Carlos E Duran, Mayra Estacio, Fredy Lozano, Esteban Echeverri, Maria Juliana Riascos, Juan Guillermo Posada, Johanna Schweineberg
{"title":"Renal Tubular Acidosis in the Postpartum Period: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Carlos E Duran, Mayra Estacio, Fredy Lozano, Esteban Echeverri, Maria Juliana Riascos, Juan Guillermo Posada, Johanna Schweineberg","doi":"10.1155/2021/6693013","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/6693013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Case Presentation</i>. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by impaired hydrogen ion secretion in the distal nephron resulting either from decreased net activity of the proton pump or from increased luminal membrane hydrogen ion permeability. Typical complications of dRTA include severe hypokalemia, normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis. The patient is a 25-year-old woman in immediate puerperium with hypokalemia leading to paralysis, and the laboratory findings in this patients were concerning for dRTA. It is rare to encounter this entity during pregnancy, and the impact of this pathology is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6693013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39432935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19 and APOL-1 High-Risk Genotype-Associated Collapsing Glomerulonephritis.","authors":"Sasmit Roy, Srikanth Kunaparaju, Narayana Murty Koduri, Vikram Sangani, Mytri Pokal, Venu Madhav Konala, Mamtha Balla, Sreedhar Adapa","doi":"10.1155/2021/3737751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3737751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the lungs and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The ongoing global pandemic has created healthcare and economic crisis for almost every nation of the world. Though primarily affecting the lungs, it has also affected the kidney in various ways including acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria, and hematuria. It has been increasingly shown that African American (AA) individuals affected with COVID-19 and presenting with AKI and nephrotic-range proteinuria are very susceptible to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The APOL-1 gene, associated with the African American population, has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for FSGS affected with COVID-19. Our case highlights a similar case of COVID-19 in a 65-year-old AA descendant with biopsy-proven FSGS and genetically confirmed APOL-1 alleles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"3737751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39291040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishaka K Chetram, Akram I Ahmad, Saira Farid, Tanuj Sood
{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury Secondary to Rhabdomyolysis and COVID-19: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Vishaka K Chetram, Akram I Ahmad, Saira Farid, Tanuj Sood","doi":"10.1155/2021/5528461","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/5528461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The viral infection causing COVID-19 most notably affects the respiratory system but can result in extrapulmonary clinical manifestations as well. Rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of COVID-19 is an uncommon complication of the infection. There is significant interest in this viral infection given its global spread, ease of transmission, and varied clinical manifestations and outcomes. This case report and literature review describes the symptoms, laboratory findings, and clinical course of a patient who developed AKI secondary to rhabdomyolysis and COVID-19, which will help clinicians recognize and treat this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"5528461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8337150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39291478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 24-Year-Old Female Transplant Recipient with Type 2 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and Disseminated Shingles: A Cautionary Tale of Deferring to Primary Care.","authors":"Benjamin T Burdorf","doi":"10.1155/2021/6663689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6663689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this report, the case of a 24-year-old Caucasian female with type 2 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis status-post living donor kidney transplant managed on triple regimen immunosuppressive therapy who developed shingles is discussed. With its onset, she promptly reached out to her nephrologist who deferred her to primary care. Prior to seeing her primary provider, she developed disseminated herpes zoster. She consulted emergency services where she was given inadequate care and again deferred to primary care. One day later, the dissemination included her entire torso, face, oral cavity, and all extremities. Fortunately, the patient had the insight to again reach out to her nephrologist who arranged for her to be admitted for appropriate care 6 days after her initial inquiry that carried 6 days of zoster progression. This case demonstrates how it is pertinent that specialists recognize potentially lethal complications associated with the conditions they follow. Although convenient to defer to primary care, if specialists were to take on the responsibility of providing a broader scope of care for their unique subsets of patients, it would likely result in a reduction in the 80% of serious medical errors that occur as a result of miscommunication, or lack thereof, between care providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6663689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8325583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39269469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atypical Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease in a Pediatric Patient Successfully Treated with Rituximab.","authors":"Kuang-Yu Jen, Ari Auron","doi":"10.1155/2021/2586693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2586693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classic antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is an exceedingly rare but extremely aggressive form of glomerulonephritis, typically caused by autoantibodies directed against cryptic, conformational epitopes within the noncollagenous domain of the type IV collagen alpha-3 subunit. Pathologic diagnosis is established by the presence of strong, diffuse, linear staining for immunoglobulin on immunofluorescence microscopy. Recently, patients with atypical clinical and pathologic findings of anti-GBM disease have been described. These patients tend to have an indolent clinical course, without pulmonary involvement, and laboratory testing rarely reveals the presence of anti-GBM antibodies. Specific guidelines for the treatment and management of these patients are unclear. Here, we describe a case of atypical anti-GBM disease in a young child who presented with hematuria and prominent proteinuria. Throughout the course of his illness, creatinine remained normal. He was conservatively treated with steroids and rituximab, resulting in resolution of his clinical symptoms and normalization of laboratory findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"2586693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39265849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Complex Case of Emphysematous Cystitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient.","authors":"Christina Okello, Rajesh Raj","doi":"10.1155/2021/8343022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8343022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a relatively rare condition characterized by gas formation in the bladder wall and/or lumen. We report a case of emphysematous cystitis with a bladder perforation in an 84-year-old male on peritoneal dialysis who presented with fever, dysuria, hematuria, and hypotension. Gas in the bladder wall, as well as a small perforation in the roof of the urinary bladder, was seen on the abdominal CT scan. The causative organism identified was <i>Escherichia coli.</i> The patient recovered with broad-spectrum antibiotics along with bladder irrigation and drainage. After initial bladder washouts, peritoneal dialysis was continued with close monitoring. Early antibiotic therapy and a conservative approach to the management of small intraperitoneal bladder perforations were effective in this patient. Peritoneal dialysis was uninterrupted for the duration of the admission and after discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"8343022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8282390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39220419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramanath Dukkipati, Benjamin Lawson, Cynthia C Nast, Anuja Shah
{"title":"Bartonella-Associated Endocarditis with Severe Active Crescentic Glomerulonephritis and Acute Renal Failure.","authors":"Ramanath Dukkipati, Benjamin Lawson, Cynthia C Nast, Anuja Shah","doi":"10.1155/2021/9951264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9951264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of severe acute kidney failure due to crescentic glomerulonephritis who presented initially with culture-negative endocarditis with vegetations on the aortic valve. Anti-nuclear and anti-phospholipid antibodies were positive with initially negative anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). Kidney biopsy revealed severe acute crescentic glomerulonephritis with mesangial immune complex deposition. PR3-ANCA subsequently become positive, and the patient developed worsening kidney failure requiring hemodialysis. This case illustrates that Bartonella can present as culture-negative endocarditis with severe crescentic glomerulonephritis with positive PR-3 ANCAs and can mimic ANCA-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"9951264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8181106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39058191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Profound Metabolic Acidosis due to Metformin Intoxication Requiring Dialysis.","authors":"Klodia Hermez, Carla Dudash-Mion","doi":"10.1155/2021/9914982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9914982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but life-threatening condition with often high mortality rates. Despite this, metformin continues to be one of the most commonly prescribed antihyperglycemic agents in the market. We present a unique case of a 61-year-old female with severe acidosis of pH = 6.72 and lactic acid of 26 mmol/L who presented obtunded after ingestion of an unknown amount of metformin. She was subsequently intubated, became hypotensive, and was initiated on vasopressors. She was swiftly started on a combination of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and bicarbonate therapy 7 hours after admission followed by continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) as she became more hemodynamically unstable. The patient's renal function improved, and she was discharged 7 days after admission with favorable sequelae. Dialysis is often reported in cases of severe MALA; however, it remains unclear how quickly dialysis should be initiated. This case aims to explore the benefits of quick initiation of extracorporeal measures in the forms of IHD and CRRT with concurrent bicarbonate supplementation. Furthermore, this case demonstrates the importance of clinical suspicion in metabolic acidosis in a patient on metformin therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"9914982"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8166500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39090603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case of Severe and Refractory Membranous Nephropathy Associated to Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid.","authors":"Eric Mereniuk, Laura Sabbah, Jean-Paul Makhzoum","doi":"10.1155/2021/9940293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) are two autoimmune conditions with well-defined diagnostic and treatment guidelines. MN has been linked to bullous pemphigoid (BP) in certain case reports, though little is known regarding the association of MN and other bullous diseases. The association of MN and MMP has rarely been described, and very little data exist regarding the treatment of this association. We report a case of severe refractory membranous nephropathy secondary to mucous membrane pemphigoid successfully treated with rituximab. A 35-year-old woman with known MMP was referred to our clinic for new-onset generalized edema and proteinuria. MN was confirmed on renal biopsy. Despite therapy with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids, combined with mycophenolate mofetil, and later azathioprine, nephrotic-range proteinuria persisted even at a daily dose of prednisone of 40 mg. The patient was then started on rituximab infusions, which induced remission of both mucous membrane pemphigoid and membranous glomerulonephritis. This suggests that MN can be secondary to MMP, and rituximab may be useful induce remission in cases that are refractory to standard therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"9940293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8133855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39034644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Rare Case of Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy Associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma.","authors":"Keiki Nagaharu, Yuka Sugimoto, Keiki Kawakami","doi":"10.1155/2021/5527966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG) is characterized by Congo red-negative microtubular deposits, and it has been reported as a rare paraneoplastic syndrome due to hematologic malignancies, viral infections, or autoimmune diseases. In hematologic malignancies, multiple myeloma and other mature B-cell malignancies are the most common hematologic malignancies, and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is extremely rare. A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of a pulmonary mass and proteinuria. Computed tomography-guided lung biopsy confirmed the presence of HL stage IIA. Immunofixation of peripheral blood was positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) kappa. Renal biopsy showed mesangial proliferation with deposits in the subendothelial lesion and no invasion of the HL. These deposits were positive for IgG3, C3, and kappa light chain but negative for C1q and lambda light chain. Electron microscopy showed randomly aligned tubular structures with a diameter of approximately 50 nm. We diagnosed the patient with immunotactoid nephropathy and HL. After systemic chemotherapy, the patient achieved a complete response and loss of proteinuria. On the contrary, her serum monoclonal gammopathy was observed after chemotherapy. The existence of a monoclonal antibody itself might not be a sufficient factor for ITG in some cases, and an additive trigger is necessary for development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"5527966"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8121582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38940904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}