Yongbing Chen , Jiawen Hu , Yurui Du , Chaoqun Zhan
{"title":"FDI deregulations and employment","authors":"Yongbing Chen , Jiawen Hu , Yurui Du , Chaoqun Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We empirically investigate whether employment is affected by foreign direct investment (FDI). Empirical results show that the FDI deregulations promote employment by increasing the job creation rate. In addition to the employment expansion of incumbent firms, the FDI deregulations facilitate the entry of new firms, which also contributes to employment. Furthermore, FDI in upstream industries can promote employment in this industry, and FDI from other regions can promote local employment. Finally, a simple estimate shows that about USD 56,900 is required for each job created.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 281-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of real estate market risks on the issuance costs of urban investment bonds: Evidence from China","authors":"Yan Dong, Dingyuan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been widely believed that bond spreads are positively correlated with related market risks. However, some studies in China's urban investment bond (UIB) market indicate that an increase in real estate market risks usually narrows UIB spreads. This article focused on such puzzle and introduced a quadratic form regression to detect a U-shaped relationship between housing price volatility and UIB spreads, which confirms that UIB pricing is actually in consistence with the traditional bond theory. We further indicated that spreads of guaranteed UIBs were barely affected by housing price volatility, and fiscal transparency seemed to mitigate such volatility's impact on the issuance costs of UIBs. Those findings not only illuminate ways of mitigating risks in the UIB market in China using market instruments but also have important implications for how local governments around the world can mitigate their debt-related problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 151-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade unions and the wage gap between rural migrant and local urban workers in China","authors":"Xinxin Ma , Sho Komatsu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study estimates union wage premiums and analyzes the influence of trade unions on the wage gap between rural migrants and local urban workers in China by employing the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method based on national longitudinal survey data from the China Family Panel Studies (2010–2018). The results indicate that the union wage premium among rural migrant workers is greater than that among local urban workers. The disparity in union density widens the wage gap, whereas the difference in union wage premiums narrows the wage gap between the two groups. Moreover, the contribution rate of the former is greater than that of the latter. These results suggest that expanding union coverage among rural migrant workers could effectively contribute to reducing the wage gap.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 133-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666933124000418/pdfft?md5=8a097e40d580a7c7db85d94018391c06&pid=1-s2.0-S2666933124000418-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The return of protectionism: Prospects for Sino-US trade relations in the wake of the trade war","authors":"Hong Ma , Jingxin Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past six years, the Sino-US trade war has not only reshaped the relationship between the world's two largest economies but also profoundly influenced the global economic and trade patterns. This paper reviews the background, process, and implications of the Sino-US trade war, examining its impact on China, the United States, and the broader global trade landscape across various socioeconomic dimensions. We begin by reviewing the development of Sino-US trade relations in the past 20 years. Next we detail the background and evolution of the trade war. We then discuss the economic consequences of the conflict, including the effect of tariff increases on product prices, employment, investment, consumption, and welfare. Finally, we explore the reshaping of supply chains in the aftermath of the trade conflict, and the interaction between trade policies and industrial policies within the context of the Sino-US trade war.</div><div>Existing literature indicates that the Sino-US trade war has resulted in significant welfare losses for both countries, with surprisingly little impact on employment. The tariffs have not achieved the intended outcome set by policymakers. Specifically, the additional tariffs imposed by the United States on China have neither effectively addressed trade imbalances nor brought manufacturing jobs back onshore. Our paper offers a new perspective on the complexity of the current international trade conflict.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 182-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A friend indeed to friends in need? China's trade regime and Covid-19 vaccine diplomacy","authors":"Indra de Soysa , Krishna Chaitanya Vadlamannati","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employing newly available data on Chinese Covid-19 vaccine deliveries for a cross-section of 157 countries, we examine if China's vaccine diplomacy is driven by altruistic, enlightened self-interested motives or by purely strategic motives. According to the enlightened self-interested logic, China's vaccine supply would coincide with helping countries dependent on China for trade, i.e. its trading friends, while the strategic logic would entail providing vaccines to countries important commercially to China. In other words, the gravity of the Covid situation would be leveraged by China for strategic gain. Utilizing the logit estimator on probability of receiving vaccines from China and Tobit estimator on vaccine purchases and donations, we find that developing countries that are important to China's trade, and thereby, China's own commercial interests were less likely to get vaccines compared with countries that are more dependent on China. Furthermore, we find that countries more dependent on China are also likely to receive vaccine donations rather than purchases, suggesting that vaccine diplomacy was unlikely to be for commercial and strategic gain. Our results taken together signify that vaccine deliveries by China were not manipulated by trade interests in Beijing. The results suggest instead that China supplied vaccines to countries needing them and with whom Chinese goodwill reflects a more normal course of diplomacy—to service friends in need.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 212-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting corporate independent innovation through judicial protection of intellectual property rights","authors":"Dong Chen , Shi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of judicial protection of intellectual property rights on firms' independent innovation. Using a staggered difference-in-differences model with panel data from Chinese manufacturing listed businesses (2014–2021) and the successive establishment of intellectual property courts in Chinese prefectural-level cities as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that establishing intellectual property courts in China encourages businesses to accumulate more technology-based intangible assets. Mechanism analysis suggests that judicial intellectual property protection enhances enterprises' independent innovation capacity by establishing a conducive institutional framework. This stimulating effect is particularly significant for industry-leading companies with technological supremacy. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that judicial intellectual property protection increases the generation of patents and trade secrets, with a more pronounced effect on firms receiving higher government research and development subsidies and better tax incentives. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers to encourage corporate independent innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 167-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unexpected environmental pollution: The cross-sector spillover effect of tax administration","authors":"Yu Luo , Ming-ang Zhang , Gaoyi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper draws on a natural experiment generated by the Key Tax Source (KTS) supervision in China to evaluate the impact of strengthening tax administration on firm's emission behavior. Using a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design, we find that KTS supervision by State Administration of Taxation significantly improves firm's SO2 emissions. The mechanism analysis shows that, KTS firms tend to reduce their tax burden by over-emitting pollution; Meanwhile, local governments loosen environmental regulation on the KTS firms, which eventually causes KTS firms to adjust the energy utilization structure and reduce environmental protection investment. Further analysis shows that the pollution emission by KTS firms can be reduced by the implemented of tax credits and the improved environmental regulation standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 94-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666933124000285/pdfft?md5=8b0f6c420ac9e3f360ab35048415d4ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2666933124000285-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141313888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The contraction of Chinese shadow banking and corporate investment behavior: Evidence from the background of the “New Rules on asset management”","authors":"Zhibin Ji , Naide Ye , Dongmin Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Employing the exogenous scenario of the “New Rules on Asset Management” in April 2018, this paper tries to explore the impact of the contraction of Chinese shadow banking on corporate investment behavior. This paper finds that the regulation leads to a 18.3% decrease in capital expenditure for firms relying on shadow banking system prior to the shock. Then, this paper tests three underlying mechanisms, which include the decrease of corporate borrowing, the increase of corporate financing constraints and the reduction of debt maturity. This paper also provides the empirical evidence that the implementation of the “New Rules on Asset Management” optimizes the allocation of capital across firms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666933124000303/pdfft?md5=ad379a2c0abd96a365fe48fd28d78a3b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666933124000303-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The future of cities in the digital economy era: A study on the impact of internet on the agglomeration of producer services in Chinese Cities","authors":"Sixu Wu , Jiewei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We construct an instrumental variable for the Internet penetration rate using China's “8-horizontal-8-longitudinal” optical cable network to identify the impact of the Internet on the agglomeration of producer services in cities. We find that, (i) the Internet promotes the agglomeration of producer services to cities with larger population sizes due to the higher knowledge intensity of large cities; (ii) the Internet can strengthen the role of the expansion of the manufacturing industry in a city or its surrounding areas in promoting producer services agglomeration in large cities, which in turn promotes the agglomeration of producer services to large cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 107-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666933124000297/pdfft?md5=39d47486fc13c19d60d2d035952dcb7f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666933124000297-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chan Wang , Chengxiang Tang , Guoen Liu , Puyan Nie
{"title":"Physician human capital, healthcare accessibility, and mismatch of healthcare resources","authors":"Chan Wang , Chengxiang Tang , Guoen Liu , Puyan Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China's multilevel medical education system generates tremendous physician human capital heterogeneity. This paper attempts to take advantage of the differences level of doctors' human capital to reveal the relationship between healthcare service mismatch and doctors' human capital using the DRGs data of a province in China. This paper found that: first, a higher level of physician human capital (PHC) in hospitals significantly increases the mismatch of medical services; second, there is a complementary effect between doctors' human capital and medical care accessibility, which significantly increases the degree of healthcare service mismatch, and these conclusions still hold after controlling the endogeneity and a series of robustness tests. Third, the mismatch effect is more significant in surgery than that of in internal medicine departments and the mismatch effect is stronger in county hospitals than that of provincial hospitals. Therefore, both patients' great confidence in superior medical services and the heterogeneity of PHC contribute to the mismatch of medical services in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100238,"journal":{"name":"China Economic Quarterly International","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666933124000273/pdfft?md5=75f89b0dc98d00095a4da51b2ac91f68&pid=1-s2.0-S2666933124000273-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}