Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere最新文献_第7页

Relationships between synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation and ozone concentrations in Metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡大都会天气尺度大气环流与臭氧浓度的关系

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90006-E

Andrew C. Comrie , Brent Yarnal

{"title":"Relationships between synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation and ozone concentrations in Metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","authors":"Andrew C. Comrie , Brent Yarnal","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90006-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90006-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A synoptic climatology demonstrates the relationships between the atmospheric circulation and surface ozone (O3) concentrations. To deduce these associations, a subjective synoptic classification scheme is applied to 10 years' O3 data from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The results focus on four aspects of the atmospheric circulation-O3 relationship: average, extreme-event, between season and year-to year conditions. On average, each of the nine circulation types is related to a characteristic O3 concentration level and cumulative O3 dose. Extreme high-O3 events are associated with either the western side of a slowly migrating anticyclone or a stagnating extended high-pressure ridge; low-O3 events are experienced under cool and cloudy cyclonic conditions. Between-season variations in the average and extreme circulation-O3 relationshipsare observed: the high-pressure features that produce the high st O3 levels in summer are related to low levels in winter, while circulation patterns that contribute very little to summertime O3 build-up are associated with the highest levels of wintertime O3. The latter situation could be caused by tropopause folding and the introduction of stratospheric ozone in winter months. While zonal (meridional) circulation regimes tend to produce lower (higher) mean annual O3 levels, such year-to-year changes in synoptic-type frequencies do not appear to be strongly related to interannual variations in O3, and other non-climatic factors appear to be of greater importance.</div>","PeriodicalId":100140,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90006-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74532192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 122

The high climatic quality city of the future 未来的高气候品质城市

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90007-F

Arieh Bitan

引用次数: 51

Study of particulate pollutants in the air of Riyadh by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 用能量色散x射线荧光光谱法研究利雅得空气中的颗粒污染物

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90017-M

S.A. Raoof , Maarib Al-Sahhaf

引用次数: 13

Stochastic simulation of diurnal variations of CO, NO and NO2 concentrations in occupied residences 居住小区CO、NO和NO2浓度日变化的随机模拟

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90012-H

John E. Borrazzo, Cliff I. Davidson, Mitchell J. Small

引用次数: 3

Hydrocarbon emissions from twelve urban shade trees of the Los Angeles, California, Air Basin 加州洛杉矶空气盆地12棵城市遮荫树的碳氢化合物排放

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90009-H

Stephanie B. Corchnoy , Janet Arey , Roger Atkinson

{"title":"Hydrocarbon emissions from twelve urban shade trees of the Los Angeles, California, Air Basin","authors":"Stephanie B. Corchnoy , Janet Arey , Roger Atkinson","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90009-H","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90009-H","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The large-scale planting of shade trees in urban areas to counteract heat-island effects and to minimize energy use is currently being discussed. Among the costs to be considered in a cost/benefit analysis of such a program is the potential for additional reactive organic compounds in the atmosphere due to emissions from these trees. In this program, 15 species of potential shade trees for the Los Angeles Air Basin were studied and emission rates were determined for 11 of these trees, with one further tree (Crape myrtle) exhibiting no detectable emissions. The emission rates normalized to dry leaf weight and corrected to 30°C were (in μg g−1 h−1), ranked from lowest to highest emission rate: Crape myrtle, none detected; Camphor, 0.03; Aleppo pine, 0.15; Deodar cedar, 0.29; Italian Stone pine, 0.42; Monterey pine, 0.90; Brazilian pepper, 1.3; Canary Island pine, 1.7; Ginkgo, 3.0; California pepper, 3.7; Liquidambar, 37; Carrotwood, 49. In addition to the emission rates per unit biomass, the biomass per tree must be factored into any assessment of the relative merits of the various trees, since some trees have higher biomass constants than others. The present data shows that there are large differences in emission rates among different tree species and this should be factored into decision-making as to which shade trees to plant. Based solely on the presently determined emission rates, the Crape myrtle and Camphor tree are good choices for large-scale planting, while the Carrotwood tree and Liquidambar are poor choices due to their high isoprene emission rates.</div>","PeriodicalId":100140,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 339-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90009-H","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83968896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 72

A coupled mesoscale/particle model applied to an urban area 应用于城市地区的中尺度/粒子耦合模式

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90003-B

R.O. Pitts, T.J. Lyons

引用次数: 5

The effects of mesoscale circulation on the dispersion of pollutants (SO2) in the eastern Mediterranean, southern coastal plain of Israel 地中海东部、以色列南部沿海平原中尺度环流对污染物(SO2)扩散的影响

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90002-A

J. Robinsohn, Y. Mahrer, E. Wakshal

引用次数: 19

A stepwise cluster analysis method for predicting air quality in an urban environment 城市空气质量预测的逐步聚类分析方法

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90010-P

Guohe Huang

{"title":"A stepwise cluster analysis method for predicting air quality in an urban environment","authors":"Guohe Huang","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90010-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90010-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A stepwise cluster analysis method has been advanced and applied to air quality prediction. The method has improved monovariate A.I.D. (Automatic Interaction Detection) Algorithm, and can effectively deal with continuous and discrete variables, as well as nonlinear relations between the variables. In the application to air quality prediction, all source variables can carry information about air quality variations, and clustering results are given by cluster trees, so that a set of forecasting systems, which is flexible to reflect changes in source value distributions, can be formed.In a case study, the method was applied to air quality prediction in the urban district of Xiamen, China. Data concerning three pollutant concentrations and four source types from 31 grid squares during 1984–1988 were used in the calculation. The results of cluster analysis were applied to the prediction of air quality in 1989. Through graphical and statistical tests, it was indicated that 82.8% of monitored concentrations were within the predicted radius, and, compared with the predicted mean concentrations, 76.3% of the predicted data had relative errors lower than ±20%, and 61.3% had errors lower than ±15%; thus showing the good performance of the method.</div>","PeriodicalId":100140,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 349-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90010-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88731208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 70

Chemical composition of rain in Thessaloniki, Greece, in relation to meteorological conditions 希腊塞萨洛尼基雨的化学成分与气象条件的关系

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90011-G

C. Samara , R. Tsitouridou , Ch. Balafoutis

{"title":"Chemical composition of rain in Thessaloniki, Greece, in relation to meteorological conditions","authors":"C. Samara , R. Tsitouridou , Ch. Balafoutis","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90011-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90011-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Wet precipitation was collected in Thessaloniki, Greece, during the period March 1989–December 1990 by using an automatic wet-only precipitation sampler.Rainwater samples were analysed for major cations (H+, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and anions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−), in addition to acidity and conductivity measurements. The majority of rain had a neutral or alkaline character as a result of neutralization, primarily caused by calcareous soil dust and secondarily by atmospheric ammonia. In all rain, SO42− concentration exceeded NO3− concentration. The contribution of maritime sources to the total SO42− concentration was very low (<2%).The chemical composition of precipitation was analysed in conjunction with meteorological variables (season of the year, precipitation type, airflow patterns) to evaluate temporal variations and chemical source influence. Rain caused by weak, localized flows showed the highest acidity and the minimum influence of neutralization processes.</div>","PeriodicalId":100140,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 359-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90011-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90351431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 80

A review of the development and application of the CALINE3 and 4 models CALINE3和caline4模型的发展与应用综述

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90013-I

Paul E. Benson

引用次数: 223