Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2018.10.001
Maribel Narváez Mora
{"title":"How Law and Neuroscience became a new field of study","authors":"Maribel Narváez Mora","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2018.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2018.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is structured into five sections. Section 1 provides an overview of the nature of the field of law and neuroscience (L&N). Section 2 explains how the field of cognitive neuroscience is more relevant to L&N debates than other neuroscientific domains, a point which, as shown in Section 3, was pivotal to the early work of neuro-lawyers. A short presentation of the set of technologies used to obtain images from the brain and which sustain L&N literature follows in Section 4. In Section 5, a few examples of the impact of neuroscientific outcomes on legal concepts and practices are presented. Some of the arguments advanced by those authors who assert the revolutionary impact of neuroscience on law and by those who predict its irrelevance—or even its dangers—will also be outlined throughout the presentation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2018.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90109258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2019.07.001
Evandro Agazzi
{"title":"Technological development and ethics","authors":"Evandro Agazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85044411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.001
Ioanna Kuçuradi
{"title":"The concept of human dignity and its implications for human rights","authors":"Ioanna Kuçuradi","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is an attempt to show the point of connection between human dignity and human rights, by clarifying the concept of human rights and conceptualizing what is called ‘human dignity’ through the concept of the value of t<!--> <!-->h<!--> <span>e human being. It also distinguishes the concept of human dignity from other concepts with which it is often confused in daily life, such as honor and pride – a confusion that leads to the assumption that there are different conceptions of human dignity in different cultures – and points to some other implications that these concepts, thus defined, bear for the protection of human rights.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90743267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.003
Jure Zovko
{"title":"What is so specific about moral judgment in bioethics?","authors":"Jure Zovko","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this article, some of the consequences will be considered that may follow from a paradigm-shift from humanism to trans-humanism. In the view of the supporters of transhumanism, human beings are imperfect, so all scientific achievements need to be used in order to accelerate the evolutionary process. In the bioethical discussions of human enhancement, two positions are distinguished: a </span><em>permissive</em> and a <em>prohibitive</em>. The permissive position takes into account potential benefits of enhancement, and its ability to reduce the negative consequences for human beings. This article lists the reasons for restrictive application of human enhancement, of which the most important is respect for human dignity. The definition of humans as hermeneutical beings that interpret themselves in the context of social possibilities should be considered in the context of the existing threats created by biotechnological development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89553013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.002
José Santiago González-Campos
{"title":"La bioética como contrapeso a la biopolítica","authors":"José Santiago González-Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1970, Potter began to think about the need for a new knowledge which could answer the new problems caused by exponential techno-scientific progress, particularly in health sciences. Over the course of four decades of an intense bioethics reflection from different orientations, it now appears necessary to complement the current bioethics knowledge with other ways of thinking and with thinkers that allow us to complete a new broad body of bioethics knowledge that could solve the complex problems about life in a multicultural and globalised world. Thus, thinking about this latter political question, biopolitics also seems to be a necessary knowledge to now incorporate into bioethics. This brief paper is about the relationships between bioethics and biopolitics, with the final practical aim to improve our patient daily health care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79306532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.004
Carlo V. Bellieni
{"title":"Protocolo para la toma de decisiones éticas en neonatología","authors":"Carlo V. Bellieni","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is still no published agreement on the ethical criteria to continue or suspend neonatal intensive care anywhere in the world. The criteria of best interest or a criterion based on the weeks of foetal development at birth are very often used. However, both criteria have defects that are explained in the text. In order to solve this dilemma and the aforementioned criticisms, propose a new criterion is proposed, called the “pain principle”, according to which intensive care can be interrupted or improved in the case of obvious or intractable pain or stress. Explanations will be given in the text on the correct ways to measure pain and stress in newborns. Suspending treatments for fear of a future disability, without the presence of pain, is not ethically acceptable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2019.02.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90087874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2018.12.001
Janet Delgado
{"title":"Re-thinking relational autonomy: Challenging the triumph of autonomy through vulnerability","authors":"Janet Delgado","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2018.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2018.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Relational autonomy is a key concept in challenging the “triumph of the principle of autonomy” in bioethics. Considering the inextricable relationship between the concept of vulnerability and relational autonomy, it can be seen that autonomy and vulnerability are not incompatible. Because vulnerability is an unavoidable human condition, only through the network of relationships in which we are embedded is it possible to develop a capacity towards autonomy, understanding it through relationships. While there is a vast literature in bioethics about the term of relational autonomy, there is a lack of clarification, or systematization on the definition of the main characteristics of this term. Through the connection with a universal vulnerability concept, the aim of this paper is to develop the main characteristics of the term relational autonomy. Including the notion of vulnerability, relational autonomy can be understood as a capacity to make decisions, not as an individual, self-sufficient person, but as an individual being embedded in </span>social relationships. A description is presented of five features of relational autonomy: relationships, capacity for decision making as a process, progression along the life course, professional commitment, and collectivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2018.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86749007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2018.05.001
Kuldeep Kaushik , Ravi Vaswani
{"title":"Research on animals and current UGC guidelines on animal dissection and experimentation: A critical analysis","authors":"Kuldeep Kaushik , Ravi Vaswani","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Dissection and vivisection are two important activities in biological classes in order to understand the vital processes of life. They not only provide basic training for young learners, but also lay the foundation for all other research. Inhuman behavior toward laboratory animals drew the attention of the public worldwide, including many non-government organizations and animal lovers. They convinced some countries to issue strict guidelines for the use of animals for classroom dissection/experimental purposes. After receiving many complaints on unethical uses of animals for classroom dissection purposes, the University Grant Commission, </span>New Delhi, issued new guidelines for the phasing out of dissection and animal experimentation in the zoology/life sciences curricula. In the present study the authors correlate the relevance and importance of animal dissections in teaching and research, and for the parallel development of medical and biological science. They conclude that animal experiments are vital to the future well-being of humans, and are morally permissible as long as they are conducted with high ethical standards. Animal experimentation and use of animals for dissection purposes are also justifiable, from various philosophical viewpoints. It appears that the guidelines issued by UGC are not based on serious deliberation on the bioethical dilemma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2018.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79303690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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