Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club最新文献

{"title":"Salinity Response, Distribution, and Possible Dispersal of a Barrier Island Strand Glycophyte, Strophostyles umbellata (Fabaceae)","authors":"David L. Erickson, D. Young","doi":"10.2307/2996447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality of western larch seedlings in relation to seedbed characteristics at the dry end of its ecological range","authors":"B. Oswald, L. Neuenschwander, L. Neuenschwander","doi":"10.2307/2996448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996448","url":null,"abstract":"OSWALD, B. P. (Department of Plant and Soil Science, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762) AND L. F. NEUENSCHWANDER (College of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843). Mortality of westem larch seedlings in relation to seedbed characteristics at the dry end of its ecological range. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 122: 101-108. 1995.-The effects of different seedbeds on westem larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) germination and seedling mortality were assessed in a grand fir/ninebark (Abies grandis ((Dougl. ex. D.Don) Lindl.))/(Physocarpus malvaceus((Greene) Kuntze)) habitat type in northem Idaho, U.S.A. Two plots were established on each of four sites, and 150 westem larch seeds (66% viable) were distributed on each of 16 randomly applied seedbed modification combinations (bumed or mechanical scarified, mineral soil or duff, shaded or non-shaded, caged or non-caged for protection from predation). Germination percentages and seedling development were significantly greater (4-10 times) on caged units than on uncaged units by midJuly. Shading did not significantly affect germination percentage or initial seedling establishment. No significant differences occurred in germination or initial seedling establishment between bumed and unbumed treatments. Mortality of seedlings, most likely caused by a month-long dry period with high temperatures, resulted in no significant differences in seedling numbers among treatments by mid-August the first year after seed dispersal. On the dry end of this species' range, there does not appear to be any difference in seedling survival from seedbed modification.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VEGETATIVE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN RIPARIAN FORESTS","authors":"C. Hedman, D. V. Lear","doi":"10.2307/2996452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996452","url":null,"abstract":"HEDMAN, CRAUG W. (Southlands Experiment Forest, International Paper, Bainbridge, GA 31717) AND DAvID H. VAN LEAR (Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1003). Vegetative structure and composition of Southern Appalachian riparian forests. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 134-144. 1995.-Vegetative characteristics of twelve Southern Appalachian riparian forests were sampled as part of a larger study which examined functional attributes of riparian zones. Riparian forests were representative of the mixed mesophytic forest, eastern hemlock forest, and transitions between these types. Earlyand mid-successional stages were generally dominated by an overstory of pioneering shade-intolerant species and had an even-aged structure. The diameter distribution of these relatively young stands of mixed species was typically inverse J-shaped. Late-successional and old-growth stages were dominated by shade-tolerant or moderately tolerant overstory species and were uneven-aged. Diameter distribution in these older stands approximated a rotated sigmoid curve. Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) was the dominant understory species and controlled understory and midstory composition. Characterization of riparian forests in different stages of succession will help understanding of vegetative processes and forms the basis of subsequent ecological studies of riparian functional dynamics.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harvest-created and natural canopy gaps in an oak-pine forest in Maine","authors":"Alan J. Kimball, J. Witham, James L. Rudnicky, Alan S. White, M. Hunter","doi":"10.2307/2996450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of expanding clones of Gaylussacia baccata (black huckleberry) on species composition in sandplain grassland on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","authors":"K. Harper, K. Koch","doi":"10.2307/2996451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996451","url":null,"abstract":"community were investigated. Expansion rates of G. baccata clones were determined by measuring the diameters of clones on 1975 aerial photographs and in the field in 1990. Data were collected on the cover, maximum height and stem density of G. baccata, as well as the presence of other species, in 0.25 m2 quadrats placed along radial transects within and outside clones. G. baccata clones nearly doubled in area from 1975 to 1990. Clone expansion was accompanied by an increase in G. baccata cover, height and stem density, and a corresponding decrease in species richness. The frequencies of other plant species displayed three different patterns along a transect into G. baccata clones: no change, a gradual decrease, and a sharp decrease in frequency at the clone edge.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifteen-Year Population and Habitat Changes in a Narrow Idaho Endemic, Phlox idahonis Wherry","authors":"R. Moseley, Rex C. Crawford","doi":"10.2307/2996449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical Forests: Management and Ecology","authors":"A. Lugo, C. Lowe","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4612-2498-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2498-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"63 8","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-1-4612-2498-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50952475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthesis and water-use efficiency of two sandhill oaks following additions of water and nutrients","authors":"M. Vaitkus, K. McLeod","doi":"10.2307/2996401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996401","url":null,"abstract":"VAITKUS, M. R. AND K. W. McLEOD (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802). Photosynthesis and water-use efficiency of two sandhill oaks following additions of water and nutrients. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 30-39. 1995.-Water and nutrients are considered the primary factors limiting vegetative growth in many plant communities. We examined the effects of added water and nutrients on photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of juveniles of Quercus hemisphaerica and Quercus laevis growing together in a sandhill community in South Carolina. Supplemental water and nutrients were added in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Diurnal photosynthesis was determined approximately biweekly from June to October and integrated long-term WUE was evaluated using carbon isotope discrimination at the end of this period. Analysis of diurnal photosynthesis curves indicated no significant differences between species, but differences within species were significant between day of sampling, time of measurement, and treatment. Net photosynthesis of Q. hemisphaerica in watered treatments was significantly greater than photosynthesis in unwatered treatments, primarily at midday on days with high temperatures following prolonged drought. Neither nutrients nor water significantly affected the photosynthesis of Q. laevis, regardless of environmental conditions. Fertilization was found to differentially affect WUE of Q. hemisphaerica and Q. laevis, possibly confounding WUE differences between these two species. Because Q. hemisphaerica is often found in more mesic environments than Q. laevis, and because it responded to the addition of water with an increase in photosynthesis, we concluded that in a sandhill community Q. hemisphaerica juveniles are limited primarily by water rather than by low fertility. Our results indicated that juveniles of Q. laevis, the community dominant, are not as plastic as Q. hemisphaerica in their response to fertilizer and water additions.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"78 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68406683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rain forest.","authors":"A. Greller, L. McDade, K. Bawa, H. Hespenheide, G. Hartshorn","doi":"10.2307/2996404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996404","url":null,"abstract":"La Selva, a nature reserve and field station in Costa Rica, is one of the most intensively studied and best-understood tropical field sites in the world. For over 30 years, La Selva has been a major focus of research on rainforest ecology, flora and fauna. This volume provides a comprehensive review of this research, covering La Selva's geographical history and physical setting, its plant and animal life, and agricultural development and land use. Drawing together a wealth of information, \"La Selva\" offers a substantive treatment of the ecology of a rainforest. Part 1 summarizes research on the physical setting and environment of the rainforest, as well as the history of the research station. Some chapters in this part focus on climate, geomorphology and aquatic systems, while others look at soils, nutrient acquisition and cycles of energy. Part 2 synthesizes what is known about the plant community. It begins with chapters on vegetation types and plant diversity, and also explores plant demography, spatial patterns of trees, and the impact of treefall gaps on forest structure and dynamics. Other chapters address plant physiological ecology, as well as plant reproductive systems. Part 3 covers the animal community, summarizing information on the six best-known animal taxa of the region: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals and butterflies. This part includes an overview of faunal studies at La Selva and a chapter on animal population biology, which examines animal demography and abundance, and interactions between predators and prey. Part 4 addresses interactions between plants and animals and the effects of these interactions on species diversity. Part 5 considers the impact of land use and agricultural development on La Selva and other areas of Costa Rica. One chapter examines land colonization and conservation in Sarapiqui, another covers subsistence and commercial agricultural development in the Atlantic lowlands region, and a third looks at the forest industry in north-eastern Costa Rica. This part also assesses the role and research priorities of La Selva. \"La Selva\" provides an introduction to tropical ecology for students and researchers at La Selva, a major source of comparative information for biologists working in other tropical areas, and a resource for conservationists.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68406803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reproductive biology of Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench (Asclepiadaceae), a Mediterranean weed in New York State.","authors":"Cecile Lumer, Susan E. Yost","doi":"10.2307/2996399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996399","url":null,"abstract":"York. The small, dark purple flowers open in the morning and remain open for approximately 7 days. Although a heavy, fruity, unpleasant scent is emitted throughout the day and night, it is strongest during the day. The first flowers appear in mid-May, but peak flowering occurs in mid- to late-June, tapering off in early July. The flowers are autogamous, with 4.2% of 167 bagged flowers setting fruits with viable seeds, as compared to 1 1. 1% of 72 unbagged flowers. In addition, the plants are clonal, with deep roots and rhizomes. Of 50 seeds tested in September (without a period of dormancy) 14 germinated, versus 20 of 50 that had overwintered. Of seeds from unbagged flowers, 49% germinated versus 40% of those produced by autogamy. Although more than 14 species of flies visited the flowers of V. nigrum, only six species, representing four families, carried V. nigrum pollinia. Flies pick up pollinia on their proboscises as they probe for nectar. A large territorial fly, Sarcophaga sp., defends flowers from visits by other flies.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68406620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}