Catalysis Today最新文献

{"title":"Green approaches to nickel oxide nanoparticles: Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green, methyl orange dyes and antibiotic ciprofloxacin","authors":"Ishita Kapil ,&nbsp;Pinky Yadav ,&nbsp;Sachin Vats ,&nbsp;Gourav Sharma ,&nbsp;Anchita Das ,&nbsp;Sambhunath Bera ,&nbsp;Mrinal Dutta ,&nbsp;Ayana Bhaduri","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work demonstrates a sustainable green synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles using plant extracts from neem (<em>Azadirachta indica</em>), guava (<em>Psidium guajava</em>), and onion peel (<em>Allium cepa</em>), yielding NiO-N, NiO-G, and NiO-O respectively. The nanoparticles exhibited strong visible-light absorption, favorable morphology, high crystallinity, and crystallite sizes of 23 nm (NiO-N), 15 nm (NiO-G), and 13 nm (NiO-O) with surface areas of 64.17, 38.44 and 39.85 m²/g. Advanced characterizations (XRD, UV-Vis, PL, Raman, FESEM, FTIR, Zeta potential, XPS, BET) confirmed NiO nanoparticles formation, Ni-rich surface regions, and mixed-valence Ni²⁺/Ni³ ⁺ states enriched with oxygen vacancies. Photocatalytic studies under visible and natural sunlight revealed efficient degradation of Methyl Orange (89–96 %), Brilliant Green (87–90 %), and Ciprofloxacin (65–78.2 %), with enhanced performance in sunlight (up to 98 % for MO, 94 % for BG, and 85 % for CIF) within 160 mins. Radical scavenging experiments identified •OH as the dominant reactive species, supported by h⁺ and e⁻ contributions. The catalysts exhibited high stability and reusability, with only 7 % efficiency loss after four cycles. These findings highlight the potential of green-synthesized NiO nanoparticles as robust, eco-friendly photocatalysts for sustainable wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 115696"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forced concentration cycling of methane and air over Ni(-C)/NiAl2O4 produces less syngas with increasing pressure","authors":"Nooshin Moradi ,&nbsp;Dominic Eames ,&nbsp;Daria C. Boffito ,&nbsp;Federico Galli ,&nbsp;Gregory S. Patience","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Syngas is a feedstock for platform chemicals and fuels like methanol, ammonia and hydrocarbon liquids via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Chemical looping reforming has been under development for decades to produce syngas and comprises two interconnected vessels that cycle between a net reduction atmosphere and a net oxidation atmosphere. Rather than cycling solids, switching the gas feeds is an alternative approach to forced concentration cycling. Here, we tested a fixed bed reactor containing 5<!--> <!-->g of Ni/NiAl₂O₄ as the catalyst, which alternated between NiC (reduction step) and Ni (oxidation step). A 4-way valve fed methane at <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>15</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>L</mi></mstyle><mo>/</mo><mstyle><mo>min</mo></mstyle></mrow></math></span> during the reduction cycle and 21% O₂/Ar mixture during the oxidation cycle, each cycle lasting 2<!--> <!-->min. Methane conversion reached 98% above 800<!--> <!-->°C and 0.1<!--> <!-->MPa but to 75% at 2<!--> <!-->MPa. Concurrently, the H₂ and CO selectivity also decreased. At all of the operating conditions, H₂ was the dominant product during the reduction cycle and CO predominated during the oxidation cycle. Over the course of a 6<!--> <!-->h experiment, the H₂ and CO yield remained constant. Additionally, the residence time distribution analysis suggests the reactor operated in plug flow with Peclet numbers exceeding 70.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 115698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of alkali promotion on the catalytic performance of the synergetic K/Fe3O4-Fe5C2/Al2O3 catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to light paraffins and olefines","authors":"Zixuan Lin,&nbsp;Yasaman Ghaffari,&nbsp;Anik Ashirwadam,&nbsp;Ali Izadbakhsh,&nbsp;David S.A. Simakov","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of K/α-Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts with high specific surface area (150–300 m²/g) and various levels of alkali promotion (0–11 wt% K) were synthesized using the reverse microemulsion method. The capacity of the catalysts to transform CO₂ into light olefins and paraffins via direct hydrogenation at moderate pressures was examined. The effect of potassium loading was investigated in the 300–500 °C range at 11 bar, evaluating catalytic performance in terms of CO₂ conversion, C2+ selectivity, and space time yield (STY). Reaction tests showed that 7.8 wt% K loading provides the highest CO₂ conversion and C2+ selectivity, of 45 % and 46 %, respectively, with a space time yield of 6.5 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 11 bar and 400 °C. The catalyst without alkali promotion provided only 24 % CO₂ conversion, 12 % C2 + selectivity, and a space time yield of 0.87 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Under reaction conditions α-Fe₂O₃ was converted to a mixture of Fe₃O₄ and χ-Fe₅C₂ nanoparticles that act synergistically to reduce and hydrogenate CO₂. Alkali promotion notably enhanced the formation of χ-Fe₅C₂, leading to higher selectivity to C2 + hydrocarbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 115631"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145500398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cobalt complex catalysts having a fourteen-membered ring structure and conventional sixteen-ones for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions","authors":"Zhiqing Feng ,&nbsp;Soutaro Honda ,&nbsp;Keisuke Awaya ,&nbsp;Masato Machida ,&nbsp;Makoto Moriya ,&nbsp;Yuta Nabae ,&nbsp;Junya Ohyama","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing efficient and durable non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts is critical for advancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic conditions. Recently, we presented the enhanced performance of carbon supported cobalt complex catalysts with a 14-membered ring hexaazamacrocyclic ligand (Co-14MR/C) catalysts than carbon supported Co phthalocyanine (CoPc/C) catalysts having 16-membered ring (16MR) for the acidic ORR and HER in terms of catalytic activity and durability to propose Co-14MR structures as promising design basis of non-PGM catalyst. In the present study, we extend the comparative analysis to include Co tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP), another widely used Co-16MR complex. Although the performance of CoTPP/C catalysts surpasses those of CoPc/C catalysts, Co-14MR/C catalysts show higher activity and durability than CoTPP/C catalysts for both reactions. Therefore, it is indicated that Co-14MR/C catalysts are more effective for the ORR and HER compared to Co-16MR/C catalysts. In addition, based on structural analysis using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, it is confirmed that the shorter Co-N bond length Co-14MR/C catalysts than Co-16MR/C catalysts is one of the key structural factors to long-term durability. These findings highlight the unique advantages of the 14MR ligand in enhancing both the activity and durability of CoN₄ electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 115635"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto-engineered CuO using Elettaria cardamomum: A visible-light-driven photocatalyst with antibacterial potential for environmental and biomedical applications","authors":"Harpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Mir Waqas Alam ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alsawat ,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kumar ,&nbsp;Ramandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Manesh A. Yewale ,&nbsp;Chandra Kumar ,&nbsp;Chinnasamy Sridevi ,&nbsp;Gassoumi Bouzid ,&nbsp;Mika Sillanpaa","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A complete UHPLC-MS phytochemical profiling of <em>Elettaria cardamomum</em> pod extract was conducted, identifying a dominant terpenoid glycoside (<em>m/z</em> 694.185) alongside flavonoid and phenolic acids that collectively mediate reduction, nucleation, and capping in the green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles (<em>EC</em>:CuO NPs). The resulting <em>EC</em>:CuO NPs exhibited a monoclinic structure with Cu²⁺ oxidation state, diverse morphologies (35–600 nm), and high purity (Cu 74.99 wt%, O 25.01 wt%), as confirmed by XRD, XPS, FESEM/EDS. Significant Methyl Orange (MO) adsorption was observed after optimizing reaction parameters, while ROS-scavenger studies identified photogenerated holes (h⁺) as the dominant oxidative species, followed by •OH and O₂⁻• radicals. Under simulated solar irradiation (1 sun), <em>EC</em>:CuO NPs achieved 99 % MO degradation within 90 min, with a quantum yield of 1.60 × 10⁻⁴ molecules photon⁻¹ , a space-time yield of 7.98 × 10⁻⁶ molecules photon⁻¹ mg⁻¹ , and a rate constant (k) of 0.07332 min⁻¹ . The catalyst retained over 92 % efficiency after four reuse cycles. Agar-well assays demonstrated potent antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 2.8 cm and 2.6 cm against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, respectively, attributed by Cu²⁺-ion release and ROS-mediated membrane disruption. These findings establish <em>EC</em>:CuO NPs as a comprehensively characterized, dual-function material for sustainable dye mineralization and broad-spectrum antimicrobial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 115697"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual response of various TiO2 specimens for the solar photocatalytic inactivation of Escherichia coli and degradation of humic matter","authors":"Ceyda S. Uyguner-Demirel,&nbsp;Ezgi Lale,&nbsp;Miray Bekbolet","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photocatalysis is regarded as a plausible approach for degradation of micropollutants, natural organic matter and a variety of microorganisms in water. As a used photocatalyst, several modification methodologies <em>i.e</em>., Fe^3 + doping of TiO₂ are required to extend the light harvesting range to visible region. This study was conducted to investigate the role of bare (P-25), synthesized TiO₂ (SynTiO₂) and their respective Fe doped specimens on simultaneous degradation of organic matrix and inactivation of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) in humic acid (HA) solution consisting of major cations/anions representing natural water matrix (WM). Inactivation efficiency modelled by first order kinetics revealed an order as “high dose (hd) Fe-bare specimens-low dose (ld) Fe” in HAWM solution. On the other hand, solar photocatalytic inactivation kinetics of <em>E. coli</em> in HA followed the order of effectiveness as; ldFe-SynTiO₂≈SynTiO₂&gt;hdFe-SynTiO₂&gt;hdFe-TiO₂&gt;ldFe-TiO₂&gt;TiO₂. The selectivity of TiO₂ towards organics was evident in both HA solution and HAWM solution. Following photocatalytic inactivation, release of intracellular organic matter was followed by specific UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopic parameters. Bare TiO₂ was more effective in removal of all specific UV–vis parameters in comparison to SynTiO₂. Fe dose dependency could be related to the HAWM components displaying a discriminating effect in between TiO₂ and SynTiO₂. UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopic parameters were evaluated in accordance with total K, carbohydrate and protein contents. The results demonstrated that solar photocatalysis using Fe doped TiO₂ specimens could well serve as an alternative method for disinfection purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 115636"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of BiOX/Bi2WO6/Bi2S3 ternary heterostructures for enhanced solar light photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in aquatic media","authors":"Muhammad Naeem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran ,&nbsp;Shoomaila Latif ,&nbsp;Adnan Ashraf ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Naeem Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of trace levels of antibiotics in drinking water poses a serious concern as it contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In this study, various bismuth-based ternary heterostructure photocatalysts were synthesized by combining BiOX/Bi₂WO₆ (where X = Cl, Br, or I) heterostructures with Bi₂S₃ at a molar ratio of 1:1:1. The X-ray deffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of BiOX/Bi₂WO₆/Bi₂S₃ ternary heterostructures with tunable band gaps, while the photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy indicated enhanced charge separation. The photocatalytic performance of these ternary heterostructures was evaluated by degrading ciprofloxacin (CFX) in an aqueous solution under solar light. All the ternary heterostructures, namely BiOCl/Bi₂S₃/Bi₂WO₆ (BWS-Cl), BiOBr/Bi₂S₃/Bi₂WO₆ (BWS-Br), and BiOI/Bi₂S₃/Bi₂WO₆ (BWS-I), demonstrated excellent photodegradation of CFX within 120 min. The degradation rate constant (k) for CFX using the BWS-Cl heterostructure was 0.023 min⁻¹ . The effect of catalyst dosage, CFX concentration, and the initial pH of the drug solution on the photocatalytic degradation performance of CFX was also examined. Notably, the BWS-Cl exhibited the highest degradation efficiency at 96.6 %, achieved under sunlight with an optimized catalyst dosage of 0.6 g/L and an initial ciprofloxacin concentration of 5 ppm at a pH of 9.00. Based on the results from radical trapping experiments and PL analysis, a potential degradation mechanism for CFX by these heterostructures was proposed. The stable and reusable ternary heterostructure photocatalysts developed in this work may find applications in the removal of CFX and other similar emerging organic pollutants from potable water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 115693"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigate biodiesel products using heterogeneous catalysts in variations lauric acid feedstock through elemental analysis and emissions testing using diesel engines","authors":"Anggara Dwita Burmana ,&nbsp;Renita Manurung ,&nbsp;Iriany ,&nbsp;Taslim","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiesel, a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, was produced using lauric acid derived from palm kernel and coconut oils and Amberlite HPR 1100 Na as a catalyst. The esterification process was conducted with varying catalyst concentrations (5 % to 20 %), molar ratio (5:1–8:1) and temperatures (65 °C to 80 °C), achieving optimal conversion rates of 93.5 % and 92.7 % for palm kernel and coconut oils, respectively, at 20 % catalyst concentration and 65 °C. The reusability of the catalyst showed promising results, maintaining high efficiency over seven cycles for palm kernel oil and six for coconut oil. Analytical techniques, including gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyridine FTIR, brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) and elemental analysis confirmed the structural and compositional integrity of the catalyst and biodiesel produced. The results of the emissions analysis of biodiesel products, including CO, CO₂, NO_x, SO_x, hydrocarbons, and smoke opacity, as well as comparisons with petroleum diesel, are presented. This study aims to highlight the potential of Amberlite HPR 1100 Na in increasing the yield and sustainability of biodiesel by enabling its efficient reuse. Additionally, this study will examine the extent to which this biodiesel product generates emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 115686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct production of propylene glycol from propylene using bifunctional Al-TS-1","authors":"Kwang Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Haneul Kim,&nbsp;Ja Hun Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Propylene glycol (PG) is an important industrial chemical used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and antifreeze. The conventional industrial process for producing PG involves a two-step procedure: the epoxidation of propylene (PP), followed by the hydrolysis of propylene oxide (PO) into PG. However, this process involves multiple separation and purification steps that are economically and energetically inefficient. Herein, we present a bifunctional Al-TS-1 catalyst for the direct synthesis of PG from PP using H₂O₂ as an oxidant under mild conditions. The catalyst features two active centers of isomorphic substituted monomeric titanium in a zeolite framework for PP epoxidation as well as Brønsted acidic aluminum sites for PO hydrolysis. Al-TS-1 efficiently facilitates epoxidation and hydrolysis with over 95 % PG selectivity from PP, higher than that of physically mixed TS-1 and ZSM-5 catalysts. However, its activity is relatively low owing to pore blocking by the produced PG. To overcome this low activity, we optimized the reaction media to acetone/H₂O, which enhanced PG dissolution from zeolite pores and increased the accessibility of propylene to the active centers in the zeolite pores. As a result, over 99 % catalytic overall activity and over 98 % PG selectivity was achieved using Al-TS-1. The direct PG production from the PP system using a bifunctional Al-TS-1 catalyst successfully demonstrates high PG selectivity and broadens its potential for efficient PG production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 115634"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effect of ionic liquids as anolytes in photoelectrochemical-driven water splitting","authors":"S. Messias ,&nbsp;I. Merino-Garcia ,&nbsp;A.B. Paninho ,&nbsp;D. Nunes ,&nbsp;T. Calmeiro ,&nbsp;M. Morais ,&nbsp;R. Martins ,&nbsp;M.J. Mendes ,&nbsp;L.C. Branco ,&nbsp;J. Albo ,&nbsp;A.S. Reis-Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><div>The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has intensified the focus on technologies that can efficiently convert renewable resources into usable energy while simultaneously addressing CO₂ emissions. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting emerges as a promising approach, utilizing solar energy to produce renewable H₂. This study investigates PEC-driven water splitting using a multi-layered BiVO₄/WO₃ photoanode in combination with an ionic liquid-based anolyte under visible light, including [EMIM][OTf] and [EMIM][Ac]. The research aims to explain the effects of ionic liquid-based electrolytes on the structural integrity of the photoanode, particularly concerning morphological changes and catalyst degradation. Furthermore, the stability of the ionic liquids and their susceptibility to photodegradation are evaluated to determine their viability for PEC applications. This work reveals that the incorporation of the studied ionic liquids does not compromise the structural integrity of BiVO₄/WO₃ and maintains PEC functionality. Notably, the ionic liquid [EMIM][OTf] offers enhanced photostability and better operational stability (stable current and low photodegradation) compared to [EMIM][Ac]. Additionally, ¹H NMR spectra indicate minimal photodegradation levels of 1 % for [EMIM][OTf] and 4 % for [EMIM][Ac], showing up the stability of these ionic liquids after use. Overall, the integration of ionic liquids into the anolyte of PEC technologies presents a promising path for enhancing the stability of systems designed for photo-assisted renewable energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":264,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Today","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 115700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}