Crop and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Root plasticity and nutrient uptake in rainfed lowland rice under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer management","authors":"Ryosuke Tajima ,&nbsp;Yoichiro Kato ,&nbsp;Naoki Moritsuka ,&nbsp;Koki Homma ,&nbsp;Junko Yamagishi ,&nbsp;Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa ,&nbsp;Boonrat Jongdee","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfed lowlands account for one-third of the total rice land in tropical Asia. Rice production is often constrained by low nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability under rainfed lowland conditions. Genotypes with root phenotypic plasticity to fertilizer management may be advantageous for nutrient uptake and crop growth in rainfed lowlands. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a two-year field experiment in northeastern Thailand. Three genotypes (two advanced backcross lines and the recipient) with contrasting root morphologies were grown under sufficient and limited N and P fertilizers (four treatments). Without any drought symptoms throughout the experimental period, the average grain yield across years, treatments, and genotypes was 3.58 ​t ​ha⁻¹. Sufficient N application significantly increased grain yield, shoot biomass, and N uptake in both years; however, it reduced root length density. In contrast, the effect of sufficient P application was unclear, with a significant increase in P uptake observed only in the second year. At the panicle initiation stage, one advanced backcross line demonstrated a higher root length density in subsoil (10–30 ​cm) and higher P uptake. The positive correlation between root length density (0–30 ​cm) and P uptake suggested that greater root proliferation enhanced P acquisition in rainfed lowlands. Furthermore, genotypic differences in rhizosphere effects might have contributed to improved P solubilization in the topsoil, and N management might have altered root plasticity. These findings emphasize the importance of root traits in improving N and P use efficiencies in rainfed lowlands and offer insights for rice breeding in drought-prone environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 263-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal fusion of UAV-based computer vision and plant water content dynamics for high-throughput soybean maturity classification","authors":"Yaxin Li ,&nbsp;Tingting Li ,&nbsp;Yanqiang Zhao,&nbsp;Kunpeng Jiang,&nbsp;Yuying Ye,&nbsp;Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Zhou,&nbsp;Qiaorong Wei,&nbsp;Rongsheng Zhu,&nbsp;Qingshan Chen,&nbsp;Limin Hu,&nbsp;Mingliang Yang,&nbsp;Le Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean is the most important oilseed and forage crop globally. Advancements in high-throughput phenotyping technologies are critical for accelerating genetic improvement in modern breeding research. However, conventional methods for assessing soybean maturity remain labor intensive. This study developed high-throughput phenotyping algorithms based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery combined with machine learning to monitor the maturity process of 30 soybean cultivars in large-scale breeding trials. UAV images and plant water content (PWC) data were collected to classify soybean maturity into four distinct phases: immaturity (i.e. the period before R5 stage), late pod filling (i.e. R5 to R6), physiological maturity (i.e. R7), and harvesting maturity (i.e. R8). We evaluated the performance of three classification approaches: (1) a computer vision model utilizing UAV-derived color features, (2) a PWC-based model retrieving PWC dynamics using UAV-derived feature, and (3) a multimodal fusion model integrating computer vision and PWC dynamics. Computer vision model effectively distinguished immature and mature plants but showed limitations in resolving specific maturity phases due to genetic variation in canopy color among cultivars (training set accuracy: 0.71; validation set accuracy: 0.69). The sensitive UAV-derived features were applied to establish the prediction model of PWC using convolutional neural network, which achieved the highest R² (training set: R² ​= ​0.95; validation set: R² ​= ​0.86) between the predicted and measured PWC. The PWC-based algorithm outperformed the computer vision approach, achieving higher classification accuracy (training set: 0.78; validation set: 0.79). Strong correlations between PWC and pod water content, stem water content, and leaf water content underscored the physiological relevance of PWC in tracking maturation dynamics. Further improvement in classification accuracy was achieved with the multimodal fusion model (training set: 0.84; validation set: 0.83), which combined the information of computer vision and PWC dynamics. It was also confirmed that the multimodal fusion model achieved the lowest misclassification rate in the validation analysis across diverse soybean cultivars. These findings emphasize the potential of integrating UAV-based computer vision and PWC features to improve the accuracy and efficiency of soybean maturity classification. The proposed multimodal approach offers a robust framework for phenotypic selection and trait evaluation, providing valuable insights for soybean breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 241-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of a foliar nitrogen allocation strategy in controlling the CO2 fertilization effect in rice","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingyong Tang ,&nbsp;Duwei Zhong ,&nbsp;Zihua Shi ,&nbsp;Yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Ding ,&nbsp;Songhan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO₂) concentration generally boosts the photosynthetic rate of rice and tends to reduce the concentration of foliar nitrogen (N). However, there is limited evidence concerning how this shift in N allocation affects the plant's overall response to eCO₂. Therefore, this study integrated data from free-air CO₂ enhancement (FACE) experiments, open-top chamber (OTC) experiments, meta-analysis, and pot experiments with N fertilizer gradients to comprehensively investigate the physiological mechanisms of the rice CO₂ fertilization effect (CFE) and its intrinsic relationship with leaf N allocation strategy. Results showed that eCO₂ significantly enhanced rice carbon sequestration but led to reduced N allocation in the carboxylation system (<em>PN</em>_<em>cb</em>) and electron transport components (<em>PN</em>_<em>et</em>). The established least-squares regression model indicated that <em>PN</em>_<em>cb</em> and <em>PN</em>_<em>et</em> jointly control CFE (R² ​= ​0.73). Additionally, a global meta-analysis further confirmed the global applicability of the model (R² ​= ​0.75). The N addition gradient experiment revealed that higher N levels significantly alleviated the negative impacts of <em>PN</em>_<em>cb</em> and <em>PN</em>_<em>et</em> constraints on the CFE. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis showed that N fertilizer application indirectly influenced CFE by regulating <em>PN</em>_<em>cb</em> (path coefficient of 0.74) and <em>PN</em>_<em>et</em> (path coefficient of 0.80), with the role of N allocation strategies being significantly stronger than the direct effect of N fertilizer (path coefficient of 0.49). These findings highlight the critical role of the foliar N allocation strategy in CFE. This study broadens our understanding of the synergistic regulation mechanisms between carbon and N in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 230-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145449218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice-based cropping systems in Brazil: Irrigated and rainfed","authors":"Giovana Ghisleni Ribas ,&nbsp;Alexandre Bryan Heinemann ,&nbsp;Luís Fernando Stone ,&nbsp;Adriano Pereira de Castro ,&nbsp;Nereu Augusto Streck ,&nbsp;Alberto Baêta dos Santos ,&nbsp;Michel Rocha da Silva ,&nbsp;Silvio Steinmetz ,&nbsp;Camille Flores Soares ,&nbsp;Alencar Junior Zanon","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazil, a major global rice producer outside Asia, has two key rice-growing regions: subtropical lowlands, where irrigated rice accounts for 78% of national production (1.1 ​Mha), and tropical uplands, covering 0.31 ​Mha of rainfed rice. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of rice-based cropping systems in Brazil, discussing agronomic management, sustainability challenges, and potential improvements. The integration of rice, soybean, and pasture systems has enhanced land-use efficiency, soil health, and productivity. Irrigation practices, soil fertility management, and pest control strategies play a crucial role in maximizing yield. Additionally, climate-smart agriculture and no-till adoption are emerging as key strategies for mitigating environmental impacts and improving resilience. Despite advancements, challenges such as climate variability, weed resistance, and water-use efficiency remain critical. This review highlights the importance of continued research and innovation in sustainable rice-based systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 256-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotyping genetic advances of wheat under Mediterranean conditions using stable isotopes and high-resolution aerial and satellite multispectral data","authors":"Joel Segarra ,&nbsp;Nieves Aparicio ,&nbsp;Shawn C. Kefauver ,&nbsp;Ayesha Rukhsar ,&nbsp;Jose M. Arjona ,&nbsp;Jose L. Araus","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wheat genetic advances have stagnated in recent years despite genetic gains made during the Green Revolution. Thus, this research evaluated wheat varieties released during pre-Green Revolution (landraces and old varieties) and post-Green Revolution periods. The study was conducted under rainfed conditions over four seasons (2020–2021 to 2023–2024). For one season (2021–2022), we employed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellite-based (Skysat) high-resolution imagery. These methods were complemented by analyses of the stable carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) of the grains over three crop seasons, the oxygen isotope composition (δ¹⁸O) of stem-base water during the 2022–2023 season, and agronomic data collected throughout all seasons. This study aimed to examine changes in phenotypic characteristics across successive breeding periods. The increase in grain yield between pre- and post-Green Revolution varieties was stronger when assessed under conditions without water stress. However, landraces showed higher yield stability than post-Green Revolution varieties. There was no significant genetic gain in yield or grain protein content across the varieties released since the Green Revolution under low rainfall conditions, whereas under wetter conditions, the genetic gain in yield was evidenced at 0.88​% yearly. In terms of phenotypic characteristics, more productive varieties were associated with improved water status (indicated by lower grain δ¹³C values), reflecting deeper water extraction (indicated by lower stem δ¹⁸O values). Vegetation indices measured at the aerial level correlated slightly better with wheat grain yield than Skysat imagery. Among the vegetation indices evaluated, the chlorophyll vegetation index (CVI) was the most effective at distinguishing breeding period groups of varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 271-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological mechanisms for increased grain protein content under experimental warming conditions in double rice cropping system","authors":"Shan Huang ,&nbsp;Haiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xueming Tan ,&nbsp;Haiyan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Pan ,&nbsp;Yongjun Zeng ,&nbsp;Guanjun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The underlying mechanisms of warming effects on rice protein content have not been thoroughly investigated in the double rice cropping system. Here, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to clarify the physiological mechanisms related to nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation under warming. The results showed that warming significantly increased albumin (16.7%), globulin (2.9%), and glutelin (26.1%) contents in early rice, while it increased prolamin (6.3%) and glutelin (13.4%) contents in late rice. The increased protein content under warming was associated with the elevated N concentration in the panicle, which was partly caused by the enhanced N uptake in early rice but not in late rice. A ¹⁵N pot experiment demonstrated that warming improved total N uptake from soil in both early and late rice; however, N uptake from fertilizer was increased and decreased by warming in early and late rice, respectively, resulting in improved total N uptake in early rice but not in late rice. Additionally, our results confirmed that increased soil net N mineralization rate and root activity contributed to the increased N uptake from soil under warming for both early and late rice. Furthermore, the activities of key enzymes, including glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamate-pyruvate transferase, were increased, while protein hydrolysis was suppressed by warming in both early and late rice. Our findings indicate that the increase in protein components under warming conditions is due to improved N uptake in early rice and increased protein synthesis in both early and late rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 217-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145449217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trampling-induced ethylene production delays spikelet initiation in spring wheat","authors":"Akina Mizumoto ,&nbsp;Daisuke Sasayama ,&nbsp;Riona Osaki ,&nbsp;Kota Nishimura ,&nbsp;Tetsushi Azuma","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early sowing of spring wheat increases the risk of frost injury due to premature spikelet initiation under low temperatures. While trampling has been reported to delay spikelet initiation, its physiological mechanism remains unclear. We attempted to explain the delayed spikelet initiation caused by trampling in terms of the involvement of ethylene. The role of ethylene in trampling was investigated in the spring wheat cultivar Ayahikari by measuring ethylene production after trampling and applying the ethylene-releasing agent ethephon and the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The effects of trampling and ethylene on the expression of <em>VERNALIZATION1</em> (<em>Vrn1</em>) and <em>FLOWERING LOCUS T</em> (<em>FT</em>), key regulators of spikelet initiation, were also examined. Trampling significantly increased ethylene production and delayed young spike development. Exogenous application of ethephon mimicked the effect of trampling on young spike development, while 1-MCP reversed this effect. Furthermore, trampling suppressed the expression of <em>Vrn1</em> and <em>FT</em>, similar to the effects observed in ethephon-treated plants. The present study indicated that ethylene mediated the effect of trampling on young spike development likely through the suppression of <em>Vrn1</em> and <em>FT</em> expression, ultimately causing a delay in spikelet initiation. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation and highlight trampling as a potential agronomic strategy for mitigating frost risk in early-sown spring wheat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 168-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean crops with short duration are prone to nitrogen limitation in high-yielding subtropical environments","authors":"Guilherme Guerin Munareto ,&nbsp;Nicolas Cafaro La Menza ,&nbsp;Eduardo Lago Tagliapietra ,&nbsp;Lucia Bonfanti ,&nbsp;César Eugenio Quintero ,&nbsp;Alexandre Ferigolo Alves ,&nbsp;Nereu Augusto Streck ,&nbsp;Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura da Silva ,&nbsp;Fabio Ricardo Marin ,&nbsp;Alencar Junior Zanon","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The asynchrony between soil nitrogen (N) and biological N₂ fixation results in N limitation in soybean crops. The crop duration can potentially alter the asynchrony and N limitation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soybean crop duration on N limitation. Seventeen field experiments were conducted in subtropical environments in Brazil with different crop durations: short (102–114 ​d), medium (115–126 ​d), and long (&gt;126 ​d). A full-N fertilizer treatment that synchronized crop N demand and supply throughout crop development was compared with zero-N treatment. Seed yield, protein and oil concentrations, and seed weight and number were determined. The short duration crop was the only one with seed yield response to N supply (0.74 ​Mg ​ha⁻¹; 15.5 ​%). When the long duration crop was fertilized with N, seed protein concentration increased without a trade-off in oil concentration. The N response on seed yield increased by ca. 48 ​kg ​ha⁻¹ per day, when crop duration was shorter than 123 ​d. While the protein yield response increased linearly from long to short crop duration, the oil yield response followed a bi-linear trend. We conclude that N limitation on seed yield in subtropical environments increased as the soybean crop duration decreased below 123 ​d, while the N limitation on seed protein concentration occurred across all crop durations. The intensification of the subtropical soybean-based cropping systems will require increasing soil N to avoid seed protein and yield reductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 185-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV-based phenotyping identifies net assimilation rate as a diagnostic trait for synergistic enhancement of rice yield and grain quality","authors":"Weiyuan Hong ,&nbsp;Xiangqian Feng ,&nbsp;Ziqiu Li ,&nbsp;Jinhua Qin ,&nbsp;Huaxing Wu ,&nbsp;Yunbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Guang Chu ,&nbsp;Chunmei Xu ,&nbsp;Kai Yu ,&nbsp;Yuanhui Liu ,&nbsp;Danying Wang ,&nbsp;Song Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving rice yield-quality synergy, which is critical for breeding and agronomic practice, is hindered by dynamic regulatory gaps due to methodological constraints, while high-throughput unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) phenotyping can enable breakthroughs by decoding dynamic traits at scale. This study conducted five experiments (EXP, 2022–2024; including nitrogen fertilization, multi-cultivar, and breeding material experiments) with UAV-based phenotyping to establish trait estimation models (EXP1-EXP3), enabling dissection of trait-specific contributions to yield-quality synergies via regression, multi-objective optimization, and path analysis (EXP4-EXP5), and identifying diagnostic traits in practice. Using UAV data, effective regression models were developed to monitor five rice traits: plant height (R² ​= ​0.89), aboveground biomass (R² ​= ​0.84), leaf area index (R² ​= ​0.61), canopy nitrogen content (R² ​= ​0.68), and leaf nitrogen content (R² ​= ​0.83), thereby systematically establishing 37 critical plant traits across the growth stages. Furthermore, feature importance analysis using extreme gradient boosting (R² ​= ​0.99) assessed the importance of these traits for yield and grain quality, and four common traits that were crucial for both yield and grain quality were identified. Notably, the synergistic yield-quality group exhibited 26.38–51.76% higher net assimilation rate (NAR) than the low-performance group (validated by multi-objective optimization), positioning NAR as a diagnostic marker for yield-quality synergistic enhancement. Path analysis revealed that NAR exerted positive effects on yield and grain quality, while yield indirectly influenced grain quality through eating quality. Overall, this study integrated UAV-based phenotyping and trait analysis, providing a novel insight into the synergistic enhancement of yield and grain quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 154-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of rice‒rapeseed cropping system in China: towards sustainable development","authors":"Xinyuan Cao,&nbsp;Jianliang Huang,&nbsp;Guangsheng Zhou,&nbsp;Nanyan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice–rapeseed, one of the most important cropping systems in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV), plays a vital role in ensuring both staple food and vegetable oil security in China. Since the 1960s, the system has undergone a rapid area expansion in YRV, with the total area relatively stable in the last two decades while experiencing a spatial shift towards the upper and middle reaches of YRV. Meanwhile, system yield growth has shown a slowing trend, primarily due to the stagnant rice yield and rapid decrease in rapeseed relative yield gain. However, the system production still has considerable room to increase because of the large relative yield gap of more than 50% in rapeseed season and extensive winter fallow fields that can expand rapeseed planting in YRV. To increase system yield, major yield-limiting factors and optimal agronomic management practices were identified, focusing on the aspects of crop establishment, variety selection, fertilizer application, residue return, and water management. We then thoroughly summarized the environmental impacts of carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as possible benefits and adverse effects of climate change. Furthermore, the challenges of enhancing mechanization and economic profits and perspectives of future research directions were discussed to promote the long-term sustainability and productivity of the rice-rapeseed cropping system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 192-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}