Canadian Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Insomnia and Cardiometabolic Health: Bridging the Gap Between Sleep Deficit and Disease Prevention”","authors":"James W. Kim MBBCh, PgDip, MScCH (HPTE), CPC (HC) , Akshay B. Jain MD, FRCPC, FACE, CCD, ECNU, DABIM, DABOM , Atul Khullar MD, MSc, FRCPC, FAASM, DABPN","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 2","pages":"Page 64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147428372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Call for a Multidisciplinary Approach to Improving Treatment of In-hospital Nonsevere Hypoglycemia for People Living With Diabetes","authors":"Nicole Prince MD, PhD , Zoe R. O’Neill MD , Mike Bleskie MPM , Jacob Sartor MSc , Juanita Wilzer BN , Annie Garon-Mailer MN , Heather Lochnan MD , Cathy J. Sun MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 2","pages":"Pages 124-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Second-line Diabetes Mellitus Medications and Adverse Events Among Older Adults After the Introduction of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Ontario, Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Cherry Chu MSc ,&nbsp;Dorsa Ghahramani MSc ,&nbsp;Vasily Giannakeas PhD ,&nbsp;Jeyani Jeyaparan MHSc ,&nbsp;Onil Bhattacharyya MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tara Gomes PhD ,&nbsp;Noah Ivers MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Mina Tadrous PharmD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our aim in this study was to describe incident use of second-line diabetes medications and serious adverse events among older adults before and after the introduction of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a population-based cohort study from June 2011 to March 2023 using administrative data from Ontario, Canada. We identified individuals ≥66 years of age with a new prescription for a second-line diabetes medication and recent history of metformin use. We also calculated the number and proportion of individuals using medications monthly with hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal events, stratified by drug class. Joinpoint models were used to determine whether any significant changes aligned with the introduction of GLP-1RAs</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Metformin was initially the most dispensed diabetes drug (peak 105,245 individuals treated in 2016), but its use was overtaken by second-line medications in 2019. Among second-line drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were dominant (peak 77,477 individuals in 2020). Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors surpassed DPP-4 inhibitor use in 2022. Adverse events of interest were rare; however, insulin had the highest percentage of individuals affected with hypoglycemia (average 0.13% per month), while more individuals using second-line medications were affected with gastrointestinal outcomes (average 0.23% for diverticular disease in those using GLP-1RAs). Joinpoint models did not reveal any breaks in trend during the time of GLP-1RA introduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Metformin was the most common drug class used, but the use of second-line medications, such as SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1RAs, exceeded the number of individuals using metformin in recent years---a major shift from historic trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 2","pages":"Pages 88-96.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship Between Multiple Modifiable Risk Factors and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Chung-Chih Liao MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chun-I Lee MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jung-Miao Li MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant metabolic disorder affecting pregnant women, leading to increased risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Effective management and preventive strategies are crucial to mitigate its short- and long-term complications. In this study we aim to elucidate the causal relationships between multiple modifiable risk factors and GDM using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 41 modifiable risk factors, categorized into metabolic and weight factors, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol behaviours, and physical activities. Genetic variants associated with these risk factors were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GDM data came from the largest GWAS on GDM, including 12,332 GDM cases and 131,109 Finnish ancestry controls from the FinnGen study. MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Preliminary screening identified 12 significant modifiable risk factors, with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), 2-hour glucose, and processed meat intake increasing GDM risk, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, tea consumption, cheese intake, lamb/mutton intake, and dried fruit intake decreased the risk. After correction for multiple comparisons, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, A1C, triglycerides, BMI, and HDL cholesterol remained significant and consistent across various methods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This comprehensive MR study provides strong evidence for the causal effects of various modifiable risk factors on GDM, highlighting the importance of lifestyle interventions targeting metabolic and dietary factors to prevent GDM and improve maternal and fetal outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 2","pages":"Pages 65-71.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Sex-specific Handgrip Strength and Plasma Glycated Hemoglobin Levels Among Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Uyanga Ganbat MD, MSc, MPH ,&nbsp;Altan-Ochir Byambaa BSc ,&nbsp;Boris Feldman MD ,&nbsp;Shane Arishenkoff MD ,&nbsp;Graydon S. Meneilly MD ,&nbsp;Jonathan Little PhD ,&nbsp;Teresa Liu-Ambrose PT, PhD ,&nbsp;Kenneth M. Madden MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Adults with diabetes have 37% to 109% higher odds of sarcopenia than normoglycemic individuals. Handgrip strength (HGS) is a key marker of sarcopenia, yet its association with glycated hemoglobin (A1C), a measure of long-term glycemia, remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 121 outpatients ≥65 years of age (80 women, 41 men). HGS was measured 3 times per hand using a calibrated dynamometer and the mean was recorded. Low HGS was defined using cutoffs of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Fasting A1C, analyzed in an accredited laboratory, was categorized as normal (&lt;5.7%), prediabetes (5.7% to 6.4%), and diabetes (≥6.5%). Correlations between A1C and anthropometric/functional measures were evaluated, and multivariate linear regression identified A1C predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean HGS was 26 kg in women and 39 kg in men; 11 participants (9.5%) had low HGS. Prediabetes prevalence was 49% in women and 41% in men. A1C correlated inversely with HGS in men (r=−0.47, p=0.002), but not in women (r=−0.16, p=0.14). Trend analysis showed decreasing grip strength and gait speed across A1C categories in men (p_trend=0.0015 and 0.012, respectively), but not in women. Post hoc power analysis showed that the smaller correlation between HGS and A1C in women had low statistical power, suggesting that the nonsignificant result may be due to insufficient power rather than a true absence of association.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lower HGS was associated with higher A1C in older men. The nonsignificant results in women are likely attributable to low statistical power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 2","pages":"Pages 82-87.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Experiences of Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis","authors":"Melissa Oxlad BA, BA(Hons), MPsych(Clin & Health), PhD ,&nbsp;Lorraine Smith BPsychSc(Hons) ,&nbsp;Tyla McNamara ,&nbsp;Ashley Young ,&nbsp;Ella Borrowdale ,&nbsp;Alexia S. Pena FRACP, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adolescents is increasing. Although T2D is known to bring physical health challenges, less is known about adolescents’ psychosocial experiences of T2D. We aimed to identify and synthesize existing qualitative research about adolescents’ psychosocial experiences of T2D to inform health-care recommendations. Guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-synthesis using a meta-aggregative approach. We searched 5 electronic databases to identify qualitative or mixed-methods primary studies examining adolescents’ psychosocial experiences of T2D, published in English, in a peer-reviewed journal from database inception to August 2024. Eight studies were included, with findings aggregated into 2 synthesized findings related to the diagnosis of T2D and living with T2D. At diagnosis, adolescents had limited knowledge of T2D, often obtained via observing family members with T2D, and desired further education. Adolescents also described a range of negative emotions, some of which influenced disclosure of their diagnosis. In living with T2D, adolescents contended with psychosocial challenges, with some viewing T2D as a burden and others as an opportunity for positive self-care and lifestyle changes. Adolescents described challenges with health behaviour changes and medical management. Social support was noted to be important. Adolescents with T2D have limited knowledge about the condition and desire greater education. They experience a range of emotions and challenges with T2D management and benefit from support. Based on our findings, we propose recommendations that may optimize adolescents’ physical, psychological, and social well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 2","pages":"Pages 115-123.e11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semaglutide Use With Automated Insulin Delivery in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Qualitative Analyses and Patient-reported Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Melissa-Rosina Pasqua MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Joelle Doumat BSc ,&nbsp;Michael A. Tsoukas MD ,&nbsp;Ahmad Haidar PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Interest in incretin therapy for type 1 diabetes is increasing, but data are lacking regarding patient-reported outcomes and personal experience among those using this drug.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This work is an analysis from a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial assessing semaglutide vs placebo, with automated insulin delivery in adults with type 1 diabetes, after 15-week interventions. The following questionnaires were used after each intervention: the Diabetes Distress Scale; the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey; the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire; Insulin-delivery Systems: Perceptions, Ideas, Reflections and Expectations (INSPIRE); and the Diabetes Bowel Symptom Questionnaire (DBSQ). Semistructured interviews were performed at the end of the trial. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by research personnel for themes using an inductive–deductive approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-three participants completed their questionnaires, whereas 24 performed interviews. For semaglutide vs placebo, only the DBSQ showed differing scores with increased symptom frequency and severity with semaglutide. Within the interviews, 42% of patients expressed interest in semaglutide use outside the study, with their reasons being lower insulin requirements, weight loss, and improved glycemic management. Many of these qualities, including complication risk reduction, were qualities of the ideal adjunctive therapy as per participants. Nausea and fear of vomiting were barriers to accurate preprandial determination of upcoming carbohydrate intake and thus preprandial bolus. Synergy was noted between the drug and automated insulin delivery by the participants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Semaglutide is of interest to those with type 1 diabetes. Safe and accurate bolus practice by patients in the context of nausea should be reviewed during dose titration. Questionnaires did not capture differences between semaglutide and placebo outside of increased gastrointestinal side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 38-46.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Patient-reported Outcomes in Adults With Non–Insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Inga Olu-Jordan BA ,&nbsp;Pratima Singh PharmD, MPH ,&nbsp;Jiawei Ryan Zhang ,&nbsp;Roseanne O. Yeung MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Donna P. Manca MD, MCIS ,&nbsp;Tawnya Perry RN ,&nbsp;Gulelala Rahim MD ,&nbsp;Evan Hagen MD ,&nbsp;Darren Lau MD, PhD, FRCPC","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our aim in this study was to assess the effect of a 6-week continuous glucose monitor (CGM) intervention with telemonitoring-enabled virtual diabetes educator visits on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not using insulin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Individuals with glycated hemoglobin (A1C) &gt;7.0% (n=105) were computer randomized in an open-label parallel-group design (<span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> NCT05319496) to receive either 6 weeks of upfront CGM (weeks 0 to 6) (n=45) or enhanced usual care (n=41), both with virtual diabetes educator visits. The following outcomes were measured at baseline (week 0), 6 weeks, and 12 weeks using the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID), the Diabetes Empowerment Scale---Short Form, the EuroQol-5D Visual Analogue Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire. Between-group differences in change scores for each outcome at 6 and 12 weeks were assessed using t tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 105 participants (mean age 57 years, 51% male, A1C 8.1%) studied, 86 completed the trial. CGM participants exhibited a greater reduction in total PAID scores at 12 weeks vs baseline when compared with those not using CGM (p=0.03), with similar between-group differences observed for PAID subscales of emotional distress (p=0.02) and food-related problems (p=0.004). CGM participants also had larger improvements in diabetes empowerment at 6 weeks (p=0.009). We did not detect any differences in the number of antihyperglycemic medication classes, physical activity, and diet.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In adults with T2D not on insulin, CGM with virtual educator visits produced improvements in emotional and food-related distress and in diabetes-related empowerment at 12 weeks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 30-37.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145403150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Subcutaneous Insulin for Management of Mild to Moderate Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Nonpregnant Individuals: A Retrospective Cohort Study at a Tertiary Care Centre","authors":"Judy K. Qiang MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Alex Kiss PhD ,&nbsp;Wanqing Yu MD ,&nbsp;Andre Carlos Kajdacsy-Balla Amaral MD ,&nbsp;Dominick Shelton MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Lowyl Notario BScN, MSc ,&nbsp;Ilana Halperin MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Subcutaneous (SC) insulin has been studied as an alternative to intravenous (IV) insulin to reduce resource consumption in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, feasibility and safety of an SC protocol have not been demonstrated in a Canadian context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective cohort study we examined the association between IV and SC insulin treatment for DKA and time to anion gap (AG) closure and length of stay (LOS) in hospital at a large Canadian tertiary care centre in nonpregnant adults with mild to moderate DKA. Rates of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and AG reopening requiring intervention were compared between treatment groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the SC-treated group, the IV group had a shorter time to AG closure (median time to AG closure 15.6 hours in the IV group vs 24.0 hours in the SC group, adjusted hazard ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45 to 0.92, p=0.02). IV-treated patients had much higher rates of hypoglycemia (1.6% in SC treated vs 19.6% in IV treated). SC-treated patients had a much lower rate of hypokalemia compared with IV-treated patients (adjusted odds ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.80, p=0.01). However, the groups had similar LOSs in hospital and rates of AG reopening requiring intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest SC insulin is safe. Although it may take 8.4 hours longer to close the AG with SC insulin, there is less hypoglycemia and hypokalemia and no difference in LOS in hospital.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 23-29.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Employer-sponsored Benefit Plans","authors":"Godfrey Mau BScPhm,&nbsp;Julie Hviid Hahn-Pedersen MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.10.170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our aim in this study was to quantify the health-benefit costs associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) among employees aged 40 to 59 years in Canadian employer-sponsored benefit plans.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed a self-insured health benefit plan database of &gt;100,000 employees during 2019 to 2023 in Canada. Employees with T2D or no diabetes were identified, and claims were examined across prescription drug, extended health care (EHC), short-term disability (STD), and long-term disability (LTD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2023, employees with T2D (n=3,575) had higher annual per-person total benefits cost of $6,488 vs $3,003 for those without diabetes (n=31,314). This was mainly due to higher drug claims ($3,471 vs $1,047) and LTD claims ($1,745 vs $983). A higher proportion of employees with T2D had a disability claim compared to those without (LTD 9.6% vs 5.5%, age-adjusted prevalence ratio 1.64; STD 8.6% vs 5.4%, age-adjusted prevalence ratio 1.63). The greatest difference in disability claims was for cardiovascular conditions (LTD 0.48% vs 0.06%, age-adjusted prevalence ratio 7.77; STD 0.48% vs 0.08%, age-adjusted prevalence ratio 7.65).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study underscores the substantial economic impact of T2D across health benefits for employers, highlighting the opportunity for employers to help their employees to better manage their diabetes by ensuring access to innovative medications and disease management programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9565,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 15-22.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}