{"title":"Optimization Strategy for Continuous Control Set Model Predictive Control in Three-Phase Four-Wire Three-Level Inverter","authors":"Aiwen Qu;Yixin Zhang;Jianhua Xue","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00005","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the output voltage quality and system efficiency of a three-phase four-wire (3P4W) three-level inverter under unbalanced load conditions, this paper proposes an optimization strategy for continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) based on hybrid modulation. First, an active damping method employing a notch filter is integrated into the CCSMPC to suppress resonance caused by load-filter interactions, improving the output voltage quality. Phase correction is also applied to the output voltage reference generated via two-step prediction. Second, based on neutral-point (NP) voltage balancing control, a fuzzy logic algorithm (FLA)-based hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) method is proposed to further increase system efficiency. The FLA evaluates NP voltage fluctuation amplitude and balancing capability to adaptively determine whether to disassemble the O switching state, enabling optimal combination of dual-carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and double modulation wave carrier-based pulse width modulation (DMW-CBPWM). Compared with traditional zero-level disassembly (ZD) method, the proposed FLA-based HPWM method maintains NP voltage balance while achieving higher system efficiency. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategy are verified by simulation and experiment results.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 2","pages":"138-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11431141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiqiang Zhang;Yunfei Wang;Jihui Ma;Yuanbin Long;Huimin Wang
{"title":"A Thermal Model with the Capability of Characterizing Thermal Coupling Effects for Multi-Chip Power Modules","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhang;Yunfei Wang;Jihui Ma;Yuanbin Long;Huimin Wang","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00004","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate thermal characterizations of power modules are beneficial for design and operation of power converters with the assistance of thermal models. However, the thermal coupling effects (TCEs) may degrade the performance of thermal models, and this becomes more pronounced in multi-chip power modules. To address this, a thermal model that enables to characterize different types of TCEs is presented in this paper. In the proposed thermal model, the properties of the classical thermal models are first provided. Then, different types of TCEs in multi-chip power modules are thoroughly analyzed. It is revealed from the analysis that the TCEs will affect the junction temperature distributions and heat flows, and distinct thermal behaviors are observed with different TCEs. Afterward, the thermal parameters including the self-thermal parameters and the coupling thermal parameters are extracted, and accordingly, the proposed thermal model is obtained. With the proposed thermal model, accurate thermal characterizations for multi-chip power modules are performed. Finally, taking typical insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules as a case study, the validity of the proposed thermal model under various conditions is confirmed through extensive experimental testing.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 2","pages":"125-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11495429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhan'anxin Tong;Jianhui Su;Shiyu Wang;Yan Du;Meiqin Mao
{"title":"Metal Foreign Object Detection in ICPT System via Multi-Parameter Information Fusion: Based on Transfer Dictionary Learning","authors":"Zhan'anxin Tong;Jianhui Su;Shiyu Wang;Yan Du;Meiqin Mao","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the reliability challenge of metal foreign object detection (FOD) in inductive coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems, a fault classification strategy based on incremental transfer dual-dictionary learning is first proposed. The method first constructs a safety dictionary and a base foreign object dictionary, and introduces a reconstruction error ratio as a decision criterion to achieve fault diagnosis of metal foreign objects. Subsequently, to further enhance generalization capability, incremental transfer learning is integrated to improve the dictionary model. This involves dynamically updating the foreign object dictionary using small samples of unknown metals, with atom addition and fine-tuning to quickly adapt to new foreign object features. Finally, the trained model is evaluated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a recall rate of over 95% for unfamiliar metal foreign objects after transfer, verifying the effectiveness of the detection approach. This method retains the advantages of unsupervised learning while requiring no detection coils, significantly enhancing its adaptability to complex application scenarios.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 2","pages":"211-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11498585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Interoperability of Unsymmetrical Charging Coils for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"Sushan Pradhan;Avishek Munsi;Kunwar Aditya","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the interoperability of un-symmetrical transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coil geometries for wireless charging of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It evaluates the coupling performance of circular, double-D (DD), and bipolar (BP) coil structures under various excitation modes to identify configurations that minimize sensitivity to misalignment. The study analyses BP coils under both 0° and 180° excitation modes and DD coils in a conventional configuration. Finite element analysis (FEA) using Ansys Maxwell and experimental validation through hardware implementation were conducted to examine magnetic coupling across air gaps (10 to 100 mm) and lateral misalignments (±250 mm). The interoperability assessment identified the circular Tx-Rx coil pair as the most robust solution, achieving a nominal coupling coefficient <tex>$(kapprox 0.2)$</tex> at a 50 mm air gap with misalignment tolerance of ±50 mm in both <tex>$x$</tex> and <tex>$y$</tex> directions. BP (0°) excitation mode demonstrated improved misalignment tolerance but required a reduced air gap for optimal coupling, while DD configurations showed stronger coupling along specific misalignment axes but were more sensitive to positional deviations. The findings emphasize the importance of coil geometry and excitation mode in enhancing UAV wireless charging performance. This research provides comprehensive guidelines for optimizing Tx-Rx coil interoperability, with the circular coil pair emerging as the most effective design for stable and efficient power transfer under real-world misalignment conditions.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 2","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11495428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Luo;Guifeng Wang;Qigang DU;Jinling JI;Weipeng Shi;Ke LI
{"title":"Single-Phase Independent Model Predictive Control for Open-End Winding Motor Fed by Dual Three-Level Inverters","authors":"Chao Luo;Guifeng Wang;Qigang DU;Jinling JI;Weipeng Shi;Ke LI","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2025.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2025.00044","url":null,"abstract":"For open-end winding induction motor (OEWIM) fed by dual three-level inverters, traditional model predictive current control (MPCC) suffers from issues such as excessive vector enumeration, complex control algorithm design, and slow dynamic response. This paper proposes a low voltage jump single-phase independent model predictive current control (LVJ-SPI-MPCC) method. Firstly, by establishing a single-phase independent predictive current model, the independent prediction and optimization of the switching states for each phase leg are achieved, reducing the number of optimal switching state selections per control cycle from 729 to 27. Secondly, to suppress phase voltage jumps, a switching state selection rule based on a voltage jump constraint is proposed, constructing a collaborative optimization strategy for low voltage jump and single-phase independent control. This limits the phase voltage jump within the range of <tex>$pm U_{text{dc}}/2$</tex> and further reduces the predictive computations per cycle to 15. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on MATLAB/Simulink simulations and the Typhoon HIL 402 experimental platform. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the computational burden and improves the system's dynamic response speed while ensuring control accuracy.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"78-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11370647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Single-Phase Switched Capacitor Based Five-Level Inverter With Double Gain for Grid-Tied PV Applications","authors":"Palakurthi Ravali;Annamalai Kirubakaran","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2025.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2025.00041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new single-phase, switched-capacitor-based five-level inverter with double voltage gain, designed for renewable energy applications. The topology utilizes switched capacitors (SCs) alongside a simple T-type converter and a half-bridge circuit with self-voltage balancing capability, eliminating the need for additional sensors to balance the capacitors. Furthermore, a midpoint clamping neutral is incorporated to reduce leakage current and common-mode voltage, making it particularly suitable for photovoltaic applications. A simple proportional-resonant (PR) controller is employed for grid current control, while a straightforward level-shifted pulse-width modulation (LS-PWM) technique generates the five-level output voltage waveform using two carrier signals, simplifying control complexity. An experimental setup is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed topology with <tex>$R$</tex> and RL loads under both steady-state and dynamic conditions, as well as grid-tied operation. Capacitor voltage balancing and the effect of the modulation index are also presented. Moreover, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) cosimulation is performed for grid control using Xilinx System Generator blocks in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, with the results provided. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison highlights the advantages of the proposed topology compared to recent solutions reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11351960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Improved FCS-MPC Algorithm for Three-Phase Three-Level T-Type Off-Grid Inverters Based on Current Tracking","authors":"Jinyu LV;Yinke Dou;Yu Zhang","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy for three-phase three-level T-type off-grid inverters, with the aim of optimizing current tracking performance. First, the voltage vector function range and the subsector regions are redefined with the integration of the voltage vector synthesis concept, which helps reduce current ripples and thus total harmonic distortions. Then, to promote neutral point potential balance, a time compensation mechanism is introduced, complementing the passive balance through voltage vector synthesis. To address the issue of high computational complexity, a two-step sector determination strategy is proposed. The proposed FCS-MPC is both tested through simulation and experiment. Compared with the conventional approach, the proposed strategy shows superior results in terms of algorithm execution time, neutral potential balance, steady-state performance, and dynamic response.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11431164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lijuan Zhang;Yucong Zhao;Gaojia Zhu;Longnv LI;Yunhui Mei
{"title":"A Graph-Based Layout Automation Approach for Three-Level SiC Power Modules Considering Complex Mutual-Inductance","authors":"Lijuan Zhang;Yucong Zhao;Gaojia Zhu;Longnv LI;Yunhui Mei","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2025.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2025.00040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the challenges of automatically designing low-inductance, compact three-level SiC power modules. The graph-based layout design automation method has the merit of seeking all possible solutions but may result in a significant calculation burden when considering complex mutual-inductance influences. To overcome this limitation, an efficient analytical method is developed to calculate parasitic inductance with mutual-inductance effects considered. Comparisons with numerical and experimental results prove the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed analytical method. A graph-based layout automation approach is developed, enabling multi-objective optimization of parasitic inductance and module footprint by incorporating mutual inductance. The method is applied to a three-level SiC module featuring six chips (four MOSFETs and two diodes). Pareto front solutions are analyzed to identify optimal tradeoffs between inductance and compactness, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in enhancing design efficiency and performance for high-efficiency power electronics applications.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11370562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frequency Response of Power System Load-Side Asynchronous Motors Considering ROCOF","authors":"Yunlu LI;Zhouying Liu;Guotao Song;Jinliang Huang","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2025.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2025.00039","url":null,"abstract":"Load-side asynchronous motors (AMs) inherently lower rotor speeds during frequency dips, reducing active power absorption and delivering vital inertial support. However, existing frequency regulation strategies overlook the dual objectives, neglecting frequency response adaptability and induction motor operational stability. This paper proposes a segmented rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) control strategy for AM-based primary frequency regulation. First, ROCOF is divided into distinct intervals. In low ROCOF regions, AMs leverage natural electromechanical transients to stabilize frequency. In medium-high ROCOF regions, coordinated control AMs, which incorporate with variable-frequency asynchronous motors (VFAMs) using adaptive droop coefficients are deployed. This coordination maximizes frequency support while maintaining VFAMs' stability. An adaptive model predictive control (MPC) framework is then designed to optimize dynamic frequency tracking for VFAMs. Simulations and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) validate the strategy under uncertain system disturbances. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed approach elevates frequency nadirs, confirming enhanced transient performance, while maintaining normal operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11351966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias J. Kasper;Giuseppe Bernacchia;Kevin Tomas Manez;Alessandro Pevere;Neha Nain;Gerald Deboy
{"title":"Power Conversion Solutions for Future Server Boards Operating Directly From High-Voltage DC","authors":"Matthias J. Kasper;Giuseppe Bernacchia;Kevin Tomas Manez;Alessandro Pevere;Neha Nain;Gerald Deboy","doi":"10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2026.00003","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid scaling of accelerated computing is pushing rack power well beyond 1 MW, making conventional 48 V distribution increasingly inefficient due to busbar and connector currents. High-voltage DC (HVDC) distribution (e.g., 800 V) enables lower distribution losses and motivates server boards that interface directly to an HVDC bus. This paper addresses two enabling building blocks on the server board: (i) safe hotswap and eFuse functionality with controlled pre-charging and telemetry, and (ii) high-power-density conversion from 800 V to intermediate-bus voltages. For hot-swap, a 1200 V-rated SiC JFET cascode is evaluated in linear mode and demonstrated to pre-charge 300 μF from 0 V to 800 V in approximately 1.5 s while staying within the device SOA limits. For power conversion, an unregulated LLC-DCX approach is investigated. An 800 V-to-50 V input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) half-bridge converter using GaN switches on the primary and secondary side and a matrix transformer reaches 98.1% efficiency at full load and a peak efficiency above 98.4<sup>%</sup>. A direct 800 V-to-12 V converter prototype achieves 97% at 6 kW and 98.2% peak efficiency.","PeriodicalId":100339,"journal":{"name":"CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11431142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}