Exploring the cognitive implications of traditional and novel subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation paradigms in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the motor system. However, it is also accompanied by significant non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and mood disorders. While dopaminergic deficits in the substantia nigra pars compacta are linked to motor symptoms, cognitive decline and non-motor symptoms may involve other neurotransmitter systems, including cholinergic pathways. This review investigates the cognitive implications of traditional and novel subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) paradigms in PD. Recognising the growing significance of cognitive function in the management of PD, our study aims to analyse comprehensively how different DBS approaches impact cognitive outcomes. By reviewing existing literature, we examine the cognitive domains of PD patients undergoing traditional STN DBS and explore the effects of novel stimulation paradigms. The findings from these studies may enhance our understanding of the cognitive consequences associated with STN DBS and inform therapeutic strategies to optimize patient outcomes in PD management.