{"title":"Real-World Long-Term Experience on Endoxifen in Bipolar Disorder with Psychotic Symptoms.","authors":"Vikas Thanvi","doi":"10.1155/2022/3684181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3684181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence suggests that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) signalling may have a contributing role in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Endoxifen, an active metabolite of tamoxifen, is a potent direct PKC inhibitor. This report presents a severe case of a BPAD patient with a baseline Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score of 49, associated family history and addiction to psychostimulants, with no improvement by the first and second-generation antipsychotics. Treatment with endoxifen 8 mg once a day showed improvement in manic symptoms with a YMRS score of 4 and a reduction in the use of psychostimulants as well as other antipsychotic concomitant medications. No adverse effects were noted up to 8-month follow-up. Long-term treatment with endoxifen is safe and effective in severe BPAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"3684181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9271003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40513179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moayyad Alsalem, Majed A Alharbi, Rayan A Alshareef, Raghad Khorshid, Salman Thabet, Abdulrahman Alghamdi
{"title":"Mania as a Rare Adverse Event Secondary to Steroid Eye Drops.","authors":"Moayyad Alsalem, Majed A Alharbi, Rayan A Alshareef, Raghad Khorshid, Salman Thabet, Abdulrahman Alghamdi","doi":"10.1155/2022/4456716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4456716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since glucocorticoids (GCs) were introduced for the treatment of various diseases, they have been linked with the development of psychiatric adverse effects such as mania, depression, and psychosis. These behavioral or psychiatric adverse events usually appear within a few days after commencing GCs and are possibly to reverse with drug withdrawal. We present a rare case of a 75-year-old woman who developed mania during treatment with GC eye drops following cataract surgery. Management consisted of discontinuing prednisolone and administering olanzapine, which resulted in full recovery in a week. Olanzapine was then discontinued, and a diagnosis of steroid-induced mania was concluded for this case.</p>","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"4456716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40397130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allotrichophagia: A Unique Case of Parental Adjustment to Filial Pediatric Malignancy.","authors":"Damir Huremović, Madhavi Latha Nagalla, Sameer Khan","doi":"10.1155/2022/5949321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5949321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 36-year-old Hispanic female patient with gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss was found to have a trichobezoar in her stomach requiring a surgical removal. Psychiatry team was consulted due to concerns for depression and trichotillomania. The psychiatric evaluation revealed that the patient was not ingesting her own hair - the most common instance in cases of trichotillomania and trichophagia, but her daughter's hair. The patient was doing this as an unconscious, spontaneous response to her daughter's manifest hair loss caused by daughter's malignancy and treatment thereof. The patient was given a diagnosis of Adjustment disorder and treated as such, as the patient's symptoms resolved with her daughter's remission. The patient's cultural background was taken into consideration and the team explored cultural factors that could have mediated such a response. The team also explored the psychodynamic aspects of this case in order to attain a more comprehensive understanding of this patient's unique presentation. To best describe this unusual behavior, we coined a term for such a phenomenon - <b>allotrichophagia</b> (Greek: eating others' hair).</p>","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"5949321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9217604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Esophagitis after Clozapine Use in a 61-Year-Old Woman with Refractory Schizophrenia","authors":"Sung Min Ma, J. Lim, Chunsu Jiang, Luminita Luca","doi":"10.1155/2022/7033038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7033038","url":null,"abstract":"Clozapine-induced esophagitis has been rarely reported. We herein report a case of a 61-year-old woman with schizophrenia who developed hematemesis, fever, and tachycardia after the initiation of clozapine. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed esophageal mucosal ulcerations. Her gastrointestinal symptoms resolved with pantoprazole, allowing continuation of her clozapine treatment. We report here an unusual association of severe esophagitis with clozapine use.","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89948699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majed AlShakori, Savera I Arain, Shabeer A Thorakkattil, Syed Abdulkader
{"title":"Exacerbation of Mania due to Metronidazole in a Bipolar Disorder Patient.","authors":"Majed AlShakori, Savera I Arain, Shabeer A Thorakkattil, Syed Abdulkader","doi":"10.1155/2022/3748101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3748101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder where the patient experiences extreme shifts in mood marked by depression, mania, or hypomania. It affects their overall daily life activities and sleep patterns. This case report is of a 74-year-old female patient with bipolar disorder who experienced a manic episode after initiation of antibiotics to treat gallbladder perforation with abscess formation. The patient's past medical history included Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, bipolar disorder, and acalculous cholecystitis. The patient required hospitalization for a cholecystostomy tube insertion for drainage. During hospitalization, the patient was started on empiric treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, including piperacillin/tazobactam and metronidazole. The patient remained stable during the inpatient stay and was discharged home one week later. She was prescribed cefuroxime and metronidazole to complete a 2-week duration of antibiotics. However, upon discharge, she developed manic symptoms, including lack of need to sleep, excessive talking, and severe agitation. Upon assessment, the psychiatric team decided to hold metronidazole as it has an adverse effect of mania as evidenced in drug information resources. The patient started to show immediate recovery from the symptoms with complete resolution of manic symptoms on the 3<sup>rd</sup> day following the discontinuation of metronidazole. This case emphasizes the increased need for vigilance in bipolar patients upon prescribing metronidazole. Also, further research is needed to predict the time to onset of manic symptoms and improvement in patient symptoms upon drug discontinuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"3748101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9402365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33442908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Organic Delusional Disorder due to Tuberculous Adrenalitis","authors":"Pooja Govind, Karthick Subramanian, Suriya Kumar","doi":"10.1155/2022/5056976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5056976","url":null,"abstract":"Primary adrenal insufficiency rarely occurs due to infections, which consequently involves destruction or dysfunction of both adrenal cortices. Tuberculous adrenalitis is still a frequent cause of adrenal insufficiency in developing countries. We present the case of origin of multiple delusions along with recurrent spells of vomiting and giddiness in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). A thorough medical history combined with a panel of biochemical and endocrine investigations revealed disseminated TB with choroid tubercles and adrenal infiltration leading to primary adrenal insufficiency. A diagnosis of organic delusional disorder secondary to disseminated TB-associated adrenal insufficiency was considered. The patient was managed with risperidone and antitubercular drugs. The psychosis improved and the patient was stable during the follow-up. The present case report adds to the literature on diagnostic challenges associated with psychosis due to adrenal insufficiency secondary to disseminated TB.","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90502880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Prolonged Postelectroconvulsive Therapy Delirium","authors":"Brianna Gutowski, Emily Bomasang-Layno","doi":"10.1155/2022/6966882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6966882","url":null,"abstract":"Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an extremely effective treatment modality for severe depression but is often associated with transient or persistent cognitive impairment. ECT-induced cognitive impairment, however, can serve as a deterrent to completion of treatment. We present a case of a prolonged post-ECT delirium lasting approximately 3 weeks in which donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was used and was successful in shortening the duration of post-ECT delirium.","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76681415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Thyrotoxicosis Resulting from Liothyronine Augmentation of Antidepressant Therapy in an Adolescent","authors":"B. Pallant, C. E. Moore, L. Topor","doi":"10.1155/2022/2270202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2270202","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objective. Thyrotoxicosis, a condition resulting from excessive peripheral thyroid hormone, is typically accompanied by thyroid function tests demonstrating a high free thyroxine (free T4) with appropriate suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Case report. We describe a 17-year-old female presenting with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis along with suppressed TSH and low free T4, a laboratory pattern concerning for central hypothyroidism. Further history revealed that she was prescribed liothyronine as an adjunct therapy for depression. Discussion. Due to the short half-life of liothyronine, clinical signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis may develop before detection by interval lab monitoring. Conclusion. This case highlights the need for close monitoring and caution when treating adolescents with liothyronine and the importance of interpreting atypical laboratory findings within clinical context.","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89911366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaolin Deng, P. Negro, Patrick L. Jung, C. Marano, S. Knight, S. Doddi, Nana Nimo, Rachel M LeMalefant, Drew A. Myers, Andrea K. Haake, Rebecca Chandler
{"title":"Clinical evaluation and management of a 45-year-old man with confusion, psychosis, agitation, stereotyped behavior, and impaired speech","authors":"Xiaolin Deng, P. Negro, Patrick L. Jung, C. Marano, S. Knight, S. Doddi, Nana Nimo, Rachel M LeMalefant, Drew A. Myers, Andrea K. Haake, Rebecca Chandler","doi":"10.1155/2022/8162871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8162871","url":null,"abstract":"Our patient Mr. A is a mentally and physically disabled gentleman. He was first diagnosed with bipolar disorder as a teenager. He incurred a lumbar spinal injury due to a motor vehicle incident in his 20s which led to weakness, numbness, and frequent infection over both of his lower extremities. He also developed alcohol addiction over the course of his life. Mr. A presented to our facility with complicated neuropsychiatric symptoms. By adopting various clinical strategies, we were able to control his symptoms of agitation, self-harm, mood swings, and stereotyped behavior. However, we were not able to improve his neurocognitive functioning or speech impairment which seemed to become severe and irreversible in a period of a few months. We felt disappointed and perplexed by the mixed treatment responses. To understand Mr. A's clinical presentation, various laboratory tests and imaging studies were performed. Different psychotropic medications were used to manage his symptoms. Gradually, we felt that we were able to understand this case better clinically and etiologically. His bipolar disorder, alcohol addiction, and physical injury had likely all contributed to his neuropsychiatric symptoms, directly or indirectly. It is highly possible that an alcohol-related progressive dementia along with his chronic bipolar disorder played a key role in the progression of his brain neurodegeneration. Also, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome could reasonably be considered having developed during his clinical course. Moreover, the fluctuation of the patient's neuropsychiatric symptoms we observed during his hospitalization reflects the increased vulnerability of the human brain under sustained neurodegeneration.","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77815713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rechallenge with Amisulpride in a Patient with Schizophrenia following a Manic Episode during Previous Therapy","authors":"Li-Yu Hu, C. Hong, S. Tsai, Cheng-Che Shen","doi":"10.1155/2022/8732708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8732708","url":null,"abstract":"Amisulpride is an atypical antipsychotic. It is also effective in treating depression. The potential antidepressant effect raises the concern that amisulpride can induce mania. However, reports of amisulpride-induced mania have been rare. Here, we present the case of a Taiwanese woman with a 22-year history of schizophrenia. At the age 57 years, she developed manic symptoms while on treatment with amisulpride for six weeks. She was immediately admitted to the psychiatric in-patient unit. The manic symptoms completely subsided within eight days without the administration of any mood stabilizer. Readministration of a single dose of 200 mg amisulpride during hospitalization induced the same manic symptoms, which remitted completely within 24 hours without any mood stabilizer administration.","PeriodicalId":9631,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73389091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}