化学最新文献

{"title":"Modulation of interface structure on titanium-based metal-organic frameworks heterojunctions for boosting photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.","authors":"Xiaoyu Ma, Yan Zhang, Awu Zhou, Yutong Jia, Zhenghe Xie, Lifeng Ding, Jian-Rong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rational regulation of interface structure in photocatalysts is a promising strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction. However, it remains a challenge to modulate the interface structure of multi-component heterojunctions. Herein, a strategy integrating heterojunction with facet engineering is developed to modulate the interface structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-based heterojunctions. A series of core-shell UiO-66 (Zr-MOF)-loaded MIL-125 (Ti-MOF) heterojunctions with exposed specific facets were prepared to enhance the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons-holes in CO₂ photoreduction. Impressively, MIL-125_to@UiO-66 with exposed {1 1 1} facet exhibits an excellent CO production rate (56.4 μmol g^-1 h^-1) and selectivity (99 %) under visible light irradiation without any photosensitizers/sacrificial agents, being 1.4 and 11.3 times higher than individual MIL-125_to and UiO-66, respectively. The type-II heterojunction significantly enhances the separation of photogenerated electrons-holes in physical space. The photogenerated electrons migrate from Zr in UiO-66 to Ti in MIL-125_to, promoting a spatial synergy between CO₂ reduction on MIL-125_to and H₂O oxidation on UiO-66. Compared with MIL-125_rd@UiO-66 with exposed {1 1 0} facet and MIL-125_ds@UiO-66 with exposed {0 0 1} facet, MIL-125_to@UiO-66 with exposed {1 1 1} facet improves the exposure of surface-active Ti sites, thereby enhancing the adsorption/activation of CO₂ to generate the *COOH intermediate. This work provides an effective strategy for designing MOF-based heterojunction photocatalysts to improve photocatalytic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"685 ","pages":"696-705"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floating BiOBr/Ti₃C₂ aerogel spheres for efficient degradation of quinolone antibiotics: Rapid oxygen transfer via triphase interface and effective charges separation by internal electric field.","authors":"Jing Sun, Linxing Wang, Ting Huang, Kun Liu, Tian Fu, Zisong Xu, Wenhao Yang, Zhangfa Tong, Hanbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The limited transport of oxygen at the solid-liquid interface and the poor charge separation efficiency of single catalyst significantly impedes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby weakening the application potential of photocatalytic technology in water pollution control. Herein, a hollow porous photocatalytic aerogel sphere (calcium alginate/cellulose nanofibers (CA/CNF)) loaded BiOBr/Ti₃C₂, combining a favourable mass transfer structure with effective catalytic centers was firstly presented. The floatability and hollow pore structure facilitated rapid O₂ transfer via a triphase interface, thereby promoting the generation of ROS. The oxygen diffusion flux of aerogel spheres' upper surface in triphase system exhibited a 0.151 μmol·(m²·S)^-1 increase compared to that of the diphase one based on Finite element simulation (FEM). Furthermore, owing to the regulation of charge spatial distribution by Schottky junction of BiOBr/Ti₃C₂, internal electric field (IEF) of CA/CNF@BiOBr/Ti₃C₂ achieved 1.8-fold improvement compared with CA/CNF@BiOBr, thus enhancing the separation of photogenerated charges. Accordingly, the degradation efficiency and catalytic rate constant of moxifloxacin (MOX) by CA/CNF@BiOBr/Ti₃C₂ in triphase system have improved by 20.1% and 1.5 times compared to those of diphase system, respectively. Moreover, the potential to mineralize multiple quinolone antibiotics (FQs), high resistance to complex water disturbances and excellent stability were revealed in CA/CNF@BiOBr/Ti₃C₂. Besides, the triphase system based on CA/CNF@BiOBr/Ti₃C₂ confirmed the potential for large-scale water treatment application in 500 mL MOX circular flow, reaching 90% MOX removal within 120 min. This research clarifies the oxygen mass transfer mechanism and pathways to the enhanced ROS production in a triphase system, and provides new insights into designing efficient floatable photocatalyst and adaptive reaction devices for new pollutants remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"685 ","pages":"813-825"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas and vapor phase detection of chemical threats on cooled SERS substrates.","authors":"Aron Hakonen, Tomas Rindzevicius, Damir Asoli, Johan Engelbrektsson, Max Bäckman, Nora Molander, Per Ola Andersson, Anja Boisen","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detection of airborne chemical threats is an emerging challenge amidst the prevailing tumultuous global milieu. Extensive investigation has showcased the substantial promise of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the on-site identification of hazardous chemicals present in liquid mediums, whether directly from a fluid source or through methodologies such as swab sampling. Nonetheless, exploration into the applicability of SERS for the detection of gas or vapor-phase chemical threats remains severely constrained. In this study, we present the successful realization of sub-parts per million (ppm) detection thresholds via SERS for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and Tabun (GA) chemical warfare agents, facilitated by a custom-made gas sampling cell integrated with a Peltier cooling mechanism. The cooling regimen, spanning from 20 to -17 °C, verified a 140-fold increase in the SERS signal for 1 ppm HCN, concurrently enabling the detection of HCN and Tabun concentrations as low as 0.25 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. Implementation of temperature modulation and controlled flow routines substantially reduced detection times down to 240 s for HCN, with prospects for further optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"286 ","pages":"127479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a novel large-scale targeted metabolomics method based on NFSWI-DDA mode utilizing HRMS and TQ-MS.","authors":"Rongrong Li, Xinyi Jiao, Xiaolin Wu, Lei Xu, Lin Zhang, Lifeng Han, Guixiang Pai, Wei Mi, Jiang Wu, Liming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolites identification is the major bottleneck in untargeted LC-MS metabolomics, primarily due to the limited availability of MS² information for most detected metabolites in data dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. To solve this problem, we have integrated the iterative, interval, and segmented window acquisition concepts to develop an innovative non-fixed segmented window interval data dependency acquisition (NFSWI-DDA) mode, which achieves comparable MS² coverage to data independent acquisition (DIA) mode. This acquisition strategy harnesses the strengths of both DDA and DIA, which could provide extensive coverage and excellent reproducibility of MS² spectra. Furthermore, utilizing the NFSWI-DDA data, we successfully acquired and identified a large-scale of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) ion pairs, and transitioned them from high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQ-MS). At last, a large-scale targeted metabolomics method was established practically. This method enables targeted analysis of 475 endogenous metabolites encompassing amino acids, nucleotides, bile acids, fatty acids, and carnitines, which could cover 9 major metabolic pathways as well as 65 secondary metabolic pathways. The established targeted method allows for semi-quantitative assessment of 475 metabolites while enabling quantitative analysis of 327 specific metabolites in biological samples. The method demonstrates immense potential in the detection of various biological samples, offering robust technical support and generating extensive data to advance applications in precision medicine and life sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"286 ","pages":"127566"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening perovskite interfaces with in-situ polymerized self-assembled monolayers.","authors":"Yuliang Che, Yang Wang, Ting Yu, Jinbao Zhang, Li Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been widely used as the hole transport layers (HTLs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially in all-perovskite tandems. However, the energy-level mismatch between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite leads to large voltage deficit in PSCs, and the dopant PSS with high acidity and hygroscopicity conspicuously deteriorates the device stability. Herein, a powerful strategy for constructing self-assembled polymer HTLs is developed by in-situ polymerization of functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene with carboxylic acids as side groups. This strategy facilitates the formation of a self-assembled polymer monolayer to be strongly anchored on the glass substrate, and enables the elimination of the dependence of PSS doping for traditional PEDOT. The obtained polymer HTL PEDOT-l-COOH (PTLC) exhibits an appropriate energy-level alignment with the perovskite, which enhances the charge carrier collection at the interfaces. Besides, the self-assembled PTLC with high structural ordering favors the heterogeneous nucleation of perovskite, resulting in the formation of high-quality perovskite films with superior buried interfaces. Consequently, the inverted PSCs based on PTLC demonstrate a champion conversion efficiency of 20.30 % with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.03 V which are much higher than that of PEDOT:PSS-based devices (14.47 %, 0.79 V). More encouragingly, the unsealed devices with PTLC deliver outstanding operational stability by maintaining 90 % of initial efficiency for 950 h under ambient condition with a relative humidity of 30 % ± 5 %. This work opens a new avenue for developing self-assembled PEDOT-based HTLs for optoelectronic devices, and paves the way for further improving the performance of inverted PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"685 ","pages":"1164-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimetallic synergy in Si-(CH₂)ₙ-Si-bridged binuclear indenyl-pyrrolidinyl titanium catalysts for ethylene/1-octene copolymerization","authors":"Xiangsheng Mu,&nbsp;Fengxin Yang,&nbsp;Qishun Guo,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Yanhui Chen,&nbsp;Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2025.115145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2025.115145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the cooperative effect of binuclear metallocene catalysts in olefin polymerization, a series of Si-(CH₂)ₙ-Si bridged binuclear indene pyrrolidine titanium catalysts <strong>2d-7d</strong> (Ti₂) were synthesized. The mononuclear complex NC₄H₈CpC₆H₄(Me)₂SiN(CH₃)₃TiCl₂ (Ti₁) was also prepared for control experiments. DFT calculations show that increasing the methylene spacer length (<em>n</em>=2–7) simultaneously enlarges the Ti-Ti distance (8.93–14.65 Å) and reduces the buried volume (%Vbur=16.2–12.4 %). In the presence of [Ph₃C][B(C₆F₅)₄] as a co-catalyst, <strong>2d-7d</strong> (Ti₂) showed higher activity and thermal stability. For ethylene/1-octene copolymers, especially <strong>5d</strong> (Ti₂) at 120 °C, the activity was 2.65×10⁷ g/(mol·h), the Mw was 66.93×10⁴ g/mol, and the 1-octene insertion rate was 8.4 mol%, which were 1.8 times, 1.9 times, and 1.3 times higher than that of mononuclear <strong>1d</strong> (Ti₁), respectively. Copolymers from binuclear catalysts showed reduced crystallinity and melting points due to enhanced branching, alongside improved tensile strength and elastic recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 115145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and antioxidant comparison of Quercus ilex and Quercus robur acorn extracts obtained by matrix solid-phase dispersion†","authors":"Diego Gonzalez-Iglesias, Laura Rubio, Francisco Martinez-Vazquez, Aly Castillo, Maria Celeiro, Carmen Garcia-Jares and Marta Lores","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08675A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08675A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oak (<em>Quercus</em> spp.) acorns are used in animal feed and in the treatment of specific diseases due to their nutritional value and high content of bioactive compounds. The aim of the present work is to investigate and compare polyphenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of <em>Quercus ilex</em> and <em>Quercus robur</em> acorn extracts. This is performed using the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction process, in an environmentally friendly way with different generally recognised as safe (GRAS) solvents. The GRAS solvents considered were an alcohol, a ketone, an ester and a glycol. Total polyphenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS scavenging test) were determined spectrophotometrically. The different antioxidant data obtained by two approaches are discussed. All <em>Quercus robur</em> extracts show better results than <em>Quercus ilex</em> in both total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity, the highest results being obtained with ethyl lactate, 76 mgGAE g<small>⁻¹</small> DW and 2636 μmolTE g<small>⁻¹</small> DW, respectively. These results demonstrate the correlation between total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity, and that free radical scavenging is concentration dependent. Individual quantification of the polyphenols was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with the major compounds being gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, quercetin and gallotannins in all extracts. MSPD, for the first time applied to acorns, has proven to be a good alternative to conventional processes for obtaining antioxidant extracts rich in bioactive compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 16","pages":" 12538-12546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08675a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Botanicals Based on Their Mass Spectrum Fingerprints Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Akhilesh Kumar,&nbsp;Dipak Kumar Mishra,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kanojiya","doi":"10.1002/jms.5131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.5131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the current scenario, herbal raw materials are identified via morphotaxonomy, microscopic pharmacognosy, or DNA barcoding. However, these methods do not reveal their chemical integrity, while plant raw materials play a crucial role in the quality of plant-based medicine. To overcome this limitation, we used a mass spectrometry-based method to identify 30 botanicals. This assay followed a standard operating procedure (SOP) from sample preparation to the reference library's mass spectrum fingerprint (MSFP) search. The MS1 score showed a similarity index between the input data and the reference mass spectrum. A more than 50% MS1 score was the critical threshold for accurately identifying botanicals based on their chemical integrity. Interestingly, the analysis of 30 different plant species yielded no false results. The results were 100% accurate and selective for tested botanical samples. However, we found that the standard deviation of analytical assays and biological replicates was ± 3.5 and ± 6.3 (MS1 score) for all analyzed samples, respectively. Intraspecies variability showed MS1 scores &gt; 50% ± 10, whereas interspecies variability was observed with MS1 scores &lt; 50% ± 10. The MS1 score was observed, dependent on the plant species, ranging from 53.00% (± 2.65) to 89.76% (± 4.08). In addition, the method was tested to see how seasonal and geographical changes affected search results. The MS1 score changed by less than 15%. We simultaneously created a chemical barcode (unique molecular weight sequence) for each plant species to validate search results and ensure the reliable identification of botanicals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"60 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hollow flower-like WO3@TiO2 heterojunction microspheres for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B and tetracycline†","authors":"Yinqi Yang, Guoshuai Ma, Xiaoli Hu, Wei Wang, Zhonglin Du, Yao Wang, Xue-zhong Gong, Haoyu Tan, Fengxiang Guo and Jianguo Tang","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01412C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01412C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the context of sustainable development, the utilization of semiconductor materials for the degradation of dyes, antibiotics, heavy metals, and pesticides in wastewater under visible light has emerged as a focal point of contemporary research. In this investigation, a WO<small>₃</small>@TiO<small>₂</small> composite was synthesized <em>via</em> a solvothermal method, with the composite exhibiting a molar ratio of 5% WO<small>₃</small> to TiO<small>₂</small> precursors demonstrating optimal photocatalytic degradation performance. This material achieved complete degradation of 20 mg per L Rhodamine B (RhB) dye and tetracycline (TC) antibiotic within 30 min. Furthermore, the effects of initial pollutant concentration and solution pH on catalytic efficacy were systematically explored. The findings revealed that at RhB concentrations below 40 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, the degradation proceeded at an accelerated rate, with a rate constant exceeding 0.128 min<small>⁻¹</small>. The catalyst exhibited robust performance across a broad pH range, attaining peak degradation efficiency at pH ≈ 3. The exceptional photocatalytic prowess of the WO<small>₃</small>@TiO<small>₂</small> composite is predominantly attributable to its distinctive hollow microstructure, the intimate interfacial synergy between WO<small>₃</small> and TiO<small>₂</small>, and the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes facilitated by the type-II heterojunction architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 16","pages":" 12629-12644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01412c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized screen-printed electrodes for non-invasive detection of vascular-endothelial cadherin in extracellular vesicles†","authors":"William Meza-Morales, Sahimy Ayus-Martinez, Jesus Jimenez-Osorio, Maria Buendia-Otero, Luis López, David Suleiman, Edu Suarez, Donald O. Freytes, Lisandro Cunci and Camilo Mora","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08926J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08926J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we developed a biosensor using a gold screen-printed electrode (Au-SPE) functionalized with mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and an antibody for detecting the vascular-endothelial cadherin (CD144) as a endothelial biomarker protein on extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from saliva. The MUA functionalization provides a stable platform for immobilizing the CD144 antibody, ensuring the detection of the target protein. This biosensor combines Au-SPE technology with an immunoassay, offering a rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive method for detection of CD144 carried by EVs. Characterization of saliva-derived EVs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) confirmed their morphology and size, which fell within the expected range of 80–180 nm. NTA indicated a lower concentration of particles in saliva-EVs than in serum-EVs (controls), highlighting the need for sensitive detection of EV cargos in this type of EV. Immunodetection confirmed the presence of CD144 in both saliva and serum-derived EVs, with higher concentrations in serum. Functionalization of Au-SPEs with MUA and CD144 antibodies was confirmed by significant resistance changes, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to verify the preservation of EV morphology and their capturing post-immune adsorption. A calibration curve demonstrated the high sensitivity of the biosensor prototype for detecting CD144-positive EVs, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.111 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.37 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small>, requiring only 3 μL of EV-sample. This biosensor shows potential as a novel method for detecting and studying endothelial biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in EVs isolated from saliva, a capability not currently available with existing tools. Furthermore, it provides a key platform for expanding research to other biomarkers and diseases by monitoring protein cargos in the EVs, enhancing its utility across diverse clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 16","pages":" 12609-12621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08926j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}