Corrosion Communications最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
A pure tetragonal europium-doped yttrium-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating: Phase structure and luminescence 一种纯四方掺铕钇稳定氧化锆热障涂层:相结构和发光
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.003
Xiaoping Lai , Jie Wang , Xin Wang , Kuo Jiang , Weizhi Tian , Baowen Xu
{"title":"A pure tetragonal europium-doped yttrium-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating: Phase structure and luminescence","authors":"Xiaoping Lai ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Kuo Jiang ,&nbsp;Weizhi Tian ,&nbsp;Baowen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>YSZ:Eu powder was prepared by sol spray pyrolysis method. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) composed of Eu<sup>3+</sup>-doped pure tetragonal yttrium-stabilized zirconia (namely, YSZ:Eu) were fabricated by air-plasma spraying technique. Crystal structure and fluorescence intensity of YSZ:Eu coating were investigated after aging at 1200 °C for 5 − 100 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that tetragonal phase in YSZ:Eu coating had high resistance to degradation over a wide range of time periods and temperatures. Luminescence results indicate that asymmetry ratios of the fluorescence emission spectra were stable in a range of 1.2 ± 0.2. Relationships between phase structure and lattice distortion were further studied by fluorescence spectroscopy measurement using <em>I</em><sub>606</sub>/<em>I</em><sub>590</sub> intensity ratio. The fluorescence results were consistent with those drawn by XRD, where the high stability of YSZ:Eu coating was confirmed. Excellent thermal stability, in terms of both the phase structure and luminescence intensity, of YSZ:Eu coating indicates that the present preparation method is suitable for phosphor powder applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667266923000440/pdfft?md5=4c64550255a5c789cb41784d0165503d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667266923000440-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138501925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Co-WO3 composite coating on ferritic stainless steel interconnects 铁素体不锈钢互连器件上的 Co-WO3 复合涂层
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2023.06.001
Xueqi Zhao, Shujiang Geng, Gang Chen, Fuihui Wang
{"title":"Co-WO3 composite coating on ferritic stainless steel interconnects","authors":"Xueqi Zhao,&nbsp;Shujiang Geng,&nbsp;Gang Chen,&nbsp;Fuihui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to apply Co-WO<sub>3</sub> composite coating to SUS 430 steel interconnects for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnects, a combination of electrophoresis and electroplating is used, followed by thermal energy exposure to ambient temperature at 800 ℃ for up to 5 weeks. The thermal growth of the oxide scale displays a tri-layer structure with a Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer in the inner part, a CoWO<sub>4</sub> layer in the middle and (Co,Fe)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layer in the outer part. Co-WO<sub>3</sub> coating produces an oxide layer that not only prevents Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> development and outward transport of Cr species but also enhances the electrical behavior of the surface scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667266923000464/pdfft?md5=5f5b8badd72d5b4f1cbfae4a551efc44&pid=1-s2.0-S2667266923000464-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A synergistic experimental and computational study on CO2 corrosion of X65 carbon steel under dispersed droplets within oil/water mixtures 油水混合物中分散液滴作用下 X65 碳钢的二氧化碳腐蚀协同实验与计算研究
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2023.07.001
Wenlong Ma , Hanxiang Wang , Hongda Guo , Long Cai , Xin Li , Yong Hua
{"title":"A synergistic experimental and computational study on CO2 corrosion of X65 carbon steel under dispersed droplets within oil/water mixtures","authors":"Wenlong Ma ,&nbsp;Hanxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Hongda Guo ,&nbsp;Long Cai ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yong Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The CO<sub>2</sub> corrosion behaviour of X65 carbon steel under water-in-oil droplet and oil-in-water droplet was systematically investigated by a combination of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, NPFLex3D and COMSOL simulation. Under the water-in-oil droplet, the formation of crystalline FeCO<sub>3</sub> can be contributed to the high concentration of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>, and the short diffusion path near the droplet edge promotes FeCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation. Under the oil-in-water droplet, corrosion islands caused by the invasion of water can be found, indicating that the small water droplets emphasised the development of localized corrosion underneath the oil droplet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 64-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667266923000452/pdfft?md5=81f993aee5b751cd234a14db823fea93&pid=1-s2.0-S2667266923000452-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138570200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving fire retardancy of Ti alloys with a refractory ceramic barrier layer 用耐火陶瓷阻挡层提高钛合金的阻燃性
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.002
Lin Chen, Yu Dong, Yun-Qi Tong, Mei-Jun Liu, Guan-Jun Yang
{"title":"Improving fire retardancy of Ti alloys with a refractory ceramic barrier layer","authors":"Lin Chen,&nbsp;Yu Dong,&nbsp;Yun-Qi Tong,&nbsp;Mei-Jun Liu,&nbsp;Guan-Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reliable service of indispensable titanium alloys in aeroengines is limited by the bottleneck problem of titanium fires. In this study, a tri-layer fire retardant coating with a bi-functional ceramic barrier layer is proposed to suppress titanium fire. Results show that the current coating can increase the fire retardant temperature by ≥ 300 K under droplet ignition. Thermal barrier effect of the YSZ refractory ceramic layer significantly reduces Ti alloy temperature, and oxygen barrier effect prevents active Ti from directly contacting oxygen during the entire ablation process. Therefore, the two barrier effects effectively prevent occurrence of titanium fire. In addition, dissolution of the Ni-based abradable seal coating makes burning TC4 molten droplet extinguished in a short time, thus further inhibiting titanium fire ignition. The present study provides an effective method for reliable service and titanium fire-resistant design of titanium alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667266923000427/pdfft?md5=627d43a5ad03831f1293dd50b726eb90&pid=1-s2.0-S2667266923000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138466252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding pit initiation of pipeline steel X100 under cathodic protection potential fluctuating with various duty cycles 了解X100管线钢在阴极保护电位随占空比波动情况下的起坑现象
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.001
Mingjie Dai , Y. Frank Cheng , Zhen Wang , Feng Huang , Qian Hu , Jing Liu
{"title":"Understanding pit initiation of pipeline steel X100 under cathodic protection potential fluctuating with various duty cycles","authors":"Mingjie Dai ,&nbsp;Y. Frank Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Huang ,&nbsp;Qian Hu ,&nbsp;Jing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corcom.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The square wave polarisation technique and mathematical/electrochemical models were combined to investigate pitting corrosion of pipeline steel X100 under cathodic protection potential fluctuations with different duty cycles (<em>δ</em>). Mathematical equations were derived to describe the increased potential of the double-charge layer at the steel/solution interface, which increases density from 1100 mm<sup>−2</sup> (<em>δ</em> = 10%) to over 6600 mm<sup>−2</sup> (<em>δ</em> = 50%). However, an electrochemical model was developed to present the formation of an amorphous corrosion product layer, which reduces the number of local anodic corrosion areas and decreases pitting density when <em>δ</em> is higher than 50%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667266923000403/pdfft?md5=f89a84dd7940ee32a425d24dc637aa84&pid=1-s2.0-S2667266923000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zirconium-based conversion coating modified by different amount of chitosan on hot-dip Zn-Al alloy coated steel sheet 不同量壳聚糖改性锆基转化涂层在热镀锌铝合金钢板上的应用
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2023.01.004
Jie Pan , Ya-jing Ding , Rui-cheng Zhao , Jian Zhang , Yan Li
{"title":"Zirconium-based conversion coating modified by different amount of chitosan on hot-dip Zn-Al alloy coated steel sheet","authors":"Jie Pan ,&nbsp;Ya-jing Ding ,&nbsp;Rui-cheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2023.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2023.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitosan (CTS) as an environment-friendly biological macromolecule was applied to investigate its effect in improving the property of zirconium-based Cr(III) conversion coating on Zn-55Al-1.6Si coated steel sheet (Zn55Al). High-resolution transmission electron microscope gave the key evidence that CTS can effectively wrap the main film-forming substances and participate in the construction of Zr@CTS-TCC. A comparative analysis of electrochemical measurements showed that the addition of 0.2 g·L<sup>–1</sup> CTS can improve the corrosion resistance of Zr@CTS-TCC and decrease the surface density of micro defects. Surface spectroscopy characterization provided a theoretical explanation for the role of CTS as an electron supplier in reduction of Cr(VI). Results demonstrate the potential of CTS as an environmentally friendly and effective cross-linking additive, which provides an alternative approach in developing next generation of trivalent chromium or chromium-free passivator for nonferrous alloy and their coatings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49715823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of a corrosion product film on the corrosion behavior of Mg-Al alloy with micro-alloying of yttrium in a chloride solution 腐蚀产物膜对钇微合金化mg -铝合金在氯化物溶液中腐蚀行为的影响
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2022.10.002
Yao Yang , Sijun Cao , Tao Ying , Fuyong Cao , Jingya Wang , Qingchun Zhu , Xiaoqin Zeng
{"title":"The effects of a corrosion product film on the corrosion behavior of Mg-Al alloy with micro-alloying of yttrium in a chloride solution","authors":"Yao Yang ,&nbsp;Sijun Cao ,&nbsp;Tao Ying ,&nbsp;Fuyong Cao ,&nbsp;Jingya Wang ,&nbsp;Qingchun Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Micro-alloying Mg alloys with rare earth elements is an economical and promising way to improve their corrosion resistance. It is of great importance to understand their corrosion behavior for designing corrosion-resistant Mg alloys. In this work, Mg-11Al-0.2Y alloy was prepared for exploring its corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt.% neutral NaCl solution. It exhibits a low corrosion current density of 2.3 µA/cm<sup>2</sup> after immersion for 1 d due to the formation of a protective surface film containing Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>. However, nano-scaled pores exhibit at the film/matrix interface, which undermines integrity and protectiveness of the surface film after long-term exposure to chloride solution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Microstructure and corrosion behavior of welded joint between 2507 super duplex stainless steel and E690 low alloy steel 2507超级双相不锈钢与E690低合金钢焊接接头的组织与腐蚀行为
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2022.08.005
Liwei Wang , Yi Ding , Qiankun Lu , Zhao Guo , Yuxi Liu , Zhongyu Cui
{"title":"Microstructure and corrosion behavior of welded joint between 2507 super duplex stainless steel and E690 low alloy steel","authors":"Liwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Qiankun Lu ,&nbsp;Zhao Guo ,&nbsp;Yuxi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongyu Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2022.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2022.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microstructure and corrosion behavior of welded joints between super duplex stainless steel 2507 and low alloy steel E690 were characterized herein. The joints are composed of base metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the two steels, weld metal, and dilution zone at the interface between weld metal and HAZ of E690 steel. Concentration gradients of Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mo exist between fusion boundary and Type-II boundary, and martensite band with a high hardness is formed. The changes of microstructure, element diffusion in different regions, and local acidification in E690 HAZ lead to heterogeneous corrosion attacks on the welded joints in artificial seawater. After long-term exposure, a corrosion groove is generated at the HAZ of E690 adjacent to the interface, where high stress corrosion cracking vulnerability is expected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tribocorrosion behavior of Co-based self-lubricating composites with varying contents of Ag in NaCl solution 不同银含量co基自润滑复合材料在NaCl溶液中的摩擦腐蚀行为
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2022.10.004
Yang Zhou, Lan Huang, Minghui Chen, Fuhui Wang
{"title":"Tribocorrosion behavior of Co-based self-lubricating composites with varying contents of Ag in NaCl solution","authors":"Yang Zhou,&nbsp;Lan Huang,&nbsp;Minghui Chen,&nbsp;Fuhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2022.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2022.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Majority of self-lubricating composites exhibit a high wear rate due to corrosion. In this study, Co-based self-lubricating composites with addition of Ag were prepared via spark plasma sintering to manage their tribocorrosion resistance. No interfacial reaction occurred after sintering. Their tribocorrosion behavior in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was characterized as a function of applied potentials. In corrosion-free conditions, i.e. applying a cathodic potential (−1 V), the addition of Ag enhances wear rate of the Co-based composites. While in a state of OCP or applying an anodic potential, galvanic corrosion occurs between Ag and Co-matrix. It promotes the formation of a loose oxide film and reserves most silver debris, which contributes synergistically to reduced friction coefficient and wear rate. With the addition of 12 wt.% Ag, Co-based self-lubricating composite exhibits the lowest friction coefficient of 0.09 and wear rate of 3.8 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm) at OCP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49725624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanically-assisted crevice corrosion and its effect on materials degradation 机械辅助缝隙腐蚀及其对材料降解的影响
Corrosion Communications Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2023.01.002
Weichen Xu , Binbin Zhang , Owen Addison , Xiutong Wang , Baorong Hou , Fei Yu
{"title":"Mechanically-assisted crevice corrosion and its effect on materials degradation","authors":"Weichen Xu ,&nbsp;Binbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Owen Addison ,&nbsp;Xiutong Wang ,&nbsp;Baorong Hou ,&nbsp;Fei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.corcom.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corcom.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mechanically-assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) is a synergistic combination of wear and crevice corrosion. The major differences between tribocorrosion, fretting corrosion and MACC relate to the relative scale of motion and contact area, are clarified in this work. Experimental testing methods for MACC and design of simulation apparatuses are compared and discussed. MACC associated with biomedical alloys used as orthopedic implants, screws, and dental implants has been the subject of most recent research regarding this corrosion mechanism. However, there are also many engineering structures where the pre-requisite conditions for MACC are met but have to date received less scientific scrutiny. Examples are tubes and supportive bars/plates constructions, bolt-type structures and rail track foot covered by fastening systems. Reasonable selection of fretting-resistant materials, proper mounting methods and development of lubricating coating and oil/grease would be effective for mitigating MACC, and it is proposed that surface modification regarding contact geometries and surface compliances may have future promise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100337,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Communications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信