Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation最新文献_第2页

X-ray computed tomography for fast and non-destructive multiple pearl inspection 用于快速无损多颗珍珠检测的x射线计算机断层扫描

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.08.002

J. Rosc , V.M.F. Hammer , R. Brunner

{"title":"X-ray computed tomography for fast and non-destructive multiple pearl inspection","authors":"J. Rosc , V.M.F. Hammer , R. Brunner","doi":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>X-ray computed tomography displays a highly valuable nondestructive testing tool in various fields. A major disadvantage of this method comprises its high operating costs. Therefore, the reduction of the scanning times would be highly beneficial. Here, we demonstrate exemplarily for the testing of pearls the possibility to decrease the scanning times. The great diversity of pearls on the market, often of unclear origin, especially used for jewelry, demands non-destructive test methods for the fast and reliable classification and validation. We discuss the use of a nano-focus X-ray computed tomography (nf-XCT) system for fast three-dimensional characterization to distinguish between natural and cultured pearls. We test the approach not on individual pearls but for a more demanding task namely for a pearl necklace, that is multiple pearls on a strand. We show that with just one scan the 3D image data of the individual pearls within the whole necklace, which is composed of about 200 pearls can be scanned and reconstructed in only about 24 minutes. That is, we illustrate that nf-XCT as a inspection method is highly competitive to conventional radiography or radioscopy. The presented work also reveals possibilities for other fields like microelectronics etc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100221,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.csndt.2016.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86969783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Eddy current analysis of shipped stainless steel heat exchanger bundle 不锈钢热交换器管束的涡流分析

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.11.003

J.D. Angelo , A. Bennecer , P. Picton , S. Kaczmarczyk , A. Soares

{"title":"Eddy current analysis of shipped stainless steel heat exchanger bundle","authors":"J.D. Angelo , A. Bennecer , P. Picton , S. Kaczmarczyk , A. Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we present the results of a failure analysis done on new heat exchanger tubes, which shows loss of thickness during a EC inspection to stablish a prior loss of thickness base line aiming guarantee fitness for service during its working life. The root cause analysis indicates that there is intergranular corrosion due a differential concentration caused by seawater evaporation inside the tubes during the ship transit from the port of origin in China to the destination port in Brazil.</p><p>The intergranular corrosion depth showed by root cause failure analysis is smaller than that showed by EC inspection. We attribute the EC inspection results deviation to a tube magnetisation due to mechanical stress and to a secondary phase due to an incomplete solubilisation after tube conforming and welding.</p><p>Traditionally, these tubes are visually inspected and deemed acceptable but our conclusions reveal that eddy current testing is capable of detecting some corrosion anomalies which makes the tubes unfit for service.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100221,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.csndt.2016.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83981545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Fast inline inspection by Neural Network Based Filtered Backprojection: Application to apple inspection 基于过滤反投影的神经网络快速内联检测:在苹果检测中的应用

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.03.003

Eline Janssens , Luis F. Alves Pereira , Jan De Beenhouwer , Ing Ren Tsang , Mattias Van Dael , Pieter Verboven , Bart Nicolaï , Jan Sijbers

引用次数: 13

Incorporating transmitter–receiver offset to interpret pavement layer thicknesses by GPR 结合收发偏置进行探地雷达路面层厚度解译

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.11.002

M.U. Ahmed, R.A. Tarefder , A.K. Maji

{"title":"Incorporating transmitter–receiver offset to interpret pavement layer thicknesses by GPR","authors":"M.U. Ahmed, R.A. Tarefder , A.K. Maji","doi":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the necessity of considering Transmitter–Receiver (T–R) offset distance for predicting pavement layer thicknesses from two-way travel time data captured by a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) antenna. For the purpose of this study, GPR testing was conducted at an instrumented pavement section at Milepost (MP) 141 on Interstate I-40 near Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. The GPR system used for this study consists of 2.0 GHz air-launched, 900 MHz ground-coupled, and 400 MHz ground-coupled antennas. The entire instrumented test section was tested with different antenna configurations. The two-way travel time is used for calculating layer thicknesses using two approaches: one considering the T–R offset, which is a non-conventional approach and the other without considering the T–R offset, which is a conventional approach. Statistical analysis namely, <em>t</em>-test is performed on the predicted layer thicknesses from these two approaches. The analysis indicates that these two approaches are significantly different. The predicted thicknesses by these two approaches are compared to each other. It is observed that the approach considering the T–R offset predicts the layer thicknesses with better accuracy compared to the conventional approach. Therefore, it is recommended to use the T–R offset in predicting pavement layer thickness from GPR data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100221,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.csndt.2016.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88633294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Characterization of pearls by X-ray phase contrast imaging with a grating interferometer 用光栅干涉仪的x射线相衬成像表征珍珠

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.001

Vincent Revol , Carina Hanser , Michael Krzemnicki

引用次数: 10

Robotic ultrasonic testing of AGR fuel cladding AGR燃料包壳的机器人超声检测

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.08.001

Maxim Morozov , S. Gareth Pierce , Gordon Dobie , Gary T. Bolton , Thomas Bennett

{"title":"Robotic ultrasonic testing of AGR fuel cladding","authors":"Maxim Morozov , S. Gareth Pierce , Gordon Dobie , Gary T. Bolton , Thomas Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of the presented work was to undertake experimental trials to demonstrate the potential capabilities of a novel in-situ robotic ultrasonic scanning technique for measuring and monitoring loss of the cladding wall thickness in fuel pins of Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors using non-radioactive samples. AGR fuel pins are stainless steel cylindrical ribbed pipes of inner diameter of the rod being about 15 mm and wall thickness of about 300 μm. Spent AGR fuel pins are stored in a water pond and thus may be prone to corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking under adverse conditions. An ultrasonic immersion transducer with central frequency of 25 MHz was used to measure wall thickness of the AGR fuel cladding. The novelty of the approach consists in the usage of a frequency domain technique to measure the wall thickness combined with cylindrical ultrasonic scanning of the samples performed using an industrial robotic manipulator. The frequency domain approach could detect wall thicknesses in the range 96 μm to 700 μm with a resolution of about 10 μm. In addition to the frequency domain measurements, using conventional time domain techniques, it was possible to detect very short (2.5 mm long) and shallow (100 μm in depth) crack-like defects in the fuel cladding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100221,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.csndt.2016.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75551832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Comparison of different additive manufacturing methods using computed tomography 不同增材制造方法的计算机断层扫描比较

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.05.008

Paras Shah, Radu Racasan, Paul Bills

{"title":"Comparison of different additive manufacturing methods using computed tomography","authors":"Paras Shah, Radu Racasan, Paul Bills","doi":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Additive manufacturing (AM) allows for fast fabrication of three dimensional objects with the use of considerably less resources, less energy consumption and shorter supply chain than would be the case in traditional manufacturing. AM has gained significance due to its cost effective method which boasts the ability to produce components with a previously unachievable level of geometric complexity in prototyping and end user industrial applications, such as aerospace, automotive and medical industries. However these processes currently lack reproducibility and repeatability with some ‘prints’ having a high probability of requiring rework or even scrapping due to out of specification or high porosity levels, leading to failure due to structural stresses. It is therefore imperative that robust quality systems be implemented such that the waste level of these processes can be significantly decreased. This study presents an artefact that is optimised for characterisation of form using computed tomography (CT) with representative geometric dimensioning and tolerancing features and internal channels and structures comparable to cooling channels in heat exchangers. Furthermore the optimisation of the CT acquisition conditions for this artefact are presented in light of feature dimensions and form analysis. This paper investigates the accuracy and capability of CT measurements compared with reference measurements from coordinate measuring machine (CMM), as well as focus on the evaluation of different AM methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100221,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.csndt.2016.05.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87831252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

Reference object for evaluating the accuracy of porosity measurements by X-ray computed tomography 评价x射线计算机断层扫描孔隙度测量精度的参考对象

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.05.003

Petr Hermanek, Simone Carmignato

{"title":"Reference object for evaluating the accuracy of porosity measurements by X-ray computed tomography","authors":"Petr Hermanek, Simone Carmignato","doi":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Internal defects such as voids and porosity directly influence mechanical properties, durability, service life and other characteristics of industrial parts. There are several non-destructive and destructive methods for defects detection and evaluation. Recently, X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) has emerged as an effective tool for geometrical characterization of internal defects. 3D information about internal voids/porosity extracted from CT datasets can be utilized in many applications, such as production processes optimization and quality control. However, there are still challenges in using CT as a traceable method for internal voids dimensional measurements. In order to enhance the accuracy and reliability of CT porosity measurements, a metrological validation method is required.</p><p>This study presents the application of a new reference object for accuracy evaluation of CT porosity measurements and discusses results obtained by using it. The reference object is made of aluminium and is composed of a cylindrical body and four cylindrical inserts with micro-milled hemispherical features of calibrated sizes resembling artificial flaws. The accuracy of porosity measurements is evaluated according to various characteristics (diameters and depths measurements errors) and repeatability of measurements. Design of experiments technique is used to investigate the influence of CT parameters settings on porosity measurement accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100221,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 122-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.csndt.2016.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78179981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Onboard detection of railway axle bearing defects using envelope analysis of high frequency acoustic emission signals 高频声发射信号包络分析在铁路车轴轴承缺陷检测中的应用

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002

Arash Amini, Mani Entezami, Mayorkinos Papaelias

{"title":"Onboard detection of railway axle bearing defects using envelope analysis of high frequency acoustic emission signals","authors":"Arash Amini, Mani Entezami, Mayorkinos Papaelias","doi":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Railway wheelsets consist of three main components; the wheel, axle and axle bearing. Faults can develop on any of the aforementioned components, but the most common are related to wheel and axle bearing damages. The continuous increase in train operating speeds means that failure of an axle bearing can lead to very serious derailments, potentially causing human casualties, severe disruption in the operation of the network, damage to the tracks, unnecessary costs, and loss of confidence in rail transport by the general public. The rail industry has focused on the improvement of maintenance and online condition monitoring of rolling stock to reduce the probability of failure as much as possible. This paper discusses the results of onboard acoustic emission measurements carried out on freight wagons with artificially damaged axle bearings in Long Marston, UK. Acoustic emission signal envelope analysis has been applied as a means of effective tool to detect and evaluate the damage in the bearings considered in this study. From the results obtained it is safe to conclude that acoustic emission signal envelope analysis has the capability of detecting and evaluating faulty axle bearings along with their characteristic defect frequencies in the real-world conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100221,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82933119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 61

CT-based quality control of Laser Sintering of Polymers 基于ct的聚合物激光烧结质量控制

Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.04.004

Michele Pavan , Tom Craeghs , Raf Verhelst , Olivier Ducatteeuw , Jean-Pierre Kruth , Wim Dewulf

{"title":"CT-based quality control of Laser Sintering of Polymers","authors":"Michele Pavan , Tom Craeghs , Raf Verhelst , Olivier Ducatteeuw , Jean-Pierre Kruth , Wim Dewulf","doi":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csndt.2016.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser Sintering (LS) is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology for polymers processing which is increasingly being used to produce functional products with designs not achievable with traditional manufacturing technologies. Lightweight cellular structures are a good example of complex designs which are increasingly finding applications in AM parts. However, it is not yet clear how the LS process affects the porosity and geometrical characteristics of the cell structural elements. Getting this information allows to perform quality control of the LS process, gives insights into how to improve it, and might help to take into account manufacturing process variability during the design phase.</p><p>In this work a test artifact containing cylindrical elements with diameters in the range typically used in lightweight cellular structures is used to investigate the influence of features' size and printing orientation on the porosity and shape deviation of each feature. In order to assess the reproducibility of the process, several replicas of the test object are produced in polyamide-12 (PA12) using the same LS process conditions. An X-ray Computed Tomography (CT)-based quality control approach, which uses both image processing of CT-slices and porosity analysis (porosity content, pores count and pores volume distributions) is used to gather the information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100221,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.csndt.2016.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80497714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35