Elizabeth A. Cummings MD , Teresa Pinto MD , O. Maya Rao BSc , Pamela Talbot MSc
{"title":"Patterns in the Incidence (1994–2018) and Prevalence (2004–2018) of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Nova Scotian Youth Under 20 Years of Age","authors":"Elizabeth A. Cummings MD , Teresa Pinto MD , O. Maya Rao BSc , Pamela Talbot MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Rates of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D, respectively) in youth may be increasing globally, but findings vary across populations. We aimed to determine changes in incidence and prevalence of T1D and T2D over a 25-year period (1994–2018) in youth <20 years of age in Nova Scotia (NS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based descriptive epidemiologic study used the Diabetes Care Program of the NS Registry that prospectively collects population-based records for all cases of diabetes in youth. Incidence (1994–2018) and prevalence (2004–2018) of T1D and T2D were calculated per 100,000 for 5-year periods using national census population estimates (0–19 years) and analyzed by sex, age group, and rural vs urban residence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of T1D rose from 26.4 (23.0–29.7) in 1994–1998 to 37.9 (33.3–42.6) in 2014–2018 in 0–14-year-olds. The average annual increase was 0.7 (0.43–0.97) per 100,000. Incidence appeared to plateau after 2008, except in 10–14-year-olds, where it continued to rise. Prevalence (95% CI) of T1D for youth 0–19 years of age increased from 288.4 (278.2–298.6) per 100,000 in 2004–2008 to 333.4 (321.7–345.1) in 2014–2018. Incidence of T2D in 10–19-year-olds rose from 2.9 per 100,000 in 1994–1998 to 13.0 per 100,000 in 2014–2018 and was higher in females and youth living in rural areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Incidence of both types of diabetes in NS is high and continuing to rise. Patterns in T1D incidence align with those reported in other high-incidence populations. Incidence and prevalence of T2D in NS youth were similar to or higher than most previous reports despite the lower ethnic diversity in NS compared with other high-incidence populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"49 8","pages":"Pages 461-469.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lindsay S. Nagamatsu PhD , Joyla A. Furlano PhD , Samantha Marshall MSc , Olivia Ghosh-Swaby PhD , Gillian Rutherford , Jane Yardley PhD
{"title":"The Role of Group Exercise Classes as a Source of Motivation and Support for Those With Diabetes---a Silver Bullet?","authors":"Lindsay S. Nagamatsu PhD , Joyla A. Furlano PhD , Samantha Marshall MSc , Olivia Ghosh-Swaby PhD , Gillian Rutherford , Jane Yardley PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"49 8","pages":"Pages 473-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hertzel C. Gerstein MD, MSc , Guillaume Pare MD, MSc , Keyun Zhou MSc , Serena Yang MSc , Michael Chong PhD , Gregory R. Steinberg PhD , Shun Fu Lee PhD
{"title":"Can a Combined Epigenetic-Biomarker Score Supplant Chronologic Age as an Independent Determinant of Incident Death in Adults With Dysglycemia","authors":"Hertzel C. Gerstein MD, MSc , Guillaume Pare MD, MSc , Keyun Zhou MSc , Serena Yang MSc , Michael Chong PhD , Gregory R. Steinberg PhD , Shun Fu Lee PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Diabetes and prediabetes are associated with premature death and are recognized as conditions of accelerated biologic aging. To date, the best measurement of biologic age is chronologic age. Measures of biologic age that can replace chronologic age as a predictor of death can better approximate risk in affected individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The relationship between 238 biomarkers, epigenetic age scores, and incident death was analyzed in 2,755 participants (mean age 63.7±8 years) in the Outcomes Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial. Independent biomarkers for death identified using Cox models with forward selection were used to derive a biomarker risk score, which, after validation, was combined with epigenetic scores. Hazards for death per standard deviation higher epigenetic-biomarker score, chronologic age, or the age after adjustment for the score were estimated, and the respective β coefficients were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four hundred eighty-one participants died during a median follow-up of 6.2 years. Each standard deviation higher age increased the hazard of death 1.69-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58 to 1.81, β=0.53). When 11 independent death biomarkers were combined with 3 epigenetic risk scores to yield an epigenetic-biomarker score, each standard deviation higher score increased the hazard of death 3.27-fold (95% CI 2.90 to 3.68). Adding standardized age to this model yielded a β coefficient for age of 0.00 (p=0.93). C statistics for the epigenetic-biomarker score alone and age alone were 0.77 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.78) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.68), respectively (p<0.001 for the difference).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An epigenetic-biomarker risk score is a better predictor of death than chronologic age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"49 8","pages":"Pages 424-430.e8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yukon Experiences in Management of Type 1 Diabetes: Patient Perspectives","authors":"MARNEY PARADIS , LIRIS SMITH , RUTH NIELSEN","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"49 7","pages":"Page S2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMES BOWEN , JOANNA M. BIELECKI , SUJA MATHEW , K. PATRICK LAFFIN , LOLA OYEFESO , AKHANSHA FERNANDO , MAJIDA MOHAMMED , ALISHA HANIF , KEVIN ZHAN , DEENA HASSAN , VALERIA RAC
{"title":"Searching for Value-Based Healthcare Approaches Towards Diabetic Foot Care and Limb Preservation: Challenges With a Scoping Review","authors":"JAMES BOWEN , JOANNA M. BIELECKI , SUJA MATHEW , K. PATRICK LAFFIN , LOLA OYEFESO , AKHANSHA FERNANDO , MAJIDA MOHAMMED , ALISHA HANIF , KEVIN ZHAN , DEENA HASSAN , VALERIA RAC","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"49 7","pages":"Page S8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145595065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kidney Protection in Diabetes: What Primary Care Clinicians Need to Know Now","authors":"Alan Kaplan MD, CCFP(EM), FCFP","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BCL-XL as Potential Drug Target in Senescent Human Beta Cells During Type 1 Diabetes","authors":"NAYARA RAMPAZZO MORELLI , PETER THOMPSON","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"49 7","pages":"Page S36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}