{"title":"Successful Management in an Infant Patient of PHACE Syndrome with a Complicated Aortic Arch Anomaly.","authors":"Shun Suzuki, Mitsuru Seki, Koichi Kataoka, Reina Koga, Tomoyuki Sato, Masaaki Kawada, Takanori Yamagata","doi":"10.1155/2022/5947951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5947951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PHACE syndrome is a congenital disorder often associated with a cervicofacial infantile hemangioma and complicated cardiovascular malformations. Patients with PHACE syndrome often have complex aortic arch anomalies, longer aortic stenosis or agenesis segments, and increased vascular tortuosity; therefore, perioperative management and surgical repair are challenging. We report a case of a female infant with PHACE syndrome and complex cardiovascular anomalies such as a double aortic arch associated with interruption of the left aortic arch, coarctation of the right aortic arch, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect. She was born at 36 weeks of gestation (birth weight, 2,150 g) and the diagnosis was confirmed by three-dimensional computed tomography. Because her patent ductus arteriosus did not close at first, her heart failure was managed preoperatively without prostaglandin <i>E</i> <sub>1</sub>. We initially attempted to promote weight gain. Surgical planning and simulation were performed using the patient-specific three-dimensional cardiovascular model created from computed tomography data. She underwent a successful aortic arch reconstruction by an end-to-side anastomosis with anterior patch augmentation at the age of 56 days. Detailed planning and simulation before surgery were vital in achieving favorable outcomes. Careful management and surgical planning using a patient-specific three-dimensional model are vital, especially in patients with complex malformations, such as in our case.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2022 ","pages":"5947951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9433226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9233658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case of Kikuchi's Disease Without Cervical Lymphadenopathy.","authors":"Shinya Tomori, Seigo Korematsu, Taichi Momose, Yasuko Urushihara, Shuji Momose, Koichi Moriwaki","doi":"10.1155/2022/2943233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2943233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kikuchi's disease with only extracervical lymphadenopathy is rare. <i>Case Presentation</i>. A 15-year-old male has presented with a fever lasting more than 1 week and right axillary lymphadenopathy. An axillary lymph node biopsy revealed coagulation necrosis, nuclear decay products, infiltration of histiocytes, and enlarged lymphocytes; he was diagnosed with Kikuchi's disease. The only four adult patients with Kikuchi's disease presenting without cervical lesions have been previously reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the only pediatric case of Kikuchi's disease presenting without cervical lymphadenopathy. Kikuchi's disease should be included in the differential diagnosis even in cases of extracervical lymphadenopathy alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2022 ","pages":"2943233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9744616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10712266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Myasthenia Gravis Masquerading as Status Asthmaticus.","authors":"Neha Pirwani, Shayna Wrublik, Shashikanth Ambati","doi":"10.1155/2021/6959701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6959701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission, can lead to varying degrees of weakness and fatigability of the skeletal musculature. Juvenile myasthenia gravis accounts for 10-15% of all cases of myasthenia gravis. The clinical presentation of juvenile myasthenia gravis varies tremendously, which presents itself as a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. We report a case of a 15-year-old female with mild intermittent asthma presenting with shortness of breath. Acute onset of dyspnea is a common chief complaint amongst the pediatric population with a broad differential diagnosis. Our patient was presumptively treated for status asthmaticus and required invasive mechanical ventilation. After extubating, the patient showed persistent ptosis, which led to the eventual work-up of myasthenia gravis. Upon further review, this patient had months of intermittent symptoms including ptosis and fatigue which went previously undiagnosed. This case demonstrates that dyspnea in an asthmatic can occur from nonairway processes and, if missed, may result in overtreatment of asthma or delayed diagnosis of an important neuromuscular process.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6959701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8727132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39668882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shana R Mencher, William V Tamborlane, Anisha D Patel
{"title":"Late Endocrine Effects after Stem Cell Transplant in a Young Girl with Griscelli Syndrome.","authors":"Shana R Mencher, William V Tamborlane, Anisha D Patel","doi":"10.1155/2021/9981306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9981306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>. Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare disorder characterized by partial albinism and silver hair with alteration in genes necessary for melanin transport. Type 2 GS is fatal due to severe immunodeficiency without curative stem cell transplant (SCT). Late endocrinopathies are quite common in other disorders after SCT. These complications have not been reported in GS. <i>Case Presentation</i>. A 7-year-old female presented for growth failure with a history of GS status post curative SCT and consequently developed graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). She also had a history of eosinophilic enterocolitis, for which she was taking supraphysiologic glucocorticoids for the past year. She presented with severe short stature along with mild hyperthyroxinemia with subsequent diagnosis of Graves' disease, which was treated with methimazole. GH therapy was commenced due to persistent growth failure, with a robust increase in growth parameters. She started spontaneous puberty; however, initial biochemical evaluation revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with undetectable anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) consistent with low ovarian reserve and premature ovarian failure. <i>Discussion</i>. Growth failure was multifactorial due to her inflammatory condition and poor weight gain from multiple underlying illnesses, including hyperthyroidism, as well as chronic supraphysiologic glucocorticoid use. Although hypothyroidism is more commonly seen after SCT, rare cases of hyperthyroidism have been reported. In addition to SCTs, GvHD and GS have been associated with autoimmune conditions. It is important to monitor pubertal progression as the majority of those treated with alkylating agents prior to SCT have pubertal and ovarian failure and remain at risk for premature menopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"9981306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8723881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39789883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is It Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or MIS-C with Mucocutaneous Involvement?","authors":"Abdollah Karimi, Elham Pourbakhtiaran, Mazdak Fallahi, Fereshteh Karbasian, Shahnaz Armin, Delara Babaie","doi":"10.1155/2021/1812545","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/1812545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) can be present in the form of multisystem inflammatory disease in children. <i>Case Presentation</i>. A 25-month-old boy presented with fever, malaise, diffuse maculopapular rashes, and mucosal involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic. He was first diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). Further evaluation revealed lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and fibrinogen. This was followed by a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19. In addition to receiving initial care for SJS, he was treated for MIS-C, which led to his recovery after four days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19 infection should be considered in children with fever and dermatological features during the pandemic because it may cause different features of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), suggestive of delayed hyperimmune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"1812545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8710040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39630331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Persistent Atraumatic Knee Pain in a Teenage Female with Bony Protuberance Secondary to Hook-Shaped Osteochrondroma.","authors":"Adityanarayan Rao, Joshua Pryor, Jaclyn Otero, Molly Posa","doi":"10.1155/2021/3088992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3088992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 13-year-old female presented at her pediatrician's office with a complaint of sharp, intermittent, right-sided knee pain that had been present for the previous three days without any known trauma and no association with activity. Her medical history was significant for fractures, and on physical exam, there was a hard mass palpated on the medial aspect of her distal thigh that was nontender, nonmobile, and without overlying skin changes. The plain radiograph findings were consistent with a hook-shaped osteochondroma of the right medial distal metaphysis. Orthopedics recommended conservative management with continued ibuprofen for pain and six-week follow-up with repeat radiograph to evaluate for progression. The follow-up radiograph showed no interval growth. However, due to continued pain, the patient had surgical excision of the osteochondroma six months after initial presentation, allowing her to finish her current soccer season. The surgery was successful, and the patient did well after operation with no residual pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"3088992"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8710169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39645278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Coinfection in a Previously Healthy Child.","authors":"Kimberly C Vu, Gloria P Heresi, Michael L Chang","doi":"10.1155/2021/8907944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8907944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This novel coronavirus has been responsible for a pandemic that continues to devastate nations worldwide. COVID-19, like other viruses, causes pneumonia. However, unlike other viral respiratory tract infections such as influenza, bacterial coinfection in COVID-19 patients has uncommonly been described in adult and pediatric patients. We report a case of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and COVID-19 coinfection in a previously healthy 4-year-old child.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"8907944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8660239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39719714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teenage Male with Cough and Recurrent Bruit.","authors":"Sheema Gaffar, Elliot Tucker","doi":"10.1155/2021/9453574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9453574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A general pediatrician is skilled at continuity; through longitudinal evaluation, they serve as front-line providers in the recognition and referral of unusual pathology. The majority of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are diagnosed with history and physical examination. AVM are inherently progressive by nature; their <i>expansion</i> is what creates the risk of morbidity. With higher-risk vascular lesions, <i>relative risk</i> is important when discussing management with observation versus with invasive intervention. Size, location, and expected course of progression of the lesion help generate a timeline for action. Collaboration of physicians with diverse expertise generates optimal plan of therapy, particularly when faced with an unusual clinical finding. Genetics referral may be beneficial, as the body of literature on AVM is growing, and databases on associated syndromes are evolving. Establishing concrete follow-up is imperative to assess for recurrence of AVM or development of additional symptoms. This can be with the interventionalist or with the generalist.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"9453574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8629676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39683516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perforated Duodenal Ulcer in a Young Nepalese Girl: An Infrequent Diagnosis for Age.","authors":"Ashish Lal Shrestha, Anusha Shrestha","doi":"10.1155/2021/6304309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6304309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perforated duodenal ulcer (PDU) is exceedingly uncommon in children. In a child with acute abdomen and pneumoperitoneum, an appendiceal etiology is more often suspected as a likely cause. Failure or delay to diagnose a PDU can result in significant morbidity and even mortality. We report a case of acute abdomen in a girl with PDU with a successful outcome. A 12-year-old school girl presented to emergency room (ER) with acute generalized abdominal pain for 2 days. Clinical examination revealed florid peritonitis, and abdominal radiographs showed free peritoneal air. At emergency laparotomy, PDU was noted with general peritoneal contamination. Omental patch repair and continued supportive care resulted in gradual improvement. PDU is an uncommon cause of peritonitis in children and poses significant challenges in management. Strong suspicion and prompt appropriate intervention is necessary to avoid untoward outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6304309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39763168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gurleen Kaur Kahlon, Anna Zylak, Patrick Leblanc, Noah Kondamudi
{"title":"Fetal Gallstones in a Newborn after Maternal COVID-19 Infection.","authors":"Gurleen Kaur Kahlon, Anna Zylak, Patrick Leblanc, Noah Kondamudi","doi":"10.1155/2021/3688173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3688173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fetal gallstones are rare incidental findings on ultrasound during pregnancy. We describe a newborn girl with gallstones that was born to a mother who had COVID-19 infection during her last trimester. The baby remained asymptomatic, and the stones resolved spontaneously without any treatment or complications within six weeks of birth. Several conditions predispose to fetal gallstones, and it is unclear if the recent maternal COVID-19 infection had any role in the occurrence of these abnormalities or was merely coincidental. This is the first case describing an association of fetal gallstones with a COVID-19 infection in pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9623,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pediatrics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"3688173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39897533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}