Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Chapter 5: Treatment of tuberculosis disease","authors":"J. Johnston, R. Cooper, D. Menzies","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2036504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2036504","url":null,"abstract":"KEY POINTS • Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) disease should include 2 effective drugs at all times, and at least 3 effective drugs in the intensive phase (ie, first 2 months of therapy). • Most patients with TB disease should be initiated on a regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol until results of genotypic or phenotypic drug susceptibility are available. Therapy should be given daily for the first 2 months, then daily when feasible. • Meaningful and culturally appropriate patient engagement, education and support are critical for achieving successful TB treatment. • TB clinicians and programs should provide comprehensive, patient-centred care that uses incentives and enablers to ensure optimal treatment adherence. • All jurisdictions should have capacity to provide daily, in-person, supportive care for people with TB. Support should be tailored to individual needs and may include directly observed therapy. • Regardless of insurance coverage or immigration documentation, people with active TB should be provided with TB medications and appropriate treatment support free of charge. • People at high risk for TB recurrence should be monitored for signs/symptoms of TB recurrence during the first 12-24 months post-therapy. • Pulmonary function testing should be performed in all people completing therapy for pulmonary TB, given the high incidence of respiratory disease in people with TB. • TB programs should ensure that people with TB are linked to a stable primary care provider before the end of TB treatment.","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"66 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79876388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 12: An introductory guide to tuberculosis care to improve cultural competence for health care workers and public health professionals serving Indigenous Peoples of Canada","authors":"J. Dunn, Marlene Larocque, D. V. Van Dyk, Eduardo Vides, F. Khan, T. Wong, Richard P. Long, Gonzalo G. Alvarez","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2041328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2041328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"184 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73202692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 10: Treatment of active tuberculosis in special populations","authors":"R. Cooper, S. Houston, C. Hughes, J. Johnston","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2039500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2039500","url":null,"abstract":"adepartment of Medicine, division of infectious diseases, university of alberta, edmonton, alberta, Canada; bschool of public Health, university of alberta, edmonton, alberta, Canada; cfaculty of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences, university of alberta, edmonton, alberta, Canada; ddivision of respiratory Medicine, university of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; etB services, British Columbia Centre for disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"149 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80106449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 1: Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Canada","authors":"A. Mounchili, Reshel Perera, Robyn S. Lee, H. Njoo, James Brooks","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2033062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2033062","url":null,"abstract":"• The overall incidence rate of active tuberculosis (TB) disease in Canada is low and has remained unchanged in the last 10 years at around 4.6-5.1 individuals per 100,000 population, with males more affected than females. The rate in 2020 was 4.7 per 100,000 population. • Pronounced disparities in certain population subgroups and geographic regions persist. Foreign-born individuals and Canadian-born Indigenous peoples in particular continue to be disproportionately affected by TB. • The active TB disease incidence rate in Inuit communities has been the highest in Canada for the past two decades, peaking in 2012 at 251.6 individuals per 100,000 population, more than 51 times the overall Canadian incidence rate. In 2020, the incidence rate was 70.3 per 100,000 population, or 15 times the overall Canadian rate. • The rate of active TB disease among First Nations on-reserve populations has gradually decreased since 2009, and leveled off after 2017 at just under 20.0 per 100,000 population, or three times the Canadian incidence rate. Incidence rates among First Nations off-reserve populations have been lower, at about 10.0 per 100,000 population since 2013. • Métis have been less affected among Canadian-born Indigenous peoples, with active TB disease incidence rates that gradually decreased to levels below the overall Canadian rate since 2012, varying between 2.2 and 3.7 per 100,000 population. • Individuals born outside Canada constitute the largest proportion of people reported with active TB disease, with an incidence rate that has remained almost unchanged since 2005, at about 15.0 individuals per 100,000 population. • The Canadian-born, non-Indigenous population is the least affected, with an incidence rate that gradually decreased by 83.3%, from 1.2 per 100,000 population in 2001 to 0.2 per 100,000 population in 2020. • Between 2017 and 2020, 3.5% of individuals who had active TB disease and whose human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was known were HIV-positive. • In the last 20 years, on average, 12 TB-related deaths per year were reported in Canadian-born, non-Indigenous populations, compared to about 44 deaths annually for foreign-born populations. • Over the last 12 years, drug-resistant TB was isolated in 9.5% (n = 1,598) of people diagnosed with active TB disease and whose isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing. Of these, 83.2% (n = 1,329) had mono-resistance, primarily to isoniazid (INH) (n = 1,072) and pyrazinamide (PZA) (n = 225). Multidrug resistance (ie, resistance to INH and rifampin) accounted for 3.6% (n = 57), and extensively drug-resistance (ie, resistance to isoniazid and rifampin), plus any fluoroquinolone and at least 1 of 3 injectable second-line drugs (ie, amikacin, kanamycin or capreomycin), was rare and detected only 6 times.","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"135 1","pages":"8 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77531848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 11: Tuberculosis contact investigation and outbreak management","authors":"E. Rea, Jessika Huard, Robyn S. Lee","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2037909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2037909","url":null,"abstract":"atuberculosis program, toronto public Health, toronto, ontario, Canada; bdalla lana school of public Health, university of toronto, toronto, ontario, Canada; cdirection régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; dnunavik regional Board of Health and social services, public Health, Kuujjuaq, Québec, Canada","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"167 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91344251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 6: Tuberculosis preventive treatment in adults","authors":"G. Alvarez, C. Pease, D. Menzies","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2039498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2039498","url":null,"abstract":"• Either once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for 3 months (3HP), or daily rifampin for 4 months (4R) is recommended. • When rifamycin based regimens cannot be used because they are not tolerated, not feasible or are contraindicated, the 9-month daily isoniazid regimen (9H) is the preferred option. • When the 9H regimen cannot be used, the six-month daily isoniazid regimen (6H) is recommended. • Evaluate for interactions between patients’ baseline medications and the prospective TPT regimen through an up-to-date drug decision support tool prior to treatment initiation.","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"77 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83684131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 8: Drug-resistant tuberculosis","authors":"S. Brode, R. Dwilow, D. Kunimoto, D. Menzies, F. Khan","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2039499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2039499","url":null,"abstract":"adepartment of Medicine, university of toronto, toronto, ontario, Canada; bdept of Medicine, university Health network and Mount sinai Hospital, toronto, ontario, Canada; cdivision of respiratory Medicine, West park Healthcare Centre, toronto, ontario, Canada; dpediatric infectious diseases and Medical Microbiology, Max rady College of Medicine, university of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; edepartment of Medicine, faculty of Medicine & dentistry, university of alberta, Walter Mackenzie Health sciences Centre, edmonton, alberta, Canada; fdepartments of Medicine, epidemiology & Biostatistics, McGill university, Montréal, Québec, Canada; gMcGill international tB Centre, McGill university & Centre for outcomes research & evaluation (Core), research institute of the McGill university Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada; hdept of services spécialisés, ungava tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Québec, Canada; idept of services spécialisés, inuulitsivik Health Centre, puvirnituq, Québec, Canada","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"109 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78700354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 14: Prevention and control of tuberculosis transmission in healthcare settings","authors":"B. Johnston, T. Ogunremi, K. Defalco, N. Savard, Stephanie W. Smith","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2043677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2043677","url":null,"abstract":"provides key information related to ventilation and does not replace information found in the relevant standards and guidelines. for further details, consult the complete guidelines and/or standards. adapted from tables in the CdC, 49 Csa 50 and asHrae 51 documents.","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":"205 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84763706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 7: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"L. Barss, W. Connors, D. Fisher","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2036073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2036073","url":null,"abstract":"• Samples (fluid and tissue) for extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) should be sent for acid-fast bacilli smear, mycobacterial culture and nucleic acid amplification test. Tissue biopsy should be sent in sterile saline for these mycobacterial tests as well as in formalin for histopathologic assessment. Drug susceptibility testing should be requested for positive culture samples. • If the specimen is insufficient for all testing, mycobacterial culture should be prioritized given it has the highest diagnostic yield and allows for gold-standard phenotypic drug testing. • Every person with presumed extra-pulmonary TB should also be assessed for pulmonary TB to assess infectiousness and potentially assist with diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"87 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84324171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 13: Tuberculosis surveillance and tuberculosis infection testing and treatment in migrants","authors":"C. Greenaway, Tanya Diefenbach-Elstob, K. Schwartzman, V. Cook, G. Giovinazzo, H. Njoo, A. Mounchili, J. Brooks","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2035544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2035544","url":null,"abstract":"adepartment of Medicine, McGill university, Montréal, Québec, Canada; bdivision of infectious diseases, sMBd-Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; cMcGill international tB Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; dCentre for Clinical epidemiology, lady davis institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; eMontreal Chest institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; fresearch institute of the McGill university Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; gBritish Columbia Centre for disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; hfaculty of Medicine, university of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; iMigration Health Branch, immigration, refugees and Citizenship Canada, Government of Canada, ottawa, ontario, Canada; jinfectious disease prevention and Control Branch, public Health agency of Canada, ottawa, ontario, Canada; kantimicrobial resistance division, public Health agency of Canada, ottawa, ontario, Canada","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"194 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87156181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}