042, IN9-IN10, 1043-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-6291(78)90585-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75942474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}