Biotechnology Research and Innovation最新文献

{"title":"An overview of regulatory approaches to genome editing in agriculture","authors":"Steffi Friedrichs ,&nbsp;Yoko Takasu ,&nbsp;Peter Kearns ,&nbsp;Bertrand Dagallier ,&nbsp;Ryudai Oshima ,&nbsp;Janet Schofield ,&nbsp;Catherine Moreddu","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The “<em>OECD Conference on Genome Editing: Applications in Agriculture – Implications for Health, Environment and Regulation</em>”, brought together policy makers, academia, innovators and other stakeholders involved in the topic, in order to take stock of the existing research and applications of genome editing, and to thereby provide science-based input to the discussion of the potential impact of genome editing in the context of overarching agricultural and food policies. The conference provided a timely opportunity for information exchange between scientific experts, risk assessors, policy makers, regulators, private sector innovators and other stakeholders from around the world. In this paper, we summarise the conference session on the <em>“Regulatory aspects”</em> concerning genome editing (<em>Session 3</em>), during which government representatives from six different countries around the world reported on the policy frameworks pertaining to genome editing in their respective countries, and discussed their specificities, as well as the common issues encountered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2019.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85824366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acids distribution in economical important plants: a review","authors":"Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Anket Sharma ,&nbsp;Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli ,&nbsp;Poonam Yadav ,&nbsp;Shagun Bali ,&nbsp;Palak Bakshi ,&nbsp;Ripu Daman Parihar ,&nbsp;Huwei Yuan ,&nbsp;Daoliang Yan ,&nbsp;Yi He ,&nbsp;Junfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Renu Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Ashwani Kumar Thukral ,&nbsp;Bingsong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amino acids (AAs) are abundantly found in the food plants and their individual concentration is of enormous importance in terms of nutrition. Therefore it is mandatory to explore the food plants for their nutritional importance. This review gives the overview of AA composition in different food plants. However, in most of the studies the complete AA concentration of food plants has not been reported. The data of 142 economical important plant species were collected from Google Scholar, Scopus and Google. Because the techniques applied by various authors, the units of content, and the conditions of analysis were different, in this review paper, for the purpose of statistical analysis the concentrations of AAs were changed into comparative units on Lys content basis, which is the utmost limiting, most variable species specific essential AAs in plants. The average concentration of relative AAs is: Leu<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Asp<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Glu<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Ala<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Glu<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Arg<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Gly<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Ile<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Ser<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Pro<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Lys<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Thr<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Val<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->His<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Phe<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Tyr<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Cys<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Met<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->Trp. The average relative content of non-essential AAs was recorded maximum, whereas relative content of aromatic AAs was low. The data was statistically analyzed by Pearson's correlation, cluster analysis (CA), heatmap analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Among the analyzed plant species, plants of Pentadipandraceae family recorded maximum total relative AAs content, while minimum total relative AAs content was found in Periplocaceae family.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85222927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms","authors":"Bruno Lellis,&nbsp;Cíntia Zani Fávaro-Polonio,&nbsp;João Alencar Pamphile,&nbsp;Julio Cesar Polonio","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The water is an essential resource for life on the planet and for human development. The textile industry is one of the anthropogenic activities that most consume water and pollute water bodies. Therefore, the present work aims to undertake a review on the main effects of the release of industrial dyes and the essential bioremediation mechanisms. The textile dyes significantly compromise the aesthetic quality of water bodies, increase biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD), impair photosynthesis, inhibit plant growth, enter the food chain, provide recalcitrance and bioaccumulation, and may promote toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In spite of this, the bioremediation of textile dyes, that is, the transformation or mineralization of these contaminants by the enzymatic action of plant, bacteria, extremophiles and fungi biomasses is fully possible. Another option is the adsorption. Despite some disadvantages, the bioremediation is essentially positive and can be progressively enhanced by modern biotechnological techniques that are related to the generation of more degrading and more resistant engineered organisms. This is a sustainable solution that provides a fundamental and innovative contribution to conventional physicochemical treatments. The resources of environmental biotechnology can, therefore, be used as tangible technological solutions for the treatment of textile dye effluents and are related to the ethical imperative of ensuring the minimum necessary for a quality life for the humankind.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 275-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79921542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgenic technology: the strategy for the control and prevention of bovine staphylococcal mastitis?","authors":"Clarissa Varajão Cardoso ,&nbsp;Eunice Ventura Barbosa ,&nbsp;Maíra Halfen Teixeira Liberal ,&nbsp;Evelize Folly das Chagas","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mastitis is the disease that most affects dairy cattle with losses above US$ 2 billion per year in the United States alone. It frequently presents bacterial origin, with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) standing out as a pathogen challenging to eliminate because of the high resistance to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy often demonstrates failure, with low cure rates, bacterial resistance and bacterial seclusion in the outbreaks of infection as well as leaving its residues in soil, water, and even animal products. Advances in research may provide benefits to animal welfare by increasing cow's resistance to mastitis by inducing mammary gland cells to secrete an antibacterial protein called lysostaphin, which is a potent staphylocolytic enzyme. Over the years, research groups have developed projects aimed at developing particular immunomodulators, as well as transgenic lysostaphin-secreting cows. The focus of this review is to compile studies on the use of lysostaphin and in the therapeutic and prophylactic control of staphylococcal mastitis using genetic engineering and biotechnology as an alternative tool. In the transgenic models of mice and cows, lysostaphin was able to prevent staphylococcal mastitis presenting little effect on the integrity of the mammary gland, animal physiology and milk produced. Further studies should be performed not only related to cases of prevention of staphylococcal mastitis, but also in the treatment and maintenance of the long-term action of lysostaphin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 291-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2019.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87612685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinolines-1,2,3-triazolylcarboxamides exhibits antiparasitic activity in Trichomonas vaginalis","authors":"Ângela Sena-Lopes ,&nbsp;Raquel Nascimento das Neves ,&nbsp;Mirna Samara Dié Alves ,&nbsp;Gelson Perin ,&nbsp;Diego Alves ,&nbsp;Angela Maria Casaril ,&nbsp;Lucielli Savegnago ,&nbsp;Karine Rech Begnini ,&nbsp;Fabiana Kommling Seixas ,&nbsp;Tiago Collares ,&nbsp;Sibele Borsuk","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased prevalence of metronidazole-resistant infections has resulted in a search for alternative drugs for the treatment of trichomoniasis. In the present study, we report the evaluation of <em>in vitro</em> activity of three quinolines-1,2,3-triazolylcarboxamides (QTCA-1, QTCA-2 and QTCA-3) against <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em>, evaluation of cytotoxicity in CHO cells and expression of genes related to hydrogenosome by real time PCR. Nine concentrations of these compounds were analyzed for <em>in vitro</em> activity against ATCC 30236 isolate of <em>T. vaginalis</em>. QTCA-2 reported a cytotoxic effect against 100% of <em>T. vaginalis</em> trophozoites at a final concentration of 80<!--> <!-->μM with an IC₅₀ of 50<!--> <!-->μM. The kinetic growth curve of trophozoites indicated that QTCA-2 reduced the growth by 70% at a concentration of 80<!--> <!-->μM after an exposure of 12<!--> <!-->h, and induced complete parasite death at 24<!--> <!-->h. QTCA-2 induced less than 30% of cytotoxicity in CHO-K1 cells at 80<!--> <!-->μM and data showed this concentration and lower ones had no significant cytotoxic effect when compared to the control. There was no significant difference in gene expression (pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase A and B; Malic enzyme D; Hydrogenase; β-tubulin) when compared to control and MTZ. Further <em>in silico</em> analysis showed that QTCA-2 had significant binding free energy with <em>T. vaginalis</em> lactate dehydrogenase (−9.3<!--> <!-->kcal/mol), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (−9.1<!--> <!-->kcal/mol) and triosephosphate isomerase (−7.3<!--> <!-->kcal/mol). The present study offers new perspectives for exploring the potential of this class of molecules as an additional option for the treatment of trichomoniasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80925274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of calcium on cadmium uptake and toxicity to the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1","authors":"Rabbul Ibne A. Ahad,&nbsp;Mayashree B. Syiem","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that Ca²⁺ interferes with uptake and expression of toxicity of Cd²⁺ in numerous organisms. This study demonstrated that the morphological alterations expressed in the cyanobacterium <em>Nostoc muscorum</em> Meg 1 cells exposed to 0.5<!--> <!-->mg<!--> <!-->L⁻¹ Cd²⁺ for 7 days were prevented when 10<!--> <!-->mg<!--> <!-->L⁻¹ Ca²⁺ was included in the experimental set-up. The spectroscopic analysis confirmed a severe reduction in contents of chlorophyll <em>a</em>, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, carotenoids and total protein at the end of 168<!--> <!-->h (7 days) in presence of Cd²⁺; inclusion of Ca²⁺ significantly lessened these effects. Heterocyst frequency, nitrogenase and, glutamine synthetase activities were similarly improved in the presence of Ca²⁺. Uptake studies showed a reduction in 94% biosorption of supplied Cd²⁺ to 50% in the presence of Ca²⁺ indicating its competition with Cd²⁺ binding onto the cyanobacterial cell surfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2019.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74981291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Setaria viridis physiological and gene expression responses to distinct water-deficit conditions","authors":"Tamires de Souza Rodrigues ,&nbsp;João Travassos Lins ,&nbsp;Marcus Vinicius Cattem ,&nbsp;Vinicius Carvalho Jardim ,&nbsp;Marcos Silveira Buckeridge ,&nbsp;Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sá ,&nbsp;Fernanda Reinert ,&nbsp;Márcio Alves-Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2020.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biori.2020.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Setaria viridis</em>, a C₄ monocot, was proposed as a model plant for studies on the response to stress conditions. Water-deficit ranks among the top three most devastating stresses and its importance will likely increase in the scenario of climate change. The aim of this work was to evaluate physiological and molecular water-deficit responses of <em>S. viridis</em> subjected to different conditions. Principal component analysis highlighted the physiological differences between vegetative and reproductive stages of <em>S. viridis</em>, as well as the differences between two methods of water-deficit induction: polyethylene glycol and air-drying. Network interactions were observed in distinct developmental stages and water-deficit induction methods tested, allowing classification of root and shoot fresh weight and non-photochemical quenching as the best physiological parameters to group the networks. Variations in the gene expression patterns of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 2 (<em>SvP5CS2</em>), Dehydrin 1 (<em>SvDHN1</em>) and the transcription factors WRKY DNA-binding domain 1 (<em>SvWRKY1</em>), dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1 class C (<em>SvDREB1C</em>) and NAC protein 6 (<em>SvNAC6</em>) were observed. Among these genes, it was observed two expression patterns predominant during water-deficit: inducible (<em>SvDHN1</em> and <em>SvNAC6</em>) and repressed (<em>SvP5CS2</em>, <em>SvWRKY1</em> and <em>SvDREB1C</em>) genes. <em>SvDHN1</em> showed the highest expression level in all the conditions tested. PEG treatment during the reproductive stage promoted the upregulation of the five marker genes in roots. The discriminative analysis suggested that the physiological and molecular responses in <em>S. viridis</em> adjusted according to the evaluated water-deficit conditions, especially after PEG treatments, indicating that the PEG method of water-deficit may better replicate field conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 42-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452072119301388/pdfft?md5=d64a15b74524aa44eb9576ac243020b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2452072119301388-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75273483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulolytic and ligninolytic potential of new strains of fungi for the conversion of fibrous substrates","authors":"Maryen Alberto Vázquez ,&nbsp;Elaine C. Valiño Cabrera ,&nbsp;Marcela Ayala Aceves ,&nbsp;Jorge Luis Folch Mallol","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2018.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biori.2018.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research explored the lignocellulolytic potential of native strains (<em>Hipoxylon</em> sp, <em>Curvularia kusanoi</em>, <em>Trichoderma sp</em> and <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>) isolated from natural substrates. Their sequences were deposited in the GenBank, and it‘s lignocellulosic potentialities were determined quantitatively from kinetics of cellulase and ligninase production in wheat straw, and grass hay. All evaluated strains showed high cellulolytic potential and laccase activity where only found in the <em>C. kusanoi L7</em> strain. The new strains where co-cultivated with a reference strains of <em>Trichoderma viride</em> to determinate the capacity of joint growth, to know if they can be used together for a better degradation of the cell wall. A three-phase purification system was used to isolate the <em>C. kusanoi</em> laccase where a preparation 10 times purer than the initial crude was obtained, with an enzymatic activity of 2800<!--> <!-->U/L, a specific activity of 544.74<!--> <!-->U/g and a yield higher than 100%, which showed a more stable behavior at alkaline pH than at acid pH. The purify enzymes showed an optimum range of activity between 30 and 40<!--> <!-->°C, and a high thermal stability. It is concluded that the isolated strains have a high degradation capacity and the <em>C. kusanoi</em> L7 strain stands out as the one with the greatest potential when expressing in addition to the cellulolytic complex the enzymes involved in the degradation of lignin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2018.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84227802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of pyroligneous acid from softwood mixture","authors":"Gayatri Suresh ,&nbsp;Hooshang Pakdel ,&nbsp;Tarek Rouissi ,&nbsp;Satinder Kaur Brar ,&nbsp;Ismail Fliss ,&nbsp;Christian Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel technology was developed to obtain a high amount of pyroligneous acid (PA) rich in organics. PA was obtained by atmospheric pyrolysis of a mixture of pine, spruce and fir wood particles, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and evaluated for <em>in vitro</em> antibacterial and antifungal activity. Several microbial inhibitory compounds were observed in PA. Antimicrobial activity of PA was studied at both acidic pH (3.7) and neutral pH (7.0) of the liquid. Neutralized PA showed higher antibacterial activity than acidic PA against 5 pathogenic bacterial strains, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) obtained with neutralized PA were 0.3125% (v/v), 0.3125% (v/v), 0.625% (v/v), 0.3125% (v/v), 0.3125% (v/v) for <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, respectively. For fungal strains, acidic PA was found to be more effective than neutralized PA. The highest activity was against <em>Trametes versicolor</em>, followed by <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>. The MIC of acidic PA with which fungal inhibition was seen was 0.125% (v/v) for <em>T. versicolor</em> and <em>A. fumigatus</em>, and 0.25% (v/v) <em>for A. niger.</em> Hence, the novel technology was found to be effective to produce a high yield of PA (40–45<!--> <!-->wt% of dry biomass), rich in antimicrobial compounds, and the PA is proposed as a potential alternative to antibiotics, preservatives and/or chemical disinfectants that are currently in use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2019.02.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91763729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of intellectual property within agricultural biotechnology in Brazil","authors":"L.H.M. Figueiredo ,&nbsp;A.G. Vasconcellos ,&nbsp;G.S. Prado ,&nbsp;M.F. Grossi-de-Sa","doi":"10.1016/j.biori.2019.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brazilian agricultural biotechnology has seen great advances in recent decades, especially in the development of GM crops, including soybean, cotton, and maize, which has placed Brazil in second place since 2013 in the ranking of countries with the greatest GM-cultivated area. However, patenting these technologies is somewhat more restrictive in Brazil than in other countries, such as the USA and Japan, especially concerning isolated biological material from nature. Hence, the intellectual protection of crops in Brazil is encompassed by <em>sui generis</em> rights and/or the patenting of only the development process. Given the current scenario and the importance of biotechnology for the Brazilian agriculture sector, it is necessary to deeply study the patent system for recently developed technologies to identify opportunities for enterprises and national institutes to act in this area. The application of novel biotechnological strategies to agriculture will contribute to the expanding agriculture sector and become part of the solution to global challenges. Through this study, we can identify the major companies developing and protecting their agrobiotechnologies. Additionally, a more detailed analysis verifies that although there are some restrictions in Brazilian laws, GM patent applicants find ways to obtain intellectual protection for the tools they use in the development of GM crops, which include regulatory sequences, gene constructs and production methodologies. Mechanisms to stimulate investment in Brazilian research companies and public policies must be consolidated, allowing investment and public–private partnerships in this sector, with the aim of applying biotechnological knowledge and turn it into products demanded by society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100187,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Innovation","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biori.2019.04.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91763730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}