Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine最新文献_第2页

The antioxidant role of vitamin C 维生素C的抗氧化作用

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80021-7

A. Bendich, L.J. Machlin, O. Scandurra, G.W. Burton, D.D.M. Wayner

{"title":"The antioxidant role of vitamin C","authors":"A. Bendich, L.J. Machlin, O. Scandurra, G.W. Burton, D.D.M. Wayner","doi":"10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80021-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80021-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ascorbate has been demonstrated to be an effective antioxidant. It can act both directly, by reaction with aqueous peroxyl radicals, and indirectly, by restoring the antioxidant properties of fat-soluble vitamin E. The overall consequence of these antioxidant activities is the beneficial control of lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes including those surrounding as well as within intracellular organelles. Intracellular free radical attack on non-lipid nuclear material may also be diminished.</p><p>In addition to reviewing the chemical basis of the antioxidant function of vitamin C, this report will focus on the importance of vitamin C as an antioxidant component of plasma as well as the extracellular fluids surrounding the lung, lens and retina. The protection by vitamin C of phagocytic cells involved in the defense against pathogen invasion will also be discussed.</p><p>This review presents evidence which supports the importance of vitamin C as a component of the overall antioxidant protective mechanisms found in cells and tissues. The data are consistent and form a strong consensus for investigating the importance of the antioxidant function of vitamin C in the maintenance of human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100046,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 419-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80021-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87988822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 633

The generation of utilization of chlorinated oxidants by human neutrophils 人体中性粒细胞对氯化氧化剂的产生和利用

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80025-4

Samuel T. Test, Stephen J. Weiss

{"title":"The generation of utilization of chlorinated oxidants by human neutrophils","authors":"Samuel T. Test, Stephen J. Weiss","doi":"10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80025-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80025-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The human neutrophil uses the hydrogen peroxide-myeloperoxidase-chloride system to generate a complex mixture of chlorinated oxidants which includes both hypochlorous acid (HOCI) and a wide spectrum of nitrogen-chlorine (N-C1) derivatives. Although these species differ in their reactivity with susceptible target molecules, they are capable of mediating diverse biologic effects. These effects range from the modulation of cellular function and induction of cell lysis to the regulation of neutrophil proteoIytic enzyme activity and enzyme-inhibitor interactions. When chlorinated oxidants are used by neutrophils to mediate ceil injury, HOCI appears to be the toxic species involved. The endogenous, long-lived, N-CI derivatives generated by triggered neutrophils cause little injury to microbial or mammalian targets by virtue of their hydrophilic characteristics. However, the presence of appropriate endogenous or exogenous nitrogenous compounds in the extracellular medium can result in the generation of lipophilic N-C1 oxidants having a heightened cytotoxic potential. Chlorinated oxidants are also able to participate in the regulation of neutrophil elastase and collagenase activity during release of these enzymes from intracellular lysosomal granules. Elastase activity is indirectly up-regulated by the oxidative destruction of its primary inhibitor, α1-proteinase inhibitor, while collagenase is oxidatively converted from a latent, inactive enzyme to a fully proteolytic product. Thus, neutrophils are able to convert the short-lived, nonspecific reactivity of HOCI into highly specific and long-acting effects by modifying cellular or plasma constituents that are critical to the development of the inflammatory response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100046,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 91-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80025-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83224267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 114

Cancerous esoterous 癌变esoterous

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80022-9

D.F. Flavin

引用次数: 0

Free radicals in tumor promotion 自由基促进肿瘤

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80019-9

Thomas W. Kensler, Bonita G. Taffe

引用次数: 204

Fluorescent products derived from the reaction of primary amines and components in peroxidized lipids 伯胺与过氧化脂质组分反应产生的荧光产物

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80020-5

Kiyomi Kikugawa

引用次数: 75

The Mechanisms of the Inactivation of Human Alpha-1-Proteinase Inhibitor by Gas-Phase Cigarette Smoke 人α -1蛋白酶抑制剂被气相香烟烟雾失活的机制

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80027-8

William A. Pryor, Margaret M. Dooley, Daniel F. Church

{"title":"The Mechanisms of the Inactivation of Human Alpha-1-Proteinase Inhibitor by Gas-Phase Cigarette Smoke","authors":"William A. Pryor, Margaret M. Dooley, Daniel F. Church","doi":"10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80027-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80027-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cigarette smoke, either directly or indirectly, causes alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (a1PI) to lose elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC), leaving lung connective tissues susceptible to proteolytic degradation. This paper discusses possible mechanisms for inactivation by cigarette smoke (CS) and by a model system [NO, isoprene, and air] that duplicates much of CS free radical chemistry. Inactivation of a1PI by either CS or the model is biphasic; a fast inactivation is followed by a slower one. With pre-prepared extracts, only the slow inactivation is observed. Apparently short-lived species in the smoke itself and the model system cause the fast inactivation; they may be peroxynitrates, which form in smoke from nitrogen dioxide and peroxyl radicals. The slower inactivation appears to involve hydrogen peroxide and/or organic hydroperoxides or species produced by them. Incubation of a1PI with linoleic acid produces a slow loss of EIC, prevented by the presence of vitamin E, which supports the hypothesis of a route involving lipid hydroperoxides. Protection of a1PI by various types of compounds shows that unprotonated amines and amino acids protect, but the protonated or acylated compounds do not. Ascorbate and glutathione provide the strongest protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100046,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 161-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80027-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92079736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Phospholipid autoxidation 磷脂自氧化

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80017-5

Ned A. Porter, Carston R. Wagner

引用次数: 0

Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems: Structure and functionArne Holmgren, Carl-Ivar Brändén, Hans Jörnvall, and Britt-Marie Sjöberg Raven Press, New York, price: $59.50 硫氧还蛋白和glutaredoxin系统:结构和功能:arne Holmgren, Carl-Ivar Brändén, Hans Jörnvall和Britt-Marie Sjöberg Raven出版社，纽约，价格:59.50美元

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/8755-9668(86)90028-1

H. Jayforman

引用次数: 2

Relationship between oxygen metabolism, aging and development 氧代谢、衰老与发育的关系

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80026-6

R.S. Sohal, R.G. Allen

{"title":"Relationship between oxygen metabolism, aging and development","authors":"R.S. Sohal, R.G. Allen","doi":"10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80026-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80026-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evidence concerning the involvement of metabolic rate, prooxidants and antioxidants in processes of aging and development of animals is examined. Life span of poikilotherms and homeotherms is apparently dependent on a genetically-determined metabolic potential (i.e., total amount of energy expended during life per unit weight) and the rate of metabolic expenditure. Metabolic potential may vary in different species and under different environmental conditions. The relationship between metabolic potential, metabolic rate and duration of life is most demonstrable in organisms with a variable basal metabolic rate, such as poikilotherms and mammalian hibernators. Experimental regimes which reduce metabolic rate prolong life span and tend to retard the rate of age-related physiological and biochemical changes and vice versa. Effects of metabolic rate on aging may be mediated by oxygen free radicals. Antioxidant defenses tend to decline during aging, whereas, free radical induced damage seems to increase with age. Intracellular environment becomes progressively less reducing during the course of development and aging. We have postulated that such a shift in redox potential may play a role in the modulation of gene activity during development and aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100046,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 117-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S8755-9668(86)80026-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86803083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 150

Biochemical and cellular aspects of pulmonary oxygen toxicity 肺氧毒性的生化和细胞方面

Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/8755-9668(85)90006-7

Bruce A.Freeman , A.Keith Tanswell

{"title":"Biochemical and cellular aspects of pulmonary oxygen toxicity","authors":"Bruce A.Freeman , A.Keith Tanswell","doi":"10.1016/8755-9668(85)90006-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/8755-9668(85)90006-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pulmonary oxgen toxicity results in intraalveolar hemorrhage and edema following the breakdown of the alveolar-capillary barrier. Hyperoxia causes increased production of partially reduced species of oxygen in lung cells critical for maintaining the integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier, the capillary endothelial cell and the alveolar epithelium. <span><math><mtext>In</mtext></math></span> <span><math><mtext>vitro</mtext></math></span> studies of subcellular organelles isolated from lung including mitochondria, microsomes and nuclei show that oxygen radical production by these organelles increases as a function of oxygen tension. Morphological alterations of lung cell organelles in early stages of oxygen toxicity probably reflect cell injury induced by toxic reactions of relatively high local concentrations of reactive oxygen species. Cell injury and secondary inflammatory responses will occur when edogenous antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed. Oxygen-injured lung cells release paracrine mediators which effect the growth and differentiation of other lung cells. A number of factors can modify pulmonary oxygen toxicity, including the maturational state of the lung, infiltration of phagocytic cells, liposome-mediated augmentation of lung cell antioxidant enzyme activities and commonly prescribed medications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100046,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 133-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/8755-9668(85)90006-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82457075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28