International journal of innovative research in medical science最新文献

{"title":"Urolithiasis Management in Resource-Limited Settings: A Multicentric Retrospective Study in the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"PABLO DIANGIENDA, Dieudonné Molamba Moningo, Alain Ngoma, Mathieu Nkumu Loposso, Michel Daudon","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i03/1630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i03/1630","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Despite the increasing use of minimally invasive surgery techniques in the management of urolithiasis worldwide, resource-limited countries are still experiencing various challenges. This study aims to analyze different therapeutic modalities used in the treatment of urolithiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, records of 194 patients who presented with documented urolithiasis in 13 hospitals across 4 provinces from January 2010 through September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The different layers of stones were analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry. Results: Urolithiasis was symptomatic in 52.6% (n=194) of patients. Overall, 86.1% (i.e. 167 out of 194) of stones were removed by surgery, 9.8% spontaneously resolved; 3.1% were extracted after ureteroscopy and 1% of patients had undergone extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Lumbotomy was the most used route (45.2% of cases) in conventional surgery. Conclusion: Most patients in this study were treated by conventional surgery. These results suggest the need to increase the use of minimally invasive surgery.","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135130745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence For Cannabidiol Modulation of Serotonergic Transmission in a Model of Osteoarthritis via <i>in vivo</i> PET Imaging and Behavioral Assessment.","authors":"Yu-Shin Ding, Jiacheng Wang, Vinay Kumar, James Ciaccio, Sami Dakhel, Cathy Tan, Jonathan Kim, Sabrina Lee, Hilla Katz-Lichtenstein, Zakia Gironda, Orin Mishkit, Jakub Mroz, Raul Jackson, Grace Yoon, Begona Gamallo-Lana, Molly Klores, Adam Mar","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol07-i06/1418","DOIUrl":"10.23958/ijirms/vol07-i06/1418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preclinical studies indicate that cannabidiol (CBD), the primary nonaddictive component of cannabis, has a wide range of reported pharmacological effects such as analgesic and anxiolytic actions; however, the exact mechanisms of action for these effects have not been examined in chronic osteoarthritis (OA). Similar to other chronic pain syndromes, OA pain can have a significant affective component characterized by mood changes. Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter implicated in pain, depression, and anxiety. Pain is often in comorbidity with mood and anxiety disorders in patients with OA. Since primary actions of CBD are analgesic and anxiolytic, in this first <i>in vivo</i> positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study, we investigate the interaction of CBD with serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor via a combination of <i>in vivo</i> neuroimaging and behavioral studies in a well-validated OA animal model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The first aim of this study was to evaluate the target involvement, including the evaluation of modulation by acute administration of CBD, or a specific target antagonist/agonist intervention, in control animals. The brain 5-HT_1A activity/availability was assessed via <i>in vivo</i> dynamic PET imaging (up to 60 min) using a selective 5-HT_1A radioligand ([¹⁸F]MeFWAY). Tracer bindings of 17 ROIs were evaluated based on averaged SUVR values over the last 10 min using CB as the reference region. We subsequently examined the neurochemical and behavioral alterations in OA animals (induction with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection), as compared to control animals, via neuroimaging and behavioral assessment. Further, we examined the effects of repeated low-dose CBD treatment on mechanical allodynia (von Frey tests) and anxiety-like (light/dark box tests, L/D), depressive-like (forced swim tests, FST) behaviors in OA animals, as compared to after vehicle treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tracer binding was significantly reduced in control animals after an acute dose of CBD administered intravenously (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.), as compared to that for baseline. This binding specificity to 5-HT_1A was further confirmed by a similar reduction of tracer binding when a specific 5-HT_1A antagonist WAY1006235 was used (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.). Mice subjected to the MIA-induced OA for 13-20 days showed a decreased 5-HT_1A tracer binding (25% to 41%), consistent with the notion that 5-HT_1A plays a role in the modulation of pain in OA. Repeated treatment with CBD administered subcutaneously (5 mg/kg/day, s.c., for 16 days after OA induction) increased 5-HT_1A tracer binding, while no significant improvement was observed after vehicle. A trend of increased anxiety or depressive-like behavior in the light/dark box or forced swim tests after OA induction, and a decrease in those behaviors after repeated low-dose C","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":"7 6","pages":"254-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10576525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}