Agricultural Administration and Extension最新文献_第9页

Factors limiting the effectiveness of extension service systems in developing countries: An analysis of evidence from Sri Lanka's coconut sub-sector 限制发展中国家推广服务系统有效性的因素:对斯里兰卡椰子分部门证据的分析

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90058-X

Nimal A. Fernando

{"title":"Factors limiting the effectiveness of extension service systems in developing countries: An analysis of evidence from Sri Lanka's coconut sub-sector","authors":"Nimal A. Fernando","doi":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90058-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90058-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coconut is an important crop in the Sri Lanka economy, in part due to the fact that nearly 20 per cent of the country's cultivated land is planted with this crop. Yet, the coconut sub-sector's contribution to the economy has not been satisfactory. Recognizing this, successive governments have introduced several measures to assist its development. The provision of extension services through a regional office network is one such measure. Although this traditional prescription has a role to play in the development process of the coconut sub-sector a wide range of factors, some internal and some external to the extension service system, appear to limit the effectiveness of the system. Among the internal factors, assignment of high priority non-extension duties to the extension personnel and mono-crop orientation of the system are significant while, of the external factors, peculiar characteristics of the coconut palm itself, lack of high-yielding varieties in adequate quantities and macro-economic policies which tend to depress the producer prices appear to be significant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100060,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Administration and Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90058-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80290992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Indigenous specialists in agriculture: The IIRR experience 农业领域的土著专家:IIRR的经验

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90129-8

Erasmus D. Monu

引用次数: 0

Tropical agriculturalists: Future prospects 热带农学家:未来展望

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90014-1

Roger Tayler

引用次数: 0

Evaluating biotechnology: Fertiliser substitution and US rice policy 评价生物技术:化肥替代与美国大米政策

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90046-3

Jock R. Anderson , Karen Ann Dvořák, James Roumasset, Suthad Setboonsarng

引用次数: 1

On-farm trials: A survey of methods 农场试验:对方法的调查

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90045-1

Clive Lightfoot, Randolph Barker

{"title":"On-farm trials: A survey of methods","authors":"Clive Lightfoot, Randolph Barker","doi":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90045-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90045-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After more than a decade of project work on Farming Systems Research, much confusion and disagreement surrounds the methodology for on-farm experiments. This paper reports the results of a survey of 41 practitioners who were asked to report on the methods and procedures they were using in their projects, and the reasons for success or failure. Responses suggest that projects based on formal, complex, researcher-designed experiments ran into a maze of problems including logistical support, analytical needs, interdisciplinary compromise, and farmer participation. Most importantly, this conventional approach to farming systems research fails to incorporate the experimential knowledge of the farmer in the research design. Thus, many if not most farming systems research projects fail to provide useful information to farmers or to station-based researchers. On the other hand, those practitioners who do report success indicate that experiments which exploit indigenous knowledge to define research questions, and employ many farmers to conduct simple, flexible trials can provide the information needed to develop technologies relevant to resource-poor farmers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100060,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Administration and Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90045-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91533798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Enhancing effectiveness of development programmes for small farmers: Elements of an FAO training approach 提高小农发展计划的有效性:粮农组织培训方法的要素

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90127-4

Hari Mohan Mathur

{"title":"Enhancing effectiveness of development programmes for small farmers: Elements of an FAO training approach","authors":"Hari Mohan Mathur","doi":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90127-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90127-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development projects focused on the small farmer do not appear to be operating effectively in most places. Expressing its concern at the poor performance of agricultural and rural development administration, especially at the field level, the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (WCARRD), organised by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome in July 1979, recommended major adaptations in the institutions of governmental decision-making and implementation so that these acquire a capability to secure involvement of small farmers in programmes desitned to promote their development. In a series of regional expert consultations on Improving the Organization and Administration of Agricultural Development held subsequently, participants unequivocally underlined the need for the development of a cadre of administrators trained to cope with the emerging problems of agricultural development, especially those of the small farm sector. Taking into consideration the consensus that the agricultural development process has grown highly complex and that those responsible for administration need to have a better understanding of their challenging tasks. FAO has attempted to develop a programme for the training of agricultural administrators. The broad features of this innovative programme, and the methodology of putting it into operation involving the training of trainers as a very first step, are highlighted in this paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100060,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Administration and Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90127-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91274073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transfer of systems analysis and simulation in agriculture to developing countries 向发展中国家转让农业系统分析和模拟

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90008-6

F.W.T. Penning de Vries, R. Rabbinge, D.M. Jansen, A. Bakema

{"title":"Transfer of systems analysis and simulation in agriculture to developing countries","authors":"F.W.T. Penning de Vries, R. Rabbinge, D.M. Jansen, A. Bakema","doi":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90008-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90008-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Systems analysis and simulation have developed into advanced tools in agriculture. They are used in research, extension and education. The recent availability of powerful inexpensive microcomputers now allows the use of these techniques in developing countries. A training programme was developed and conducted to enable the implementation of systems analysis and simulation in several national research institutes in South and Southeast Asia. Eight teams of four researchers from different disciplines participated in the training programme, which included a case study, involving both experimentation and computer simulation at their home institutes.</p><p>The evaluation indicated that this approach to training was effective. It is expected to be applicable on a wider scale. The interactions between team members from different disciplines were strengthened by the course experiences. Simulation provided a means and a reason for communication. However, reaching the ultimate goal of systems analysis and modelling at these national research institutes, i.e. to use these tools to contribute toward increased national agricultural production, is expected to require several years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100060,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Administration and Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90008-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91623652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Agricultural commodity marketing in Nigeria without the Marketing Boards 没有营销委员会的尼日利亚农产品营销

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90109-2

Ode Ojowu, S.N-A. Mensah

引用次数: 7

Towards improving smallholder productivity: The case of irrigated agriculture in Bauchi State of Nigeria 提高小农生产力:以尼日利亚包奇州灌溉农业为例

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90099-2

Ikechukwu G. Eziakor

{"title":"Towards improving smallholder productivity: The case of irrigated agriculture in Bauchi State of Nigeria","authors":"Ikechukwu G. Eziakor","doi":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90099-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7475(88)90099-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accessibility to, and the efficient use of, the limited water supplies in the drought-prone and semi-arid areas of tropical Nigeria is a <em>sine qua non</em> for increasing agricultural productivity. Yet available evidence indicates that the majority of the farming population has not benefited from the development of supplementary water sources for irrigation. This study was, therefore, conducted in order to ascertain the degree of accessibility of smallholders and their families to a supplementary water supply for irrigation in Bauchi Local Government Area. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the crop yields of farmers who applied irrigation versus those who did not apply any form of irrigation for the cultivation of their major staple food crops was conducted in order to determine the efficiency of use of the available water for increasing output.</p><p>In general, the degree of accessibility of small farmers to supplementary water sources for irrigation is remarkably low, with less than 10 per cent of the sampled population having access to, and, therefore, utilizing, supplemental water supply for cropping. However, even though the farmers who applied irrigation realized consistently higher yields than those who did not irrigate their crops, the yield differences were not statistically significant at the 5 per cent level. Reasons for the relatively low yield response have been elucidated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100060,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Administration and Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90099-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83707163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Contents of volume 30 第30卷内容

Agricultural Administration and Extension Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7475(88)90106-7

引用次数: 0