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Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy最新文献

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Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with a combination of acyclovir and human lymphoblastoid interferon. 阿昔洛韦联合人淋巴母细胞干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
S W Schalm
{"title":"Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with a combination of acyclovir and human lymphoblastoid interferon.","authors":"S W Schalm","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The possible enhancement effect of acyclovir or its prodrug descyclovir in combination with human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) was studied in three trials with a total of 146 patients with chronic hepatitis B; a pilot study (Study 1; n = 12), two randomized controlled studies, one with a combination of descyclovir and interferon (Study 2; n = 36) and the other using acyclovir and interferon (Study 3; n = 98). The results from Study 1 and 2 showed that combination therapy with interferon and acyclovir or descyclovir (n = 25) was associated with a 40% HBe+ seroconversion rate, compared to 30% with interferon treatment alone (n = 10), 18% with acyclovir alone (n = 11) and 0% with no treatment (n = 18). Preliminary results from Study 3 on rate of HBe-seroconversion are similar to previous studies. Antiviral therapy with interferon and acyclovir or its prodrug, have resulted in significantly enhanced HBe seroconversion. The intravenous acyclovir component of combination therapy is however cumbersome and research should be directed towards finding an oral anti-hepatitis drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 Suppl 3 ","pages":"26-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14377416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perspectives for the chemotherapy of AIDS. 艾滋病化疗展望。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
E De Clercq
{"title":"Perspectives for the chemotherapy of AIDS.","authors":"E De Clercq","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several steps in the replicative cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could be envisaged as targets for anti-AIDS drugs. The anionic compound PMEA [9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxyethyl)adenine], the 2'3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues D4T (2',3-deidehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine), AzddUrd 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine), FddUrd (3'-fluoro-2',3-dideoxyuridine), AzddDAPR (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-2,6' diaminopurine riboside) and the sulfated polysaccharides dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate are among the most promising candidate anit-AIDS drugs which have been recently described. They are targeted at either virus-cell binding (dextran sulfate, pentosan polysulfate) or virus-associated reverse transcriptase (PMEA, D4T, AzddUrd, FddUrd, AzddDAPR).</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 6","pages":"357-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14041114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbiological indications for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. 金黄色葡萄球菌感染治疗的微生物指征。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
A Fabbri, A Tacchella, M L Belli, G Losurdo
{"title":"Microbiological indications for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections.","authors":"A Fabbri,&nbsp;A Tacchella,&nbsp;M L Belli,&nbsp;G Losurdo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Authors report microbiological data on the inhibitory activity of cephalothin, cefamandole, FCE 22101, gentamicin, netilmicin, amikacin, rifampicin, clindamycin, josamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin against 165 clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains. 34 of the study strains, i.e. 20.6%, were methicillin- and oxacillin-resistant. The activity of the tested drugs was good; the presence of nosocomial strains resistant to rifampicin (12.13%), clindamycin (13.94%), josamycin (18.2%), ofloxacin (4.85%), ciprofloxacin (12.7%), gentamicin (27.3%), amikacin (9.7%), netilmicin (7.9%) was noted. The Authors emphasize the good inhibitory activity of tested beta-lactam drugs against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococci, but also the limits of these drugs against methicillin-resistant strains. The activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin on all study strains was very good.</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 6","pages":"378-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14347734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of orally administered activated charcoal on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. 口服活性炭对健康志愿者环丙沙星药代动力学的影响。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
D Torre, C Sampietro, C Quadrelli, W Bianchi, F Maggiolo
{"title":"Effects of orally administered activated charcoal on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.","authors":"D Torre,&nbsp;C Sampietro,&nbsp;C Quadrelli,&nbsp;W Bianchi,&nbsp;F Maggiolo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic orally active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Recent literature indicates that orally administered activated charcoal can alter the bioavailability of many drugs and in vitro studies have demonstrated an interaction with ciprofloxacin. To evaluate in vivo the effects of activated charcoal on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics, six healthy volunteers received, according to a cross-over design, either ciprofloxacin 500 mg alone or concomitantly 1 g activated charcoal. The coadministration of the latter drug did not influence any of the considered pharmacokinetic parameters. Activated charcoal at a clinically effective dose, therapeutically used in gaseousness, does not alter ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 6","pages":"382-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14347735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The natural history of hepatitis B virus infection. 乙型肝炎病毒感染的自然史。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
A L Eddleston
{"title":"The natural history of hepatitis B virus infection.","authors":"A L Eddleston","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It was previously thought that two distinct types of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection existed. However recent evidence suggests that these are in fact phases in a continuous spectrum which evolves with time. Immediately after infection there is active viral replication. In patients infected in adult life, particularly in Europe and the USA, this is associated with varying degrees of liver damage. In those infected at birth, particularly in the Far East, there is initially much less inflammation with normal liver function. In succeeding years, viral replication decreases and liver damage increases with more deranged liver function test results. Eventually viral replication ceases and liver inflammation decreases, resulting in seroconversion with a loss of HBeAg and appearance of anti-HBe. Unfortunately, cirrhosis has already developed in some adults, with the increased risk of the later development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. It is likely that there is a favourable window during the natural history of the infection when interferon is effective, probably in the few years immediately before spontaneous seroconversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 Suppl 3 ","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13618091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of cefamandole on hemostasis in patients undergoing hip replacement with heparin prophylaxis. 头孢曼铎对肝素预防髋关节置换术患者止血的影响。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
G Agnelli, R Guerciolini, F Boldrini, A Tonzani, P Della Torre, G G Nenci, A Del Favero
{"title":"Effects of cefamandole on hemostasis in patients undergoing hip replacement with heparin prophylaxis.","authors":"G Agnelli,&nbsp;R Guerciolini,&nbsp;F Boldrini,&nbsp;A Tonzani,&nbsp;P Della Torre,&nbsp;G G Nenci,&nbsp;A Del Favero","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the prophylactic use of cefamandole versus oxacillin plus gentamicin on hemostasis in patients undergoing hip replacement with heparin prophylaxis. Twenty-four patients with a normal hemostatic profile were randomly allocated to receive either cefamandole or oxacillin plus gentamicin. All the patients received calcium heparin. Platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), fibrinogen and serum FDP were assessed before treatment and every day of antibiotic administration. Surgical bleeding was assessed using a four-grade score system. Platelet count, bleeding time, fibrinogen and serum FDP did not show any change with both treatments. PT, aPTT and TCT showed a similar and mild prolongation in the two groups of patients. No difference in the surgical bleeding was observed between the two groups. We conclude that a short-term prophylaxis with cefamandole is a safe regimen in patients undergoing hip replacement with heparin prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 6","pages":"396-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14350234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combination treatment of wellferon and zidovudine in asymptomatic HIV p24 Ag positive patients. 威铁龙联合齐多夫定治疗无症状HIV p24 Ag阳性患者。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
J O Nielsen
{"title":"Combination treatment of wellferon and zidovudine in asymptomatic HIV p24 Ag positive patients.","authors":"J O Nielsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 Suppl 3 ","pages":"35-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14377417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The activity of antistaphylococcal drugs on nosocomial Staphylococcus epidermidis. 抗葡萄球菌药物对院内表皮葡萄球菌的活性研究。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
A Fabbri, A Tacchella, M L Belli
{"title":"The activity of antistaphylococcal drugs on nosocomial Staphylococcus epidermidis.","authors":"A Fabbri,&nbsp;A Tacchella,&nbsp;M L Belli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In reporting on the activity of cephalothin, cefamandole, FCE 22101, gentamicin, netilmicin, amikacin, rifampicin, clindamycin, josamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin on 72 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains clinically isolated in the hospital, the Authors observed a high percentage of methicillin-resistance (68.05%) as well as resistance to other important drugs such as gentamicin (72.22%), rifampicin (27.7%), clindamycin (36.1%), and josamycin (40.27%). They also recorded good inhibitory activity of the studied beta-lactam drugs. However, this activity was not confirmed against methicillin-resistant strains when the test was performed under particular technical conditions (hypertonic medium, incubation at 30 degrees C, inoculum = 10(6)). The Authors also emphasize the poor bactericidal activity against these strains. The activity of quinolones was good; the activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin was very good on all strains studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 6","pages":"373-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14347733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Management of non A, non B hepatitis: the problem and its treatment. 非甲、非乙型肝炎的管理:问题及其治疗。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
H C Thomas, M R Jacyna, J Main
{"title":"Management of non A, non B hepatitis: the problem and its treatment.","authors":"H C Thomas,&nbsp;M R Jacyna,&nbsp;J Main","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non A, non B (NANB) hepatitis is caused by at least three, as yet unidentified, viruses and can occur as a result of blood transfusions, the use of blood products, covert or overt percutaneous exposure and epidemic waterborne outbreaks of infection. The three types of viruses are characterised by their incubation times; a short time of 2-4 weeks, a longer time of 6-12 weeks and a intermediate period for the waterborne NANB hepatitis virus. Acute NANB hepatitis is milder than HBV hepatitis with lower peak transaminase levels. However, some develop into fulminant hepatitis with a lower survival rate of 0.13%. Ten to 100% of acute patients progress to chronic NANB hepatitis. It was found that alpha-lymphoblastoid interferon at levels of 3-5 megaunits (MU) thrice weekly returned transaminase levels to normal within 6-8 weeks. Approximately 80% had normal levels by the eighth week of treatment and this was maintained on 2.5-3 MU thrice weekly; a well tolerated dose. Long term, low-dose therapy is needed to maintain remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 Suppl 3 ","pages":"30-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14282689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antibiotics and immunity: effects of antibiotics on mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes and interleukin-2 production. 抗生素与免疫:抗生素对淋巴细胞有丝分裂原反应性和白细胞介素-2产生的影响。
Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy Pub Date : 1988-12-01
M S Ibrahim, Z A Maged, A Haron, R Y Khalil, A M Attallah
{"title":"Antibiotics and immunity: effects of antibiotics on mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes and interleukin-2 production.","authors":"M S Ibrahim,&nbsp;Z A Maged,&nbsp;A Haron,&nbsp;R Y Khalil,&nbsp;A M Attallah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immunomodulating properties of antimicrobial drugs may have important implications in prescriptive practice. This is particularly so for patients whose immune system has been compromised. In this study, tetracycline, cephalothin, rifampicin, polymyxin B and nitrofurantoin reduced mitogen responsiveness of both B and T lymphocytes of mouse spleen cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin and erythromycin had no effect. In the in vivo study none of the antibiotics affected mouse spleen cell transformation in response to mitogen. The addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) did not prevent the effect of the antibiotics tested on human lymphocytes in vitro. Cephalothin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin decreased IL-2 production by mouse spleen cells in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":9733,"journal":{"name":"Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy","volume":"7 6","pages":"369-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14393814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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