单唑叶面施用通过改变水稻茎秆形态和解剖性状提高水稻抗倒伏能力

Wujun Zhang , Xiujian Duan , Maoyu Li , Bin Du , Zimeng Liang , Yu Wang , Yongqun Tang , Jingyong Li , Xiong Yao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在中国四川盆地,倒伏是制约水稻生产的一个因素。然而,茎秆抗倒伏的机制,特别是植物生长调节剂对茎秆抗倒伏的调控机制尚不清楚。以育香203 (YX203)和cliangyou化单(CLYHZ)为材料,采用3种叶片施用量,对水稻茎秆抗倒伏特性及其形态解剖机制进行了为期2年的田间研究。结果表明,与2019年相比,2020年水稻产量显著下降,倒伏指数(LI)显著升高;单硝唑处理使YX203和CLYHZ的水稻产量分别提高4.6% ~ 11.2%和2.1% ~ 7.0%,LI含量分别降低21.1% ~ 33.9%和11.4% ~ 29.6%。单唑唑处理使基间节间长度缩短19.5% ~ 33.0% (YX203)和24.7% ~ 40.7% (CLYHZ),株高显著降低。单唑唑处理增加了两个品种的机械组织厚度、小维管束和大维管束面积以及茎秆直径,并进一步提高了两个品种的断裂强度。叶面施用单硝唑增加了细胞壁成分,包括纤维素和木质素,从而产生更致密的厚壁细胞,增加了机械组织的厚度和维管束的面积。这些结果表明,施用单硝唑可以通过增加机械组织厚度和增大大小维管束面积来增强茎秆的机械强度,从而提高水稻植株的抗倒伏能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Foliar uniconazole application increases rice lodging resistance by altering stem morphological and anatomical traits
Lodging is a limiting factor for rice production in the Sichuan Basin, China. However, the mechanisms of stem lodging resistance, especially its regulation by plant growth regulators are still unclear. A two-year field study, by using the three foliar application rates of uniconazole with two rice varieties, Yuxiang203 (YX203) and Cliangyouhuazhan (CLYHZ), was conducted to determine stem lodging resistance and its morphological and anatomical mechanisms in rice plants. The results revealed that, compared with 2019, the grain yield in 2020 significantly decreased, while the lodging index (LI) significantly increased. Uniconazole treatment increased the rice yield by 4.6%–11.2% and 2.1%–7.0%, and decreased LI by 21.1%–33.9% and 11.4%–29.6% in YX203 and CLYHZ, respectively. Uniconazole treatment shortened the length of the basal internodes by 19.5%–33.0% (YX203) and 24.7%–40.7% (CLYHZ), resulting in a significant reduction in plant height. Uniconazole treatment increased the mechanical tissue thickness, areas of small and larger vascular bundles, and culm diameter, and further increased the breaking strength of the two varieties. Cell wall components, including cellulose and lignin, were increased by foliar application of uniconazole, thereby creating denser sclerenchyma cells and increasing the thickness of the mechanical tissue and area of the vascular bundle. These results suggest that the application of uniconazole enhances stem mechanical strength via increased mechanical tissue thickness and larger areas of small and large vascular bundles, thereby improving the lodging resistance of rice plants.
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