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A comparative study of normal concrete with concrete which contained laterite instead of sand 普通混凝土与含红土代替砂土混凝土的对比研究
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90029-8
D. Adepegba
{"title":"A comparative study of normal concrete with concrete which contained laterite instead of sand","authors":"D. Adepegba","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90029-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90029-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reports the use of soft laterite as fine aggregate in structural concrete. The modulus of elasticity of <span><math><mtext>1:1</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>:3</mtext></math></span> by weight of concrete mix which contained soft laterite as fine aggregate was 1840 kg mm<sup>−2</sup> (2·62 × 10<sup>6</sup> lbf in<sup>−2</sup>) as compared with the modulus of elasticity of normal concrete mix of <span><math><mtext>1:2:4</mtext></math></span> of 2025 kg mm<sup>−2</sup> (2·88 × 10<sup>6</sup> lbf in<sup>−2</sup>), whilst the compressive strength was 2·47 kg mm<sup>−2</sup> (3525 lbf in<sup>−2</sup>) against 2·82 kg mm<sup>−2</sup> (4000 lbf in<sup>−2</sup>) for normal <span><math><mtext>1:2:4</mtext></math></span> mix.</p><p>The effect of exposure to high temperature of concrete which contained laterite is about the same as that for normal concrete for various mixes considered in the tests.</p><p>Two rectangular reinforced concrete beams were tested to pilot further investigations: one with normal concrete mix of <span><math><mtext>1:2:4</mtext></math></span> and the other with the concrete <span><math><mtext>1:1</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>:3</mtext></math></span> with soft laterite as fine aggregate instead of sand. The ultimate moments of resistance of the two beams are almost the same although the beam of normal concrete offers greater flexural rigidity throughout, and deflexions of the beam with <span><math><mtext>1:1</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>:3</mtext></math></span> mix with laterite fines deflected about twice as much as the normal concrete beam of <span><math><mtext>1:2:4</mtext></math></span> mix prior to the appearance of flexural cracks in both beams. The phenomenon still requires further investigation. The effect of creep on various types of structural elements cast with the concrete containing laterite fines instead of sand will need to be studied before concluding on suitability of the material for structural work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90029-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72382190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
The Mediaeval builder and his methods 中世纪的建筑师和他的建造方法
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90033-X
Malcolm S. Higgs
{"title":"The Mediaeval builder and his methods","authors":"Malcolm S. Higgs","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90033-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90033-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Page 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90033-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"99272939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Data for generative layout planning programs 生成布局规划程序的数据
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90024-9
D.J. Carter (Research Student) , B. Whitehead
{"title":"Data for generative layout planning programs","authors":"D.J. Carter (Research Student) ,&nbsp;B. Whitehead","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90024-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90024-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of computer programs for the layout planning of buildings requires some form of input data defining the relationships between activities. This data may be given on a derived rating scale (subjective data) or in terms of measured movement interchange (continuous data).</p><p>The collection of continuous data can be a time consuming and costly process. Experimental work using a generative (construction-type) layout planning program identifies the effects of varying the precision of continuous data and indicates that more approximate forms than those presently employed may yield acceptable layout solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90024-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91651833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Analysis of probability of failure of prestressed concrete beams 预应力混凝土梁破坏概率分析
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90032-8
P. Chandrasekar (Senior Research Fellow) , P. Dayaratnam (Professor)
{"title":"Analysis of probability of failure of prestressed concrete beams","authors":"P. Chandrasekar (Senior Research Fellow) ,&nbsp;P. Dayaratnam (Professor)","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90032-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90032-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paper presents prediction of probability of failure of prestressed concrete beams. Probable strengths of basic materials used in the beam are generated as random variables subject to code specifications and the probability of failure of the beam is obtained through explicit formulation. Probability of failure of beams designed by Indian code of practice and code of American Concrete Institute is illustrated through a set of examples. It is found that the probability of failure of a prestressed concrete beam is very sensitive to variation of steel and less sensitive to the variation in the strength of concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90032-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74947292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The effect of intermittent heating on surface temperatures in rooms 间歇性加热对室内表面温度的影响
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90027-4
D. Bloomfield
{"title":"The effect of intermittent heating on surface temperatures in rooms","authors":"D. Bloomfield","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90027-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90027-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"180 1","pages":"111-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83548592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Free vibrations of regular symmetrical shear wall buildings 规则对称剪力墙建筑的自由振动
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90028-6
A. Coull
{"title":"Free vibrations of regular symmetrical shear wall buildings","authors":"A. Coull","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90028-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90028-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80898561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The mean wind forces acting on a pair of square prisms 作用在一对方棱镜上的平均风力
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90026-2
B.E. Lee , G.R. Fowler
{"title":"The mean wind forces acting on a pair of square prisms","authors":"B.E. Lee ,&nbsp;G.R. Fowler","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90026-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90026-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relevant Code of Practice gives no guide to the designer which enables him to assess the mean loads in a situation where there are unusual wind effects caused by the proximity of large buildings. The results presented here are those of a project undertaken to investigate the interference effects of a pair of square prisms on their mean lift and drag. Tests have been performed with the bodies both normal to and in-line with the flow. In addition, the wall proximity effects on the mean lift and drag on a single prism have been measured.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 107-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90026-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91629198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Predicting the performance of soil-cement as a building material in tropical countries 预测水泥土在热带国家作为建筑材料的性能
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90031-6
R.J.S. Spence (Research Officer)
{"title":"Predicting the performance of soil-cement as a building material in tropical countries","authors":"R.J.S. Spence (Research Officer)","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90031-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90031-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because of the variability of natural soils, it is a difficult task to predict the performance of soil-cement blocks in practice, and a conservative approach must be adopted. Though time-consuming and severe, the A.S.T.M. durability test provides the best indication of the performance of soil-cement building under tropical conditions. Tests at low compaction energies on a wide variety o Zambian soils suggest, however, that the perdominant factor affecting durability is dry density. A correlation between these two properties may be used, with an appropriate margin of safety, to introduce great simplification into procedures or selecting soils for making soil-cement blocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90031-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91696666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Dynamic response of a building floor system 建筑物楼板系统的动力响应
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90030-4
C.P. Heins Jr. (Associate Professor) , C.H. Yoo (Visiting Assistant Professor)
{"title":"Dynamic response of a building floor system","authors":"C.P. Heins Jr. (Associate Professor) ,&nbsp;C.H. Yoo (Visiting Assistant Professor)","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90030-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90030-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dynamic response of a large building floor system, as induced by humans, has been experimentally evaluated. The human reaction to this response was related as an unsafe or unpleasant feeling. The subsequent dynamic analysis of the floor indicates that the natural frequency and induced frequency are of the same order, thus the reason for the resonance problem. The dynamic analysis, experimental study, static analysis and recommendations for eliminating the resonance problem is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90030-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77233664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The mean wind forces acting on a pair of square prisms 作用在一对方棱镜上的平均风力
Building Science Pub Date : 1975-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0007-3628(75)90026-2
B. Lee, G. R. Fowler
{"title":"The mean wind forces acting on a pair of square prisms","authors":"B. Lee, G. R. Fowler","doi":"10.1016/0007-3628(75)90026-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90026-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9442,"journal":{"name":"Building Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"107-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75039691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
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