ACS ES&T Air最新文献

{"title":"Retraction of “Unique Microphysical Structures of Ultrafine Particles Emitted from Turbofan Jet Engines”","authors":"Akihiro Fushimi, Yuji Fujitani, Lukas Durdina, Julien G. Anet, Curdin Spirig, Jacinta Edebeli, Hiromu Sakurai, Yoshiko Murashima, Katsumi Saitoh, Nobuyuki Takegawa","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2196–2196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations of Reactive Bromine in the Sub-Tropical Marine Boundary Layer","authors":"Phil Rund,&nbsp;Ben H. Lee,&nbsp;Allison R. Moon,&nbsp;Becky Alexander,&nbsp;Siddharth Iyer,&nbsp;Gordon A. Novak,&nbsp;Andrew Rollins,&nbsp;Amy Lees,&nbsp;Jake T. Vallow,&nbsp;Lewis Marden,&nbsp;Lucy J. Carpenter,&nbsp;Mat J. Evans,&nbsp;Marvin D. Shaw,&nbsp;Pete M. Edwards,&nbsp;Alyson Fritzmann,&nbsp;Jochen Stutz,&nbsp;Joel A. Thornton","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reactive bromine species in the troposphere affect ozone(O₃) as well as the cycling and fate of hydrogen oxide(HO_<em>x</em>) and nitrogen oxide (NO_<em>x</em>) radicals, with implications for the oxidative capacityofthe atmosphere, greenhouse gas budgets, air quality, and human health.However, uncertainties remain in the global distribution and chemicalmechanism of inorganic bromine with few in situ observations, especiallyoutside of polar regions. We present results of speciated gas-phasereactive bromine observations made in the Marine Boundary Layer (MBL)at a coastal site in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during January andFebruary 2023, as part of the Bermuda boundary Layer Experiment onthe Atmospheric Chemistry of Halogens (BLEACH) campaign. Using aniodide-adduct high resolution time of flight chemical ionization massspectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) equipped with a custom atmospheric pressuretransverse ion–molecule reaction region (t-IMR), we observesubppt levels of atmospheric inorganic bromine compounds includingBr₂, BrCl, HOBr, BrONO₂, and BrO in the marineboundary layer. To our knowledge, these are the first reported insitu observations of gaseous bromine nitrate (BrONO₂).An experimental calibration for hypobromous acid (HOBr) produces sensitivityvalues in agreement with previous studies and theoretical calculationsinvolving binding enthalpies, which we use to convert measured ionsignals to units of ambient mixing ratios. We characterize the relationshipbetween reactive bromine levels and surrounding environmental factorsincluding meteorological conditions, influences from local pollutionsources, and “clean marine” periods of onshore winds.Measured mixing ratios for all bromine species are found to be muchlower than predicted by a GEOS-Chem model simulation, which includesfully coupled reactive halogen chemistry. We discuss the implicationsof this discrepancy on reactive bromine sources and multiphase chemistry,highlighting the need to better constrain heterogeneous uptake ratesfor key species.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2111–2127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Diurnal Variability of Urban NOx Isotopes: Keeling Plot and δ15N–Oxidative Ratio Analysis Reveal Hidden Combustion Sources","authors":"Kazuki Kamezaki,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Ishidoya,&nbsp;Ko Nakajima,&nbsp;Shohei Murayama,&nbsp;Naoki Kaneyasu","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Identifying urban nitrogen oxide (NO_<em>x</em>) sources at subdiurnal scales remains challenging becausenitrogenisotopic signatures (δ¹⁵N) can be altered by atmosphericprocessing. We evaluate whether δ¹⁵N(NO_<em>x</em>) variability is source-dominated under atmosphericconditions and whether combining isotopic and stoichiometric constraintsenables urban NO_<em>x</em> source apportionment.We conducted three &gt;36 h observation campaigns in Tsukuba, Japan,including rare nighttime δ¹⁵N(NO_<em>x</em>) measurements, alongside routine observations of NO_<em>x</em>, carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen (O₂), temperature, and solar radiation. δ¹⁵N(NO_<em>x</em>) and NO_<em>x</em> concentrationswere significantly correlated with CO₂ and O₂, but not with temperature or solar radiation, indicating variabilityassociated with source contributions. Estimated isotope effects fromdaytime nitrogen dioxide + hydroxy radical and nighttime nitrate radical–dinitrogenpentoxide chemistry were ≤1.1‰ over subdiurnal timescales. Keeling plots revealed isotopically depleted source signaturesat higher NO_<em>x</em>, with regression interceptsof −10.3 ± 1.9‰ and −8.1 ± 0.8‰.By integrating δ¹⁵N(NO_<em>x</em>) with the oxidative ratio (OR = −ΔO₂/ΔCO₂) in a Monte Carlo mixing model, we identified a contributionfrom gaseous-fuel combustion. These results demonstrate that jointδ¹⁵N–OR analysis enables subdiurnal NO_<em>x</em> source apportionment during periods of minimizedadvection and highlights the importance of residential combustionfor urban air quality management.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2066–2076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Three-Regime Transition of Ozone Control Driven by Northward-Moving Tropical Cyclones: From Local Chemistry to Transport-Supported Replenishment","authors":"Shijie He,&nbsp;Fumo Yang,&nbsp;Yaohan Xian,&nbsp;Yanyu Wang,&nbsp;Hongli Wang,&nbsp;Yu Zou,&nbsp;Xiaopu Lyu,&nbsp;Nan Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tropicalcyclones (TCs) profoundly reshape ozone (O₃) pollutionin coastal regions, yet their mechanistic impacts acrossthe full life cycle remain insufficiently understood. By integratinga decadal (2014–2023) observational data set with multiscalenumerical simulations, this study resolves the phase-dependent responsemechanisms under northward-moving TCs over the Yangtze River Delta(YRD). The study characterizes a systematic transition among threefundamentally distinct control regimes. Before landfall, large-scalesubsidence and stagnant, high-temperature conditions catalyze intensein situ photochemical production under a VOC-limited regime, elevatingO₃ to ∼91 ppb. During landfall, VOC-based O₃ formation potential decreases by 66.5% relative to P1, ascloud- and rainfall-related radiation reduction, enhanced ventilation,and deposition-related losses suppress photochemical O₃ formation. Following TC passage, surface O₃ rebounds,with nonlocal source contributions increasing from 41.3% to 63.3%.This rebound is not attributable solely to direct near-surface O₃ advection. Instead, it is consistent with the combined effectsof enhanced nonlocal influence, elevated-layer photochemical production,and subsequent vertical redistribution toward the surface. These findingsestablish TCs as active modulators that sequentially restructure therelative importance of chemistry, transport, and deposition. Our resultsunderscore the necessity of vertically explicit diagnostics and coordinatedregional precursor controls to mitigate extremes in a warming climatewhere TC characteristics are rapidly evolving.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2100–2110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine Learning High-Resolution PM2.5 Forecast Model (SmartAQ2+) Fusing Chemical Transport Model Predictions and Low-Cost Sensor Measurements","authors":"Ioannis D. Apostolopoulos,&nbsp;Evangelia Siouti,&nbsp;George Fouskas,&nbsp;Spyros N. Pandis","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce SmartAQ²⁺, a data fusion modelcombininga chemical transport model-based system (SmartAQ), low-cost PM_2.5 sensors, and machine learning (ML) to improve 3-day high-resolutionPM_2.5 forecasts in urban areas. The ML model was trainedusing 2021–2023 data from Patras, Greece and evaluated in thesame city with data from 2024. SmartAQ²⁺ had better seasonal,monthly, and hourly performance than SmartAQ, reducing its error bya factor of 2. Across the 31 Patras monitoring sites, SmartAQ²⁺ had good-to-excellent (fractional error ≤50%) monthlyaverage performance in 21 sites in winter and spring, 17 in summer,and 22 in autumn. For exceedances of the EU daily mean threshold of25 μg m^–3, SmartAQ²⁺ correctlypredicted 23 of 54 exceedance days (43%). Its performance was similarfor forecasts issued one and 2 days in advance and deteriorated by30% after 48 h. Including cooking emissions in SmartAQ and as a separateinput feature in SmartAQ²⁺ reduced daily mean error by30% at areas with high restaurant density. Sensitivity analysis showedhighest reliance on sensors in the urban core and increased relianceon SmartAQ and static spatial features toward the suburbs. Withoutretraining, the model showed preliminary evidence of spatial transferabilityto Athens.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2077–2089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geostationary Satellite Observation-Informed Modeling of Ozone Dynamics along the U.S.–Mexico Border","authors":"Aodong Mei,&nbsp;Zhengyi Cui,&nbsp;Kari North,&nbsp;Heather Highland,&nbsp;Juan Aguilera,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Xiong Liu,&nbsp;Qian Xiao,&nbsp;Yun Hang","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geostationary atmospheric sensingprovides hourly observations of urban air pollution, yet its potentialto resolve fine-scale exposure dynamics and health implications remainsunderexplored. Here, we integrate hourly measurements from NASA’sTropospheric Emissions Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) mission withmachine learning to generate 1 km ground-level ozone (O₃) fields across urban corridors of the U.S.–Mexico border,a region characterized by complex transboundary transport and sparseregulatory monitoring. The resulting predictions capture 1 km hourlyO₃ dynamics that are unresolved by conventional monitoringnetworks, with strong agreement against ground observations in random10-fold cross-validation (<em>R</em>² = 0.89, RMSE= 5.57 ppb) and independent maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) evaluation(<em>R</em>² = 0.93). We identify persistent intraurbanozone hotspots and pronounced temporal variability, with annual MDA8O₃ concentrations reaching 42–50 ppb in metropolitanareas such as El Paso and Ciudad Juárez. In an exploratoryanalysis linking these exposure fields to sleep health in a population-basedborder cohort, we found each 1 ppb increase in annual MDA8 O₃ was associated with a 0.28 point increase in the Individual PittsburghSleep Quality Index (PSQI) sleep medication use score among male participants(95% CI: 0.12–0.45, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), an associationthat remained robust across different O₃ exposure metricsincluding annual daily mean O₃ and multiple sensitivityanalyses adjusting for hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Thesefindings demonstrate how geostationary satellite systems enable high-resolutionexposure characterization, reveal pollution gradients, and advancethe understanding of behavioral health responses to atmospheric oxidantsin border regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2055–2065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Constituents and Oxidative Potential of Fine Particulate Matter in a Cannabis Consumption Lounge: A Case Study","authors":"Muchuan Niu,&nbsp;Yuan Yao,&nbsp;Zhuoying Lin,&nbsp;Xiaochen Tang,&nbsp;Haoxuan Chen,&nbsp;Suzanne E. Paulson,&nbsp;Hugo Destaillats,&nbsp;Yifang Zhu","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cannabis consumption lounges representan emerging indoor microenvironmentwhere secondhand cannabis exposure may pose potential health risks.However, understanding of particle composition and oxidative potential(OP) in these settings remains limited. In this case study, we quantifiedPM_2.5, black carbon (BC), metals, cannabinoids, and OPin a cannabis consumption lounge and assessed spatial variabilityacross three sampling locations: the smoking cabin, retail entrance,and street front. Mean (±SD) PM_2.5 concentrationsduring busy hours (12 pm–10 pm) reached 92 (±100) μg/m³ in the smoking cabin. Weekly mean PM_2.5 concentrationswere 63 (±3.3) μg/m³ in the smoking cabin anddecreased by 62% and 79% at the entrance and street-front, respectively.BC averaged 11.0 (±1.8) μg/m³ in the smokingcabin and decreased by 76% and 87%. In contrast, total cannabinoidsreached 1560 (±580) ng/m³ in the smoking cabin butdecreased more sharply by 98% and 99%. OP metrics showed assay-dependentspatial patterns: OP_v^OH decreased by 46% and64%, whereas OP_v^DTT did not follow the samemonotonic decrease. These findings suggest that chemical constituentsexhibited distinct spatial behaviors and were not fully confined tothe smoking cabin, providing exploratory evidence to inform futureengineering controls and regulatory guidance for cannabis consumptionlounges.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2143–2154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Trends of Ambient PM2.5 and Source-Apportioned Black Carbon in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Kyan K. Shlipak,&nbsp;Tesfaye Mamo,&nbsp;L. Drew Hill,&nbsp;Asmamaw Abera,&nbsp;Jeff Blair,&nbsp;Araya Asfaw,&nbsp;David J. Diner,&nbsp;Sina Hasheminassab","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ambient fine particulate matter pollution (PM_2.5) isthe leading global environmental risk factor for human health. Thisstudy leverages three years (April 2022-March 2025) of continuous,in situ ambient PM_2.5 and black carbon (BC) measurementsfrom the Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols (MAIA) investigation’ssurface monitoring network to characterize particulate air pollutionin Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Continuous PM_2.5 data were collectedfrom 10 PurpleAir sensors deployed across Addis Ababa and calibratedusing collocated Beta Attenuation Monitors at two contrasting U.S.Embassy sites (Central and Jacros). Continuous BC data were collectedwith AethLabs MA350 microAethalometers operating at these two sites.During the study period, the average PM_2.5 concentrationacross all 10 sites was 30 μg/m³, and the averageBC concentrations were 3.7 μg/m³ and 7.7 μg/m³ at Central and Jacros, respectively. Both PM_2.5 and BC concentrations exhibited strong diurnal and seasonal variation,with peaks during morning traffic and nighttime inversion, especiallyduring the wet season. PM_2.5 levels were highest at siteswest of the city center and exceeded the WHO guideline for daily PM_2.5 of 15 μg/m³ on 99% of days. The AethalometerModel for source apportionment estimated that, on average, 94% oftotal BC in Addis Ababa was attributable to fossil fuel combustion,while 6% was associated with biomass burning. Directional and trajectoryanalyses indicate distinct local and regional sources of biomass andfossil fuel BC, including potential long-range transport of shippingemissions from the Gulf of Aden. This study presents, to our knowledge,the first long-term, multisite characterization of continuous PM_2.5 and source-apportioned BC in Ethiopia. Findings from thisstudy establish a pollution baseline for this MAIA target area aheadof the satellite’s launch, improving understanding of particulatepollution levels and sources and supporting future assessment of airquality trends in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2128–2142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-Road Evaporation Emissions: An Important Contributor to Ozone Pollution","authors":"Weihang Feng,&nbsp;Victoria A. Sinclair,&nbsp;Nan Li,&nbsp;Shuhan Zhu,&nbsp;Keqin Tang,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang,&nbsp;Giancarlo Ciarelli,&nbsp;Hong Liao,&nbsp;Federico Bianchi","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Troposphericozone has become a major air quality concern, withnonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) as key precursors.Previous on-road emission studies suggest on-road evaporation emissionsnow rival or exceed exhaust emissions as NMVOC sources in urban areas,driving increased regulatory attention. However, the effectivenessof evaporation emission control in mitigating ambient ozone remainspoorly quantified. Using chemical transport model simulations overeastern China during summer 2017, we investigate regional ozone responsesto 100% reductions in on-road evaporation NMVOC emissions. Resultsreveal pronounced regional variation in O₃ benefit tiedto local photochemical regimes. In VOC-limited regions (Beijing–Tianjin–Hebeiand the Yangtze River Delta), evaporation emission controls reducemaximum daily 8-h average ozone (MDA8h O₃) by up to 8 ppbv,equivalent to a 10% relative decrease. In contrast, non-VOC-limitedregions exhibit minimal response (&lt;1 ppbv), indicating negligibleO₃ health benefits from evaporation controls alone. Thesefindings demonstrate that uniform national evaporation emission standardsmay raise regional health inequality in ozone benefits. We recommendprioritizing evaporation emission regulations in these regions whilepursuing concurrent NO_<em>x</em>-VOC cocontrolstrategies in transitional and NO_<em>x</em>-limitedareas to maximize ozone mitigation effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2090–2099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attributing Ambient Hydrocarbon Concentrations to Local Oil and Gas Emission Sources","authors":"Zhichao Chen,&nbsp;Joel D. Graves,&nbsp;Qining Chen,&nbsp;Yosuke Kimura,&nbsp;Shannon N. Stokes,&nbsp;Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz,&nbsp;David T. Allen","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.6c00163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emissions from oil and gas sources located near populatedregionscan have impacts on air quality, resulting in potential acute andchronic exposures. This work couples a high-resolution emission inventorywith dispersion modeling to quantify the contribution of hydrocarbonemissions from oil and gas operations to populated areas in Midland,Texas, within the Permian Basin oil and gas production region. Theanalyses examine the impacts of oil and gas emission sources withinthree concentric zones extending 5, 10, and 15 km from the Midlandcity center. The spatially and temporally resolved inventory provideshourly emission estimates for oil and gas operations including preproductionactivities, production, gathering, and flaring. Dispersion modelingwas conducted at an hourly resolution for a representative one-weekperiod in February 2022. Results predict that sources within the 15-kmradius contribute average concentrations of 24, 25, and 0.28 ppb forethane, propane, and benzene, respectively. These nearby sources accountfor an average of about 50% of the total predicted concentrationsfor ethane, propane, and benzene from oil and gas sources. The analysesalso show that nearby sources, coupled with certain meteorologicalconditions, can lead to acute episodic concentrations exceeding 600ppb for ethane and propane, and 7 ppb for benzene during the modeledperiod.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"3 8","pages":"2166–2174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}