V. Conca , P. Ciracì , C. Boccaccio , A. Minelli , C. Antoniotti , C. Cremolini
{"title":"Waiting for the “liquid revolution” in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer patients: a review of ongoing trials","authors":"V. Conca , P. Ciracì , C. Boccaccio , A. Minelli , C. Antoniotti , C. Cremolini","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since colon cancer has a high rate of shedding of tumour fragments into the blood, several research efforts are now focused on the investigation of the minimal residual disease through the detection of ctDNA to tailor the adjuvant therapy of colon cancer patients and optimize its cost/effectiveness balance. The negative prognostic impact of detectable ctDNA in patients’ blood after radical surgery for colon cancer is well established. Several clinical trials adopting heterogeneous designs and techniques are now ongoing to translate promises into daily practice by answering five general questions: i) is a ctDNA-guided decision making efficacious in the post-operative management of colon cancer patients? ii) are de-escalation strategies possible in ctDNA-negative cases? iii) are escalation strategies useful to improve the prognosis of ctDNA-positive patients? iv) when MRD is identified at the end of the adjuvant chemotherapy, is another post-adjuvant systemic therapy efficacious? v) can we exploit ctDNA technologies in the follow up of colon cancer patients? This review focuses on currently ongoing trials and how their results may affect the ctDNA “liquid revolution” of early colon cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102735"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305737224000628/pdfft?md5=37a7d95e19d22d96c7c457ba7b40bab5&pid=1-s2.0-S0305737224000628-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo Repetto , Marina Chiara Garassino , Herbert H. Loong , Fernando Lopez-Rios , Tony Mok , Solange Peters , David Planchard , Sanjay Popat , Erin R. Rudzinski , Alexander Drilon , Caicun Zhou
{"title":"NTRK gene fusion testing and management in lung cancer","authors":"Matteo Repetto , Marina Chiara Garassino , Herbert H. Loong , Fernando Lopez-Rios , Tony Mok , Solange Peters , David Planchard , Sanjay Popat , Erin R. Rudzinski , Alexander Drilon , Caicun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (<em>NTRK</em>) gene fusions are recurrent oncogenic drivers found in a variety of solid tumours, including lung cancer. Several tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors have been developed to treat tumours with <em>NTRK</em> gene fusions. Larotrectinib and entrectinib are first-generation TRK inhibitors that have demonstrated efficacy in patients with TRK fusion lung cancers. Genomic testing is recommended for all patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer for optimal drug therapy selection. Multiple testing methods can be employed to identify <em>NTRK</em> gene fusions in the clinic and each has its own advantages and limitations. Among these assays, RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be considered a gold standard for detecting <em>NTRK</em> gene fusions; however, several alternatives with minimally acceptable sensitivity and specificity are also available in areas where widespread access to NGS is unfeasible. This review highlights the importance of testing for <em>NTRK</em> gene fusions in lung cancer, ideally using the gold-standard method of RNA-based NGS, the various assays that are available, and treatment algorithms for patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 102733"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305737224000604/pdfft?md5=c185eea66fec999f66e35c687b15d5b0&pid=1-s2.0-S0305737224000604-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endocrine-metabolic assessment checklist for cancer patients treated with immunotherapy: A proposal by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) and Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) multidisciplinary group","authors":"Maria Chiara Zatelli , Antongiulio Faggiano MD , Antonella Argentiero , Romano Danesi , Stella D'Oronzo , Stefano Fogli , Tindara Franchina , Francesco Giorgino , Nicola Marrano , Dario Giuffrida , Stefania Gori , Giampiero Marino , Rossella Mazzilli , Matteo Monami , Monica Montagnani , Lelio Morviducci , Annalisa Natalicchio , Alberto Ragni , Valerio Renzelli , Antonio Russo , Marco Gallo","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is increasingly employed in oncology. National and international endocrine and oncologic scientific societies have provided guidelines for the management of endocrine immune-related adverse events. However, guidelines recommendations differ according to the specific filed, particularly pertaining to recommendations for the timing of endocrine testing. In this position paper, a panel of experts of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), and Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) offers a critical multidisciplinary consensus for a clear, simple, useful, and easily applicable endocrine-metabolic assessment checklist for cancer patients on immunotherapy<strong><em>.</em></strong></p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102734"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305737224000616/pdfft?md5=cfc7522f3d26d0dbdd973f3f3f67c817&pid=1-s2.0-S0305737224000616-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Palassini , Giacomo Giulio Baldi , Sara Sulfaro , Marta Barisella , Giuseppe Bianchi , Domenico Campanacci , Marco Fiore , Marco Gambarotti , Massimiliano Gennaro , Carlo Morosi , Federico Navarria , Emanuela Palmerini , Claudia Sangalli , Marta Sbaraglia , Annalisa Trama , Sebastian Asaftei , Giuseppe Badalamenti , Rossella Bertulli , Alexia Francesca Bertuzzi , Roberto Biagini , Silvia Stacchiotti
{"title":"Clinical recommendations for treatment of localized angiosarcoma: A consensus paper by the Italian Sarcoma Group","authors":"Elena Palassini , Giacomo Giulio Baldi , Sara Sulfaro , Marta Barisella , Giuseppe Bianchi , Domenico Campanacci , Marco Fiore , Marco Gambarotti , Massimiliano Gennaro , Carlo Morosi , Federico Navarria , Emanuela Palmerini , Claudia Sangalli , Marta Sbaraglia , Annalisa Trama , Sebastian Asaftei , Giuseppe Badalamenti , Rossella Bertulli , Alexia Francesca Bertuzzi , Roberto Biagini , Silvia Stacchiotti","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Angiosarcoma (AS) represents a rare and aggressive vascular sarcoma, posing distinct challenges in clinical management compared to other sarcomas.</p><p>While the current European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) clinical practice guidelines for sarcoma treatment are applicable to AS, its unique aggressiveness and diverse tumor presentations necessitate dedicated and detailed clinical recommendations, which are currently lacking. Notably, considerations regarding surgical extent, radiation therapy (RT), and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy vary significantly in localized disease, depending on each different site of onset. Indeed, AS are one of the sarcoma types most sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Despite this, uncertainties persist regarding optimal management across different clinical presentations, highlighting the need for further investigation through clinical trials.</p><p>The Italian Sarcoma Group (ISG) organized a consensus meeting on April 1st, 2023, in Castel San Pietro, Italy, bringing together Italian sarcoma experts from several disciplines and patient representatives from “Sofia nel Cuore Onlus” and the ISG patient advocacy working group. The objective was to develop specific clinical recommendations for managing localized AS within the existing framework of sarcoma clinical practice guidelines, accounting for potential practice variations among ISG institutions. The aim was to try to standardize and harmonize clinical practices, or at least highlight the open questions in the local management of the disease, to define the best evidence-based practice for the optimal approach of localized AS and generate the recommendations presented herein.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102722"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305737224000495/pdfft?md5=fd16afd15a860a71b12ef452dcc094ce&pid=1-s2.0-S0305737224000495-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rana R. McKay , Alicia K. Morgans , Neal D. Shore , Curtis Dunshee , Geeta Devgan , Neeraj Agarwal
{"title":"First-line combination treatment with PARP and androgen receptor–signaling inhibitors in HRR-deficient mCRPC: Applying clinical study findings to clinical practice in the United States","authors":"Rana R. McKay , Alicia K. Morgans , Neal D. Shore , Curtis Dunshee , Geeta Devgan , Neeraj Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains incurable and develops from biochemically recurrent PC treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) following definitive therapy for localized PC, or from metastatic castration-sensitive PC (mCSPC). In the mCSPC setting, treatment intensification of ADT plus androgen receptor (AR)–signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), with or without chemotherapy, improves outcomes vs ADT alone. Despite multiple phase 3 trials demonstrating a survival benefit of treatment intensification in PC, there remains high use of ADT monotherapy in real-world clinical practice. Prior studies indicate that co-inhibition of AR and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) may result in enhanced benefit in treating tumors regardless of alterations in DNA damage response genes involved either directly or indirectly in homologous recombination repair (HRR). Three recent phase 3 studies evaluated the combination of a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) with an ARSI as first-line treatment for mCRPC: TALAPRO-2, talazoparib plus enzalutamide; PROpel, olaparib plus abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AAP); and MAGNITUDE, niraparib plus AAP. Results from these studies have led to the recent approval in the United States of talazoparib plus enzalutamide for the treatment of mCRPC with any HRR alteration, and of both olaparib and niraparib indicated in combination with AAP for the treatment of mCRPC with <em>BRCA</em> alterations.</p></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><p>Here, we review the newly approved PARPi plus ARSI treatments within the context of the mCRPC treatment landscape, provide an overview of practical considerations for the combinations in clinical practice, highlight the importance of HRR testing, and discuss the benefits of treatment intensification for patients with mCRPC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102726"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305737224000537/pdfft?md5=34a90bb4f127c7db61737d359c0f11f9&pid=1-s2.0-S0305737224000537-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Li Sucholeiki , Casey L. Propst , David S. Hong , Goldy C. George
{"title":"Intermittent fasting and its impact on toxicities, symptoms and quality of life in patients on active cancer treatment","authors":"Robert Li Sucholeiki , Casey L. Propst , David S. Hong , Goldy C. George","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intermittent fasting is a dietary intervention that is increasingly being tested for positive outcomes in patients receiving cancer treatment. In this review, we examine the impact of intermittent fasting on symptoms, toxicities, and quality of life in patients undergoing cancer therapy and highlight unmet investigative areas to prompt future research. While current evidence is preliminary and conclusions mixed, some promising clinical studies suggest that intermittent fasting interventions may improve fatigue and reduce gastrointestinal toxicities in certain patients with cancer. Emerging clinical evidence also demonstrates that intermittent fasting may reduce off-target DNA damage, and induce favorable cellular-level immune remodeling. Furthermore, intermittent fasting has the potential to lower hyperglycemia and the ratio of fat to lean body mass, which may benefit patients at risk of hyperglycemia and weight-related adverse effects of some common pharmacological cancer treatments. Larger controlled studies are necessary to evaluate intermittent fasting in relation to these endpoints and determine the effectiveness of intermittent fasting as an adjunct intervention during cancer care. Future cancer trials should evaluate intermittent fasting diets in the context of multimodal diet, exercise, and nutrition strategies, and also evaluate the impact of intermittent fasting on other important areas such as the circadian system and the gut microbiome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102725"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy in Non-Small cell lung cancer","authors":"Christopher Grant , Misako Nagasaka","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages I-III are predominantly treated with surgery and combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy. A majority of these studies excluded patients with <em>EGFR</em> and <em>ALK</em> alterations. There are several completed and ongoing trials evaluating neoadjuvant treatment with <em>EGFR-TKI</em> monotherapy, combination therapy with chemotherapy, and combination therapy with immunotherapy. Here, we review completed clinical trials and discuss current ongoing trials’ potential benefits, challenges, and future directions in the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102724"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305737224000513/pdfft?md5=a916c4b1247f0df2d57685d15c548e76&pid=1-s2.0-S0305737224000513-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular characterization as new driver in prognostic signatures and therapeutic strategies for endometrial cancer","authors":"Elisa D'Agostino , Luciana Mastrodomenico , Ornella Ponzoni , Cinzia Baldessari , Claudia Piombino , Stefania Pipitone , Maria Giuseppa Vitale , Roberto Sabbatini , Massimo Dominici , Angela Toss","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endometrial cancer (EC) incidence and mortality rates have been increasing, particularly among young females. Although more than 90% of ECs are sporadic, 5–10% are hereditary, a majority of which occurs within Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer syndrome (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome. The traditional histopathological classification differentiates EC between two main groups: type I (or endometrioid) and type II (including all other histopathological subtypes). However, this classification lacks reproducibility and does not account for the emerging molecular heterogeneity. In 2013, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project proposed EC molecular classification defining four groups with different prognostic and predictive values and the current international guidelines are progressively establishing EC risk stratification and treatment based on both histopathological and molecular criteria. Our manuscript aims to summarize the current state of EC molecular characterizations, including germline alterations at the basis of hereditary EC predisposition, to discuss their clinical utility as prognostic and predictive markers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102723"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140328231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob J. Adashek , Shumei Kato , Jason K. Sicklick , Scott M. Lippman , Razelle Kurzrock
{"title":"If it’s a target, it’s a pan-cancer target: Tissue is not the issue","authors":"Jacob J. Adashek , Shumei Kato , Jason K. Sicklick , Scott M. Lippman , Razelle Kurzrock","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer is traditionally diagnosed and treated on the basis of its organ of origin (e.g., lung or colon cancer). However, organ-of-origin diagnostics does not reveal the underlying oncogenic drivers. Fortunately, molecular diagnostics have advanced at a breathtaking pace, and it is increasingly apparent that cancer is a disease of the genome. Hence, we now have multiple genomic biomarker-based, tissue-agnostic Food and Drug Administration approvals for both gene- and immune-targeted therapies (larotrectinib/entrectinib, for <em>NTRK</em> fusions; selpercatinib, <em>RET</em> fusions; dabrafenib plus trametinib, <em>BRAF<sup>V600E</sup></em> mutations; pembrolizumab/dostarlimab, microsatellite instability; and pembrolizumab for high tumor mutational burden; pemigatinib is also approved for <em>FGFR1</em>-rearranged myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms). There are emerging targets as well, including but not limited to <em>ALK</em>, <em>BRCA</em> and/or homologous repair deficiency, <em>ERBB2 (HER2), IDH1/2, KIT, KRAS<sup>G12C</sup>, NRG1,</em> and <em>VHL.</em> Many tissue-agnostic approvals center on rare/ultra-rare biomarkers (often < 1 % of cancers), necessitating screening hundreds of tumors to find a single one harboring the cognate molecular alteration. Approval has generally been based on small single-arm studies (<30–100 patients) with high response rates (>30 % to > 75 %) of remarkable durability. Because of biomarker rarity, single-gene testing is not practical; next generation sequencing of hundreds of genes must be performed to obtain timely answers. Resistance to biomarker-driven therapeutics is often due to secondary mutations or co-driver gene defects; studies are now addressing the need for customized drug combinations matched to the complex molecular alteration portfolio in each tumor. Future investigation should expand tissue-agnostic therapeutics to encompass both hematologic and solid malignancies and include biomarkers beyond those that are DNA-based.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 102721"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305737224000483/pdfft?md5=3f4ec6cafd3249179b5fbfb12b2ffac3&pid=1-s2.0-S0305737224000483-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}