Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association最新文献_第2页

Chapter 10. Intensification does not require modification: Tropical Swidden and the Maya 第 10 章.强化并不需要改造：热带斯维登和玛雅

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12188

Anabel Ford

{"title":"Chapter 10. Intensification does not require modification: Tropical Swidden and the Maya","authors":"Anabel Ford","doi":"10.1111/apaa.12188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apaa.12188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What is involved in finding fields? Agricultural intensification and its archaeological correlates are not always obvious. Archaeologists frequently equate <i>capital</i>-based investment and <i>arable</i> farming as the sole path to intensified production. The presence of terraces to slow water flows across land, canals to bring water to drier lands, and raised and drained fields to reduce water, are methods to bring <i>marginal</i> lands into productive use. Labor-based economies, especially those of the Americas before European conquest, present an entirely distinct pathway toward intensification based on tending the landscape. Tropical societies in general, and the Maya in particular, demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge of the natural world, cultivating biological capital as a product of their culture with skill, hand tools, scheduling, and fire. Asynchronous and embedded fields transform into forests in a poly-cultivation practice, emphasizing the diversity that prevails in tropical woodlands. As with most traditional land-use systems around the world, the Maya <i>milpa</i> cycle reduces temperature and evapotranspiration, conserves water, maintains biodiversity, builds soil fertility, inhibits erosion, and nurtures people. Labor investments <i>per se</i> do not leave direct evidence on the landscape, apart from the implicit density of settlement, yet the imprint of their management lies in the forest landscape itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":100116,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association","volume":"35 1","pages":"106-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apaa.12188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chapter 5. Finding and understanding ancient irrigated agricultural fields in southern Arizona 第 5 章.寻找和了解亚利桑那州南部古代灌溉农田

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12186

M. Kyle Woodson

{"title":"Chapter 5. Finding and understanding ancient irrigated agricultural fields in southern Arizona","authors":"M. Kyle Woodson","doi":"10.1111/apaa.12186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apaa.12186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For over a century, archaeologists have investigated the vast network of prehistoric Hohokam canal irrigation systems in the lower Salt River and middle Gila River valleys, as well as in other areas of southern Arizona. However, documentation of the agricultural fields in which prehistoric farmers irrigated their crops generally was lacking until the last 25 years. This is largely a result of the difficulty in identifying ancient fields, since they are not visible on the surface and have been obscured or destroyed by natural landscape processes as well as historic and modern disturbances. More recent archaeological investigations have revealed ancient irrigated fields through innovative methods and excavation techniques. The fields were constructed both by Hohokam irrigators (450–1450 CE) as well as by farmers from preceding cultural traditions during the Early Agricultural period (2100 BCE–50 CE). These discoveries occurred during projects conducted in compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act. In this chapter, I highlight these important studies that have expanded the view of ancient agricultural landscapes in southern Arizona.</p>","PeriodicalId":100116,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association","volume":"35 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chapter 11. Finding fields: Concluding remarks 第 11 章查找字段寻找领域：结束语

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12189

Naomi F. Miller

引用次数: 0

Chapter 1 Confronting America's Archaeological Legacies 第一章直面美国的考古遗产

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12174

April M. Beisaw, Katie Kirakosian, David E. Witt, Ryan J. Wheeler

{"title":"Chapter 1 Confronting America's Archaeological Legacies","authors":"April M. Beisaw, Katie Kirakosian, David E. Witt, Ryan J. Wheeler","doi":"10.1111/apaa.12174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apaa.12174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>American archaeology is rooted in the behaviors of our predecessors, yet our criticism of those forbearers is often disconnected from the issues of today's practice. Contributors to this volume seek to bridge that gap with a healthy dose of reflection. First, this introduction touches on some issues that are not more fully covered in the chapters that follow, specifically the #MeToo movement and field/conference safety, race, and class inequalities especially the costs of field schools and unpaid internships, and the need for inclusive practices for those who are differently abled. Then we summarize those issues that this volume does focus on, pointing out connections and interrelationships. Three major themes are explored: (1) how the identity of an archaeologist can impact their legacy; (2) how the careers of celebrated “big men” and “big projects” are often misrepresented; and (3) the relationship of archaeology to Black and Indigenous peoples, women, and other marginalized groups, including those who are archaeologists. To conclude, each editor presents a reflection of their own relationship to American archaeology and how that inspired this volume.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100116,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association","volume":"34 1","pages":"5-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chapter 7 Start the Presses? John Alden Mason as Mesoamericanist and a Reluctant New Deal Archaeologist in the 1930s 第7章启动印刷机？约翰·奥尔登·梅森：20世纪30年代中美洲主义者和不情愿的新政考古学家

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12169

Bernard K. Means

{"title":"Chapter 7 Start the Presses? John Alden Mason as Mesoamericanist and a Reluctant New Deal Archaeologist in the 1930s","authors":"Bernard K. Means","doi":"10.1111/apaa.12169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apaa.12169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the 1930s, J. Alden Mason was a curator at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia. He was best known during this time for his work at the site of Piedras Negras in northwestern Guatemala. Yet, the 1930s excavations at Piedras Negras were not published until 2005. This delayed publication prevented other scholars from building on this work. Also, during the 1930s, Mason led lesser-known excavations around the Philadelphia area with federal work relief funding. No field records exist for these investigations, the whereabouts of artifacts are unknown, and only a single short article was ever published on the scant archaeological findings. Exactly what archaeology was done and where through these New Deal investigations is unknown and may be unknowable. Mason struggled with the overly bureaucratic nature of New Deal archaeology, and this might help explain his lack of due diligence with archiving his records, or with completing a properly detailed report. Today's archaeologists deal with similar constraints. But we are also ethically bound to publish our results in a reasonable time frame, rather than hoard our data the way a dragon hoards a mountain of gold. If we fail to meet these ethical principles, we really are little more than well-educated looters.</p>","PeriodicalId":100116,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association","volume":"34 1","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apaa.12169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chapter 10 Archaeologists as Indian Advocates? Lessons from Skinner, the Little-Weasel; Moorehead, the Indian Commissioner; and Other Predecessors 第十章考古学家是印第安人的拥护者？小黄鼠狼斯金纳的教训；Moorehead，印度专员；和其他前置任务

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12167

April M. Beisaw

{"title":"Chapter 10 Archaeologists as Indian Advocates? Lessons from Skinner, the Little-Weasel; Moorehead, the Indian Commissioner; and Other Predecessors","authors":"April M. Beisaw","doi":"10.1111/apaa.12167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apaa.12167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Archaeologists who study the Native past have a responsibility to the Native present. But our academic training does little to prepare us for advocacy work. Personal interests, ethics, and the precariousness of employment often dictate what can be done. Doing nothing is easier and safer than speaking out, but idleness reinforces the irrelevancy of archaeology to contemporary social issues. Recalling the advocacy decisions of two archaeological ancestors, Alanson B. Skinner and Warren K. Moorehead, helps us to consider how and when archaeologists should act beyond their own job descriptions. Skinner's attempts to educate the White-public and Moorehead's work to guide governmental policies were not flawless. But their willingness to do something helps us reconsider if we, as individual archaeologists, are doing enough. First and foremost, archaeologists should ensure that their institutions have complied with the spirit of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, not just the letter of the law. We should also ensure that we take opportunities to connect the Native past to the Indigenous present, in ways that go beyond land acknowledgements. Archaeologists can be better allies, accomplices, and co-conspirators.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100116,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association","volume":"34 1","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chapter 8 Glenn A. Black and the Problems of Objectification in Big Site-Big Science Legacy Archaeology 第八章格伦·A·布莱克与大遗址大科学遗产考古的客观性问题

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12175

Melody K. Pope

{"title":"Chapter 8 Glenn A. Black and the Problems of Objectification in Big Site-Big Science Legacy Archaeology","authors":"Melody K. Pope","doi":"10.1111/apaa.12175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apaa.12175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large-scale excavations in the first half of the twentieth century conducted by Glenn A. Black at Angel Mounds were viewed as moving archaeology away from its antiquarian roots toward legitimate scientific practice. Although this transformation led to innovative field methods, amassed collections of unprecedented size and depth, and created foundational archaeological programs and knowledge, the past and the peoples who occupied it became increasingly objectified and marginalized. How did archaeological practice on such an expansive scale remove from history the people whose heritage is memorialized at a national historic landmark? And how has this history impacted archaeological practice today? To address these questions, I draw on personal letters and published accounts for insights into the interests and problematic aspects of Black's archaeological practices before turning to a consideration of some present-day continuities, challenges, and ways forward. The issues and biases revealed in the case of Black's early 20<sup>th</sup> century archaeological praxis are not unique for the time. Nonetheless, underlying problems of objectification and racism challenge us to not only confront legacy biases and the harm they have caused, but to work toward ethical ways to use such collections now and in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100116,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association","volume":"34 1","pages":"92-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50117402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sins of Our Ancestors (and of Ourselves): Confronting Archaeological Legacies 我们祖先（和我们自己）的罪过：面对考古遗产

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12153

April M. Beisaw, David E. Witt, Katie Kirakosian, and Ryan J. Wheeler, Editors

引用次数: 0

Chapter 5 American Archaeology's Lost Women: Unacknowledged Labor & the Making of Archaeology 第五章美国考古学的迷失女性：未知的劳动与考古学的形成

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12176

Katie Kirakosian

引用次数: 0

List of Contributors 贡献者列表

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/apaa.12177

引用次数: 0