氧代谢、衰老与发育的关系

R.S. Sohal, R.G. Allen
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引用次数: 150

摘要

研究了代谢率、促氧化剂和抗氧化剂在动物衰老和发育过程中的作用。变温动物和恒温动物的寿命显然取决于基因决定的代谢潜能(即,生命中每单位体重消耗的能量总量)和代谢消耗率。代谢势在不同的物种和不同的环境条件下可能有所不同。代谢势、代谢率和寿命之间的关系在基础代谢率可变的生物中最为明显,如变温动物和哺乳动物冬眠动物。降低代谢率的实验制度会延长寿命,并倾向于延缓与年龄有关的生理生化变化的速度,反之亦然。代谢速率对衰老的影响可能与氧自由基有关。随着年龄的增长,抗氧化防御能力趋于下降,而自由基引起的损伤似乎随着年龄的增长而增加。细胞内环境在发育和衰老过程中逐渐减少。我们假设这种氧化还原电位的变化可能在发育和衰老过程中对基因活性的调节中起作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Relationship between oxygen metabolism, aging and development

Evidence concerning the involvement of metabolic rate, prooxidants and antioxidants in processes of aging and development of animals is examined. Life span of poikilotherms and homeotherms is apparently dependent on a genetically-determined metabolic potential (i.e., total amount of energy expended during life per unit weight) and the rate of metabolic expenditure. Metabolic potential may vary in different species and under different environmental conditions. The relationship between metabolic potential, metabolic rate and duration of life is most demonstrable in organisms with a variable basal metabolic rate, such as poikilotherms and mammalian hibernators. Experimental regimes which reduce metabolic rate prolong life span and tend to retard the rate of age-related physiological and biochemical changes and vice versa. Effects of metabolic rate on aging may be mediated by oxygen free radicals. Antioxidant defenses tend to decline during aging, whereas, free radical induced damage seems to increase with age. Intracellular environment becomes progressively less reducing during the course of development and aging. We have postulated that such a shift in redox potential may play a role in the modulation of gene activity during development and aging.

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