Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club最新文献

{"title":"Atlas Florae Europaeae : Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe","authors":"A. Kurtto, A. Sennikov, R. Lampinen","doi":"10.2307/2997132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2997132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2997132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48617369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolution of Ipomoea series Anisomerae (Convolvulaceae)","authors":"D. Austin","doi":"10.2307/2996581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996581","url":null,"abstract":"AUISTIN, [). F (Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic LUniversity, Boca Raton, FL 33431). Dissolution of IPaOinOaC series Anisonierace (Convolvuilaceae). J. Torrey Bot. Club 124:140-159. 1997.-Since the Anisonmerae was proposed by House in 1908, all but three species have been move(i into other parts of the genus. Morphological study now indicates that these three species should be placed elsewhere. Ipaaomoca aniSO(nII(erS belongs in sect. Erpiponaoea. Iponoeaa squamaiosa and 1. lindlenii do not seemii to be closely related to each otheror to 1. anisomeres. Thus, this series was polyphyletic. The species were originally grouped together because o0 convergent evolution in sepal inequality. Placement is proposed foir all namles inclujded in 1908. The original species are tnow placed in Ipomaoea sect. Eriosperinum (ser. Batatas, ser. Eriospermnum, ser: Miraindinae); lpO))O('e sect Erpj)ipnomoca; Ipoanoea sect. Exogoniutn; Ipomaoca sect. Plharbitis ser. Tvriantllinae; to an Australian Ioainoca alliance (section unknown); and to the Old World genus Xenostegia. Several taxa confused with Ipomnoca anisomeres and 1. squanoasa are discussed. Ipomaoca pedicellaris is moved from ser. Setosae to sect. ErlpipIonoaca. Nine species are described and illustrated, including the Hawaiian endemic Ipotnoea tuboides (sect. Exoagonium), and a new Panamanianl endemic Ipomaoet eremionobroahai D. F Austin sp. nov. (sect. Eriospermum). A key is provided for identification. A new section and series are proposed for lpon)oea subg. Quaionclit sect. Trioloares J. A. McDonald, sect. nov., and Ipaomoea subg. Quarnoclit sect. Tricolores ser. Microsepalae D. F Aulstin, comb. inov.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68408862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive biology of the monoecious clonal shrub Taxus canadensis","authors":"P. Wilson, M. Buonopane, T. Allison","doi":"10.2307/2996301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996301","url":null,"abstract":"WILSON, P. (Department of Biology, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303), M. BUONOPANE (Department of Biology, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240) AND T D. ALLISON (Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002). Reproductive biology of the monoecious clonal shrub Taxus canadensis. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 7-15 1996.-Strobilus production, pollination, and maturation were studied in Taxus canadensis, a procumbent clonally-spreading shrub. Plants that produced many cones had greater shoot growth; no obvious tradeoff between sexual effort and vegetative growth was observed. T canadensis is monoecious, but plants showed considerable variation in phenotypic gender. Because related species are dioecious, we hypothesize that T. canadensis evolved from a dioecious ancestor. Monoecy may have been favored as a means of assuring pollination via selfing; the proportion of ovules pollinated was positively correlated with the number of male cones on a plant. Selfing may be at the cost of inbreeding depression; 26% of the female cones aborted, about twice the percentage of the dioecious Taxus cuspidata. Application of nutrient fertilizer did not reduce the abortion percentage. Seed and aril maturation in T. canadensis occurred over a three month period, much more gradually than in T cuspidata. Removal of the seeds, probably by antagonistic rodents, was very rapid and thorough in T canadensis. Asynchronous ripening and monoecy may help reduce seed predation by rodents by reducing the conspicuousness of \"fruiting\" displays relative to the dioecious species.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pollen competition on offspring quality at varying stages of the life cycle in Silene latifolia Poiret (Caryophyllaceae)","authors":"T. Lassere, S. B. Carroll, D. Mulcahy","doi":"10.2307/2996791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996791","url":null,"abstract":"from the ovary. We performed an experiment in which we placed excess pollen at one of two distances from the ovary. We then compared seed, seedling, and adult characters of the progeny resulting from these two treatments. Pollen placement had a statistically significant effect on adult sex ratio, with progeny resulting from more intense pollen competition containing a statistical excess of males, and progeny resulting from less intense competition containing a nonsignificant excess of females. Pollen placement did not have a statistically significant effect on any of seven measures of offspring quality (seed number per fruit, mean seed mass, seedling emergence time, cotyledon area after two weeks, leaf area after four weeks, above-ground dry weight after six weeks, and days required to flower). Since one of our dependent variables (seedling emergence time) was found to be significantly affected by pollen competition in an earlier study, it appears that such traits may be as much influenced by parental, environmental, or population-level effects as by pollen competition.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Viola blanda in relation to within-habitat variation in canopy openness, soil phosphorus, and magnesium'","authors":"C. Griffith","doi":"10.2307/2996776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996776","url":null,"abstract":"GRIFTH, C. (School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506). Distribution of Viola blanda in relation to within-habitat variation in canopy openness, soil phosphorus, and magnesium. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 281-285. 1996.-Abiotic resources in a deciduous forest often are patchily distributed, with different microsites having different resource levels. If plant growth and reproduction depends on access to these resources, then plants may occupy only the richer microsites within a habitat. In order to determine if the presence of individual ramets of Viola blanda Willd. (Violaceae) are correlated with microsite resource levels, I measured soil chemistry (pH, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and canopy openness at 100 random points and the nearest 100 points with V. blanda along a 600 m transect in the Cumberland Plateau in eastern Kentucky. A quadratic discriminant function in combination with a cross-validation method found that resource levels correctly classified 77.5% of the violet points and 55.2% of the random points. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicated that phosphorus concentrations and tree canopy openness were significantly higher at the violet points than at the random points. However, the random points had higher magnesium levels. Several mechanisms may explain this pattern, including differences in pollinator activity as a result of light levels, myrmecochory, clonal growth, or higher growth rates on microsites with higher resource levels.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation, biomass, and nitrogen pools in a spruce-fir forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park1","authors":"E. Pauley, S. Nodvin, N. Nicholas, A. Rose, T. B. Coffey, E. Drawer, T. Valley","doi":"10.2307/2996781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996781","url":null,"abstract":"high on low-elevation east-facing slopes near streams. Picea contained 71% of the live overstory N, while Abies contained less than 2%. Although Picea foliage comprised only 6% of live biomass, 37% of the total N content was in Picea needles. Overall, some species distributions reflect well-known landscape patterns (e.g., increasing Abies importance with elevation); distributions of other species (e.g., Picea and Betula) reflect smaller-scale topographic and possibly disturbance-oriented patterns. The watershed is large enough to encompass vegetation patterns at several spatial scales, all of which will influence N storage and dynamics.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68410682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pocono till barrens: shrub savanna persisting on soils favoring forest1","authors":"R. Latham, J. Thompson, Sarah A. Riley, Anne W. Wibiralske","doi":"10.2307/2996782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996782","url":null,"abstract":"LATHAM, R. E., J. E. THOMPSON, S. A. RILEY AND A. W. WIBIRALSKE (Department of Geology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316). The Pocono till barrens: shrub savanna persisting on soils favoring forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 330-349. 1996.-A previously undescribed shrub savanna community, which we refer to as the Pocono till barrens, occurs mainly on soils weathered from glacial till of Illinoian age on the southern Pocono Plateau of Pennsylvania. Unlike most \"barrens\" in east-central North America, its soils are not sandy or shallow to bedrock; the same deep, fine-loamy soil series underlie the barrens and nearby northern hardwoods forest. An unusual abundance of rare plant and animal species in and near the barrens has attracted the attention of scientists and biodiversity conservation professionals. In an effort to understand the ecological dynamics of the Pocono till barrens and why the barrens are different from their mostly forested surroundings, we undertook studies of vegetation history, landscape patterns, plant species distributions and water table depth. The Pocono till barrens (1) are old, pre-dating European settlement of the area; (2) have burned frequently and over large areas throughout their recorded history; (3) presently cover more than 22 km2 adjacent to a belt of xeric ridgetop barrens totaling approximately 18 kM2; (4) have in abundance plants usually found in moist or wet soil conditions living side-by-side with those normally associated with xeric habitats; and (5) include several vegetation types which are distributed on the landscape, in part, in association with a soil moisture gradient. The Pocono till barrens appear to flout the conventional wisdom that barrens vegetation reflects droughty, nutrient-poor soils. Although the Pocono till barrens substantially pre-date European settlement of the area, fire is clearly the key to maintenance of barrens vegetation in this system. We hypothesize that biotic factors are more important than abiotic factors in determining distributions of barrens and forest vegetation on the southern Pocono Plateau.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fire-generated gaps on growth and reproduction of golden aster (Pityopsis graminifolia)\"","authors":"J. Brewer, W. Platt, J. S. Glitzenstein, D. Streng, W. Platt, J. S. Glitzenstein, D. Streng","doi":"10.2307/2996778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996778","url":null,"abstract":"only slightly greater (- 10%), however, inside gaps than outside gaps in May-burned blocks four months after the May fires. We therefore conclude that golden aster potentially performs better within fire-generated gaps than within dense vegetation dominated by wiregrass, at least in years without lightning season (May) fires. We suggest, however, that such differences between gaps and dense vegetation likely have little effect on the long term performance of golden aster in pine savannas frequently burned in May.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68410619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of canopy opening on recruitment in Clethra alnifolia L. (Clethraceae) populations in central New Jersey wetland forests","authors":"R. Jordan, J. Hartman, J. Hartman","doi":"10.2307/2996777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996777","url":null,"abstract":"JORDAN, R. A. AND J. M. HARTMAN (Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, P.O. Box 231, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903). Effects of canopy opening on recruitment in Clethra alnifolia populations in central New Jersey wetland forests. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 286-294. 1996.-We measured stem growth and recruitment in three populations of Clethra alnifolia established in wetland forests, in canopy gaps, and in a recently cleared powerline right-of-way (ROW) to assess the ways in which C. alnifolia responded to canopy disturbance. Seasonal growth and density of stems and flowering rates were greater in canopy gaps, although greater overall recruitment occurred in the closed canopy forest. Total stem density, extension growth, and flowering significantly increased in the ROW and were directly related to distance from the ROW edge. Seedling density and new stem recruitment also increased significantly in the disturbed area. Clethra alnifolia demonstrated a \"light flexible\" response to canopy disturbance, regenerating established populations in the forest primarily through vegetative reproduction and producing greater stem density and aerial cover under disturbed canopies, but requiring significant or long-term canopy disruption to initiate increased sexual reproduction.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten years of tree seedling establishment and mortality in an Ohio deciduous forest complex","authors":"R. Boerner, J. Brinkman, J. Brinkman","doi":"10.2307/2996780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996780","url":null,"abstract":"BOERNER, R. E. J. AND J. A. BRINKMAN. (Department of Plant Biology, Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 U.S.A.) Ten years of tree seedling establishment and mortality in an Ohio deciduous forest complex. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 309-317. 1996.-This study quantified tree seedling establishment and mortality over a ten year period (1984-1993) in an Ohio deciduous forest complex which included upland beech-maple (Acer-Fagus) forest, lowland ash-elm (Fraxinus-Ulmus) forest, and young pin oak (Quercus palustris) forest. Annual establishment averaged 316 seedlings/100 m2, of which approximately 70% were ashes and 17% were maples. There were distinct peaks of ash and maple establishment in 1988 and 1990, and of elm establishment in 1986, 1988, and 1991. There were no significant correlations between ash or maple establishment and seasonal precipitation patterns whereas peaks of elm establishment correlated with drier-thanaverage springs. Ash seedlings were more abundant in lowland than upland plots, whereas the pattern for maple seedlings was the reverse. Maple seedlings were most abundant in canopy gaps, whereas ash seedlings were most abundant in wet depressions. Median longevity for most seedlings was 5-7 months, and >95% died within one year. Of the 2553 seedlings monitored, only two grew out of the seedling size class during this decade. In this site, deer browsing was more important than environmental gradients or climate factors in determining seedling longevity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68410667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}