Deep Brain Stimulation最新文献

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Exploring the cognitive implications of traditional and novel subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation paradigms in Parkinson’s disease 探索传统和新型眼下核深部脑刺激范式对帕金森病患者认知的影响
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.003
Anouk Wolters , Yasin Temel , Hans Clusmann , Sarah-Anna Hescham
{"title":"Exploring the cognitive implications of traditional and novel subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation paradigms in Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Anouk Wolters ,&nbsp;Yasin Temel ,&nbsp;Hans Clusmann ,&nbsp;Sarah-Anna Hescham","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the motor system. However, it is also accompanied by significant non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and mood disorders. While dopaminergic deficits in the substantia nigra pars compacta are linked to motor symptoms, cognitive decline and non-motor symptoms may involve other neurotransmitter systems, including cholinergic pathways. This review investigates the cognitive implications of traditional and novel subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) paradigms in PD. Recognising the growing significance of cognitive function in the management of PD, our study aims to analyse comprehensively how different DBS approaches impact cognitive outcomes. By reviewing existing literature, we examine the cognitive domains of PD patients undergoing traditional STN DBS and explore the effects of novel stimulation paradigms. The findings from these studies may enhance our understanding of the cognitive consequences associated with STN DBS and inform therapeutic strategies to optimize patient outcomes in PD management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669124000095/pdfft?md5=7f8ea55dc32157755f3cf14ac43f3099&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669124000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuropsychological and social predictors of participation in a deep brain stimulation study of Parkinson’s disease and dystonia 参与帕金森病和肌张力障碍深部脑刺激研究的神经心理学和社会预测因素
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.002
Amelia Hahn , Ann A. Lazar , Stephanie Cernera , Simon Little , Sarah S. Wang , Philip A. Starr , Caroline A. Racine
{"title":"Neuropsychological and social predictors of participation in a deep brain stimulation study of Parkinson’s disease and dystonia","authors":"Amelia Hahn ,&nbsp;Ann A. Lazar ,&nbsp;Stephanie Cernera ,&nbsp;Simon Little ,&nbsp;Sarah S. Wang ,&nbsp;Philip A. Starr ,&nbsp;Caroline A. Racine","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Participation is essential to DBS research, yet circumstances that affect diverse participation remain unclear. Here we evaluate factors impacting participation in an adaptive DBS study of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dystonia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty participants were implanted with a sensing-enabled DBS device (Medtronic Summit RC+S) that allows neural data streaming in naturalistic settings and encouraged to stream as much as possible for the first five months after surgery. Using standardized baseline data obtained through neuropsychological evaluation, we compared neuropsychological and social variables to streaming hours.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Marital status and irritability significantly impacted streaming hours (estimate=136.7, bootstrapped (<sup><em>b</em></sup>) <em>CI</em><sup><em>b</em></sup>=45.0 to 249.0, <em>p</em><sup><em>b</em></sup>=0.016, and estimate=−95.1, <em>CI</em><sup><em>b</em></sup>=−159.9 to −49.2, <em>p</em><sup><em>b</em></sup>=0.027, respectively). These variables remained significant after multivariable analysis. Composite scores on verbal memory evaluations predicted the number of hours of data streamed (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>=0.284, estimate=67.7, <em>CI</em><sup><em>b</em></sup>=20.1 to 119.9, <em>p</em><sup><em>b</em></sup>=0.019).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Verbal memory impairment, irritability, and lack of a caregiver may be associated with decreased participation. Further study of factors that impact research participation is critical to the sustained inclusion of diverse participants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669124000083/pdfft?md5=73140f5ac8529d60f93fa7fbf69eed21&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669124000083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder: continued access or abandonment? Comment to Glannon [1] 深部脑刺激治疗重度抑郁障碍:继续使用还是放弃?对 Glannon [1] 的评论。
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.001
Albert F.G. Leentjens , Volker A. Coenen
{"title":"Deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder: continued access or abandonment? Comment to Glannon [1]","authors":"Albert F.G. Leentjens ,&nbsp;Volker A. Coenen","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669124000071/pdfft?md5=827cea7a58bd7ff794b838513e2a8af6&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669124000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder: Continued access or abandonment? 深部脑刺激治疗重度抑郁症:继续使用还是放弃?
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.05.001
Walter Glannon
{"title":"Deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder: Continued access or abandonment?","authors":"Walter Glannon","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Participants in DBS clinical trials for major depressive and other psychiatric disorders may not have access to post-trial neuromodulation. Some commentators have claimed that this would be unfair to trial participants and effectively abandon them. Continued access to these devices could be justified only if there were a statistically significant difference in outcomes between active and sham stimulation and participants responded positively to active DBS. Clinicians and investigators have post-trial obligations to provide appropriate care and psychosocial support to patients and trial participants. Depending on trial outcomes and patient responses, lack of access to continued DBS may not be unfair to them or a form of abandonment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 30-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294966912400006X/pdfft?md5=d8164a13fc48a5d2d63f1bd7417ed526&pid=1-s2.0-S294966912400006X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141033971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local field potential journey into the Basal Ganglia 进入基底神经节的局部场电位之旅
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.002
Eitan E. Asher , Maya Slovik , Rea Mitelman , Hagai Bergman , Shlomo Havlin , Shay Moshel
{"title":"Local field potential journey into the Basal Ganglia","authors":"Eitan E. Asher ,&nbsp;Maya Slovik ,&nbsp;Rea Mitelman ,&nbsp;Hagai Bergman ,&nbsp;Shlomo Havlin ,&nbsp;Shay Moshel","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Local field potentials (LFP) in the basal ganglia (BG) have attracted considerable research and clinical interest. The genesis of these signals has been a topic of extensive discourse, focusing on whether they are a manifestation of local synaptic activity or result from the propagation of electrical signals through tissue, as described by the Maxwell equations (volume conduction). To investigate this, we conducted simultaneous recordings of LFPs from two cortical areas— the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the primary motor cortex (M1)—and various sites within the BG nuclei in an awake, non-task-engaged non-human primate (NHP). Employing innovative analytical techniques, we discerned significant cross-correlations indicative of potential connections, while filtering out non-significant correlations. This allowed us to differentiate between synaptic inputs and volume conduction. Our findings indicate two distinct propagation pathways of BG field potentials emanating from the M1 and the DLPFC, each characterized by different temporal delays. The results imply that these anatomical pathways are differentially influenced by the mechanisms of volume conduction and synaptic transmission. Notably, the M1 exhibits more functional links with non-zero-time delays to the BG structures, while the DLPFC-BG connections are marked by zero-time delays, suggesting a predominance of volume conduction effects. Consequently, investigations into the origins of BG LFP should account for the distinct anatomical pathways linking the cortex and the BG, as they differentially represent information flow and volume conductance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669124000046/pdfft?md5=0860751b57ed52a679b69d6665e7eba4&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669124000046-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local field potentials: Therapeutic implications for DBS in dystonia including adaptive DBS for dystonia 局部场电位:DBS 对肌张力障碍的治疗意义,包括适应性 DBS 治疗肌张力障碍
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.003
David Ledingham , Mark Baker , Nicola Pavese
{"title":"Local field potentials: Therapeutic implications for DBS in dystonia including adaptive DBS for dystonia","authors":"David Ledingham ,&nbsp;Mark Baker ,&nbsp;Nicola Pavese","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Local field potentials (LFPs) are signals generated primarily by the result of the synchronous discharge of post-synaptic potentials. Detection of LFPs from intracranial electrodes sited within the basal ganglia has led to the recognition that there are specific features of the LFP that could serve as neurophysiological biomarkers of different disease states. For example, in Parkinson’s disease peaks in the beta frequency range of the power spectrum are known to correlate with the degree of bradykinesia and rigidity, whereas low frequency, alpha-theta peaks are increasingly considered a biomarker of dystonic activity. The introduction of newer deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices capable of simultaneous stimulation and LFP detection creates opportunities to investigate new strategies for treating patients with dystonia. This review aims to summarise the LFP findings seen in patients with dystonia undergoing DBS with a particular focus on the potential implications for future clinical practice and the development of adaptive DBS systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 4-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669124000058/pdfft?md5=f0df3b5152f7c21dc6b707e654b98e8d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669124000058-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuropalliative care in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: Potential impactful areas of care 脑深部刺激治疗帕金森病的神经姑息治疗:具有潜在影响的护理领域
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.001
Caroline T. Goldin , Christina L. Vaughan , Brian Hoyt , Drew S. Kern
{"title":"Neuropalliative care in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: Potential impactful areas of care","authors":"Caroline T. Goldin ,&nbsp;Christina L. Vaughan ,&nbsp;Brian Hoyt ,&nbsp;Drew S. Kern","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuropalliative care (NPC) is a relatively new subspeciality of neurology. Recent studies have demonstrated efficacy of NPC in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the implementation of NPC in deep brain stimulation (DBS) has yet to be addressed. Patients with PD being evaluated for and having undergone DBS potentially have unmet needs that may be best assessed and managed by neuropalliative neurologist. Specific areas include an in-depth psychosocial evaluation, exploration of patient and caregiver expectations, addressing caregiver needs, providing spiritual and marital support, and discussing advance directives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669124000034/pdfft?md5=6ba0644fe6c68775affa756ec1db54e6&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669124000034-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic research and its contribution to the treatment in Parkinson's disease 基因研究及其对帕金森病治疗的贡献
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.01.002
Gençer Genç
{"title":"Genetic research and its contribution to the treatment in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Gençer Genç","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditionally believed to be a non-genetic disease (sporadic or idiopathic), running of Parkinson Disease (PD) in families and early-onset PD patients have drawn attention to the role of genetics in PD. Variants associated with PD include rare, high penetrance pathogenic variants causing familial disease, and genetic risk factor variants driving PD risk in a significant minority in PD cases, and high frequency, low penetrance variants, which contribute a small increase of the risk of developing sporadic PD. Studying PD genetics is critical for a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms, given that PD is a clinically and pathologically heterogenous disease. Although the great majority of PD patients cannot be explained by a single mutation, the identification of risk loci, genes, and mutations has provided new insights into PD pathogenesis and paved the way for new studies. It is clear that we will need more data about the treatment outcomes of monogenic/complex PD. Knowledge of genetics has the potential to improve clinical trial design and to generate new and optimize existing therapeutic options for people with PD. The molecular PD research combined with detailed clinical data, is timely and will contribute to fill some of the gaps in PD genetics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 47-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669124000022/pdfft?md5=89bc88f4f00da1d7339e4e4371f5c113&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669124000022-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Single-trajectory deep brain stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area and subthalamic nucleus for dopamine-resistant parkinsonian tremor: A case report 眼下后区和眼下核的单轨迹深部脑刺激治疗多巴胺抵抗性帕金森震颤:病例报告
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.01.001
Zhengyu Lin , Peng Huang , Zhitong Zeng , Chencheng Zhang , Yuyan Tan , Dianyou Li
{"title":"Single-trajectory deep brain stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area and subthalamic nucleus for dopamine-resistant parkinsonian tremor: A case report","authors":"Zhengyu Lin ,&nbsp;Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Zhitong Zeng ,&nbsp;Chencheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuyan Tan ,&nbsp;Dianyou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) usually requires high energy stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with medically refractory tremor, which may lead to axial disturbances compromising the anti-tremor effect.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One patient with PD developed from essential tremor suffered from severe levodopa-unresponsive tremor. He received bilateral DBS surgery targeting the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) and dorsal STN simultaneously using one single lead. A conventional frontal approach was applicable. Using standard clinical scales and objective gait analysis, we explored and compared the efficacy of PSA DBS, STN DBS, and PSA-STN co-stimulation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No severe adverse event was documented in this case. At the 2-year follow-up, having comparable efficacy on rigidity and bradykinesia, PSA stimulation, compared with STN stimulation, provided greater improvement in the tremor sub-score of the MDS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III), the total score of the MDS UPDRS-III, and the score of Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale (FTM-TRS) part A&amp;B. In addition, some of the gait parameters (i.e., turning duration and cadence) were better under PSA stimulation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Single-trajectory simultaneous PSA and STN DBS with conventional frontal approach is feasible and is highly effective in one case with PD suffering from medically refractory tremor. This case provides insight into DBS targets selection for treatment-refractory tremor-dominant PD and suggests the potential for PSA as a complementary or alternative target in these cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669124000010/pdfft?md5=4214a5084cf97dc5856641e6adcb0eb0&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669124000010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microelectrode assisted deep brain stimulation: Considerations for anesthesia 微电极辅助脑深部刺激:麻醉注意事项
Deep Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdbs.2023.12.006
Marcus L.F. Janssen , Michaël J. Bos
{"title":"Microelectrode assisted deep brain stimulation: Considerations for anesthesia","authors":"Marcus L.F. Janssen ,&nbsp;Michaël J. Bos","doi":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdbs.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely accepted and safe treatment for selected patients with movement disorders. Many medical centres prefer to perform DBS lead positioning using local anesthesia to enable microelectrode recordings (MER) and assess the therapeutic and side effects of stimulation. These steps allow for the precise identification of the borders and subdomains of the target nuclei using the electrophysiological properties. Additionally, they facilitate the evaluation of the therapeutic window and thereby improve the accuracy of final DBS lead placement. However, in some patients awake surgery can be challenging and, as a result, sedation or general anesthesia may be needed. Unfortunately, if not used properly this approach can lead to alterations in the electrophysiological signature and interfere with clinical testing, potentially affecting surgical outcomes. Consequently, the type and dose of anesthesia needs to be chosen carefully.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100359,"journal":{"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949669123000209/pdfft?md5=ff03e4a2c502bc569e2f0e748e11b52e&pid=1-s2.0-S2949669123000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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