Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy最新文献

{"title":"Epicardial fat volume assessment and strain analysis by cardiac magnetic resonance: a novel method for evaluating microcirculation dysfunction after myocardial infarction.","authors":"Kai Wang, Yueyan Wang, Yihui Zhao, Aiqi Chen, Xiao Zhang, Zengwei Cheng, Mengxiao Liu, Yichuan Ma","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-359","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the context of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), epicardial fat volume (EFV) has a significant impact on the formation of microvascular obstruction (MVO). This study aimed to quantitatively measure the EFV and myocardial strain parameters by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and to explore their relationship with the presence or absence of mcrocirculation dysfunction after myocardial infarction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study. From June 2022 to December 2023, 56 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute STEMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected from The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of MVO group and the non-MVO (NMVO) group, with 22 cases (39%) and 34 cases (61%) respectively. The characteristics of the infarction were assessed by delayed enhancement with gadolinium. Based on standard cine images, the global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the left and right ventricles were evaluated using CMR feature tracking (CMR-FT) imaging. The volume of EFV was quantified along the short-axis slices of the left and right ventricles at the end of diastole by CMR imaging. The differences in baseline characteristics, EFV, and myocardial strain parameters between the groups were compared using Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis. The specificity and sensitivity of myocardial strain parameters in predicting MVO were obtained using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The predictive factors for MVO were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 56 patients were selected, with an average age of 59.84±12.37 years, including 42 males (75%) and 14 females (25%). There was a statistically significant difference in EFV between the MVO group and the NMVO group (P<0.001). The prediction model for MVO based on EFV [area under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.856; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.736-0.935; sensitivity: 77.27%; specificity: 91.18%], GLS (AUC: 0.929; 95% CI: 0.828-0.980; sensitivity: 90.90%; specificity: 94.12%), GCS (AUC: 0.770; 95% CI: 0.638-0.872; sensitivity: 86.36%; specificity: 61.76%), GRS (AUC: 0.789; 95% CI: 0.659-0.886; sensitivity: 90.19%; specificity: 70.59%). The left ventricular ejection fraction in the MVO group was lower than that in the NMVO group (P=0.001). The GLS, GRS, and GCS in the MVO group were significantly lower than those in the NMVO group (P<0.001). Correlation analysis found that EFV (r=0.602, P<0.001), GLS (r=0.726, P<0.001), GCS (r=0.457, P<0.001) was significantly positively correlated with postoperative myocardial infarction with mcrocirculation obstruction, while GRS (r=-0.486, P<0.001) were negatively correlated with postoperative myocardial infarction with mcrocirculation obs","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in Tetralogy of Fallot-state of the art.","authors":"Anna Nyström, Caroline Berntsson, Zacharias Mandalenakis, Kerstin Lagerstrand, Frida Dangardt, Charlotte de Lange","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-378","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common type of cyanotic congenital heart disease expressing different severity. There is an increasing survival into adulthood and most patients now experience a good quality of life. Still, complications will develop over time related to the primary surgery and the resulting remodeling of the heart and vessels, which will require reintervention or operation several times during their lives. Imaging plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients, such as echocardiography as the basic modality, as well as computed tomography angiography (CTA) and cardiac catheterization, providing important anatomical data and the possibility for interventional treatment. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is increasingly used and has a central role in finding the optimal time point for reintervention and provides excellent morphological as well as functional and hemodynamic data that have been proven indicative for reintervention and patient outcome. New MR techniques have been developed providing quantitative information of myocardial tissue characterization, deformation and 4-dimensional phase contrast (PC) imaging technique for advanced blood flow measurements with promising results to provide more refined indications for reoperations and interventions. This review will treat the current role of CMR in the diagnosis and follow up in TOF after repair involving the traditional MR sequences as well as new emerging techniques and their potential role in repaired TOF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"173-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy, safety, and predictors of failure following cardiac resynchronization therapy in a developing country: an ambispective, multi-center study.","authors":"Yem Van Nguyen, Trang Minh Bui, Vinh Nguyen Pham, Vu Hoang Vu, Khang Duong Nguyen, Hoa Ngoc Chau","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-408","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple studies have demonstrated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) effectively improves the prognosis of heart failure. CRT has been proven to improve patients' quality of life and reduce the risk of readmission and death in selected patients. Nevertheless, a notable proportion of individuals undergoing CRT showed no response. Therefore, we conducted this study to describe CRT characteristics and reported the outcomes 1 year after discharge in Vietnam, along with predictors of non-response to CRT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicenter, ambispective cohort study that enrolled all CRT implantation patients at five hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City: University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Heart Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Tam Duc Heart Hospital, Thong Nhat Hospital, and Vinmec Central Park Hospital. All patients received treatment according to established guidelines and were monitored for up to 1 year after being discharged. Primary outcomes included rehospitalization and mortality rate 1 year after discharge. Secondary outcomes included early and late complications related to the procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between April 2016 and April 2020, 88 cases of successful CRT implantation from five hospitals were enrolled. The majority of the population was male (68.2%), mean age was 62.5±13.4 years old, New York Heart Association (NYHA) III/IV at admission (98.9%), and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 24%±5.9%. The incidence of early complications was 9.1%. The overall mortality rate was 12.5%, with 6.8% occurring within the 1-year follow-up period. The population experienced a significant decrease in readmission rate within 1 year after discharge (P=0.001). Additionally, there was a notable improvement in the NYHA function (P<0.001) and an enhancement in the quality of life (P=0.001). Five characteristics correlated with the lack of response to CRT were history of dobutamine usage, QRS interval (QRS) length before implantation, severe ventricular arrhythmias before implantation, atrial fibrillation after implantation, and severe ventricular arrhythmias after implantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Properly used CRT device improves heart failure symptoms, mortality, and readmissions. There are several predictors of cardiac resynchronization treatment failure. This information helps us comprehend the restricted patient group and develop better treatments, especially in low-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"148-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digging through eosinophils to identify cases of myocardial involvement-an effort well spent.","authors":"Massimo Mapelli, Benedetta Volpi, Piergiuseppe Agostoni","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-514","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the causal association between congenital heart disease and stroke based on two-sample Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Xiaoyong Jing, Yitian Cao, Qiang Wang","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-422","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research into common pathological mechanisms and genetic factors is essential for better understanding, prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in congenital heart disease (CHD) survivors. This study aims to explore the possible causal associations between CHD and acquired cardiovascular diseases with the help of genetic instruments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of CHD (including congenital anomalies of great vessels and heart septal defect) and seven different cardiovascular diseases, employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Analysis was conducted using the inverse variance weighted method (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression methods. Sensitivity analysis included MR-Egger, MR-PRESO, Cochran's Q, and leave-one-out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 15 instrumental variables related to CHD were selected [F-statistic =23.55 (21.27, 28.84)]. The IVW MR analysis revealed potential association between genetically predicted congenital anomalies of great vessels and higher risk of atrial fibrillation [odds ratio (OR) =1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.12, P=0.004], unspecified stroke (OR =1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12, P=0.008) and ischemic stroke (OR =1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.14, P=0.02). No significant associations were observed between other factors. The MR-Egger regression results indicated that these analyses were not affected by horizontal pleiotropy. Leave-one-out analysis showed that the causal effects were not driven by any single mutation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found a potential causal association between exposure to congenital anomalies of great vessels and higher risk of atrial fibrillation, stroke and ischemic stroke. Discussed genetic factors might potentially help to identify a higher risk of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"61-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent clinical research on the value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin levels in prognostic evaluation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a narrative review.","authors":"Fan Zhou, Junsheng Mu","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-461","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an effective treatment for coronary artery disease, high risk of complications, making it particularly important to assess patient prognosis. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn), as a key biomarker of myocardial injury, plays an important role in evaluating the prognosis of patients after CABG. However, the optimal threshold values for hs-cTn in the current guidelines are all artificially set, lacking a unified standard. This narrative review aims to fill the knowledge gap and provide new directions for future research. This is of significant importance for optimizing the management of patients after CABG, improving prognosis, and for developing more precise and personalized treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a structured search on PubMed, Web of Science MEDLINE and Cochrane Library using terms like \"High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin\", \"Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting\", \"Prognosis\", \"Mortality\", and \"Postoperative Outcomes\" to identify English-language studies from inception to 25 July 2024. This article systematically reviews recent studies on hs-cTn levels and prognostic risk factors after CABG, aiming to comprehensively sort out and analyze existing research findings.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>Studies show that the release of hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI is related to postoperative myocardial injury/infarction and short-term mortality, but there is still controversy in the conclusions regarding long-term mortality. In addition, different studies have drawn different conclusions about the application of hs-cTnI in postoperative myocardial infarction, restenosis, and hypoxemia, as well as its association with mortality. However, a common view is that the hs-cTn cutoff values used in current clinical practice are too conservative, which may limit the accuracy of its prognosis assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hs-cTn has significant value in the prognosis assessment of patients after CABG, but its clinical decision level often exceeds the critical values specified in the guidelines. In the future, more rigorous prospective multicenter trials need to be conducted in different populations to further determine the optimal diagnostic thresholds for hs-cTn, thereby improving the accuracy of prognosis assessment in patients after CABG.</p>","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can machine learning predict successful chronic total occlusion crossing with primary antegrade wiring?","authors":"Takao Konishi, Teruo Sekimoto, Rika Kawakami, Diljon Chahal, Renu Virmani, Aloke V Finn","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-509","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac structural and functional damage induced and/or increasingly aggravated by aortic valve stenosis.","authors":"Michael Dandel","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-380","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium and vitamin D supplementation impact on survival in patients with moderate concomitant aortic and mitral valve disease.","authors":"Andrew Gaballa, Adel Hajj Ali, Joseph El Dahdah, Zoran Popovic, Tom K Wang, Grant Reed, Leonardo Rodriguez, Brian Griffin, A Marc Gillinov, Samir R Kapadia, Lars G Svensson, Milind Y Desai","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-324","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium supplement intake, with or without vitamin D supplementation, has risen amongst the older population, who are more likely to have deficiencies. Our aim was to investigate how the supplementation of calcium and vitamin D is associated with survival in patients with moderate concomitant aortic and mitral valve disease. A total of 3,257 patients (mean age of 71.73 years; 55.2% male; 83.1% White) were diagnosed with moderate concomitant aortic and mitral valve disease at Cleveland Clinic between January 2010 and December 2020 and were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups based on their supplement intake. Further subgroup analysis was performed, focusing on the aortic valve, leading to the stratification of patients into two subgroups-group 1: aortic stenosis (AS) combined with either mitral stenosis or regurgitation, and group 2: aortic regurgitation (AR) combined with either mitral stenosis or regurgitation. The study's primary outcome was the combined event of all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization. Of the 3,257 patients who were included, 70% of them (2,273 patients) did not receive supplements, and 30% (984 patients) had received calcium and vitamin D supplementation. The supplement intake was associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 1.114; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003-1.237, P=0.043], but no significant association with heart failure hospitalization was observed (HR, 1.003; 95% CI: 0.884-1.139, P=0.96). The subgroup analysis based on the aortic valve showed that among the 1,045 patients in group 1, 67% did not receive supplements, and 33% received supplementation. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality in patients with AS (HR, 1.203; 95% CI: 1.017-1.425, P=0.03). Contrarywise, in group 2 of patients with AR consisting of 2,212 patients, 71% did not receive any supplementation, and 29% received supplementation, with no significant association observed (HR, 1.044; 95% CI: 0.913-1.193, P=0.53). To conclude, in patients diagnosed with moderate concomitant aortic and mitral valve disease, the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements was associated with a greater mortality rate, particularly in AS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"265-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cleveland Clinic experience of eosinophilic myocarditis in the setting of hypereosinophilic syndrome: demographics, cardiac imaging, and outcomes.","authors":"Matthew Reeder, Yuichiro Okushi, Saberio Lo Presti Vega, Rohan Prasad, Richard A Grimm, Brian P Griffin, Bo Xu","doi":"10.21037/cdt-24-347","DOIUrl":"10.21037/cdt-24-347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) represents a group of disorders with eosinophil-mediated end-organ damage. Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) represents cardiac involvement in HES. Data are limited regarding this rare condition. To better understand contemporary clinical characteristics of EM in HES, we reviewed demographics, cardiac imaging, and outcomes of this condition at our center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional study of all patients aged >18 years with diagnosis of EM in HES at our center between September 1986 and January 2023. Relevant clinical data, including clinical presentation, medical history, medication use, comorbidities, imaging findings, and outcomes, were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,664 patients identified with hypereosinophilia (HE), 36 cases of clinically diagnosed HES were identified. Of the 36 patients diagnosed with HES, 11 patients (30.6%) were diagnosed with EM. Of these, six patients underwent endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). The mean age was 57±12 years and 63.6% were female. Asthma was the most common comorbidity (54.5%). Patients with EM had significantly more dyspnea (63.6%), fatigue (54.5%), and neuropathy (36.4%) compared to those without cardiac involvement. Echocardiography was performed in all patients and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed in eight patients. Left ventricular (LV) thrombus was detected more frequently by CMR (5/8, 62.5%) compared to echocardiography (3/10, 30%). Subendocardial pattern of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was observed in the majority of patients on CMR (6/7, 85.7%). Steroids were utilized in 90.9% of cases, and aspirin in all patients. Compared to HES patients without cardiac involvement, thromboembolic events occurred significantly more frequently (63.6% <i>vs.</i> 24.0%, P=0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a 37-year cohort of HES-associated EM, echocardiography was the first-line imaging modality, while CMR was an essential but still under-utilized imaging modality. Patients with EM had significantly more thromboembolic events compared to HES without cardiac involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9592,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy","volume":"14 6","pages":"1122-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}