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Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry最新文献

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Ion-Neutralization Spectroscopy. 离子中和光谱学。
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1970-05-01 DOI: 10.1116/1.1315830
H. D. Hagstrum
{"title":"Ion-Neutralization Spectroscopy.","authors":"H. D. Hagstrum","doi":"10.1116/1.1315830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1315830","url":null,"abstract":"The ion-neutralization spectroscopy (INS) is discussed in comparison with other spectroscopies of solids. It is shown that INS probes the local density of states of the solid at or just outside the solid surface. It is believed that this accounts for the clear-cut differences between INS results and those of other spectroscopies. Because of its unique specificity to the surface region INS is particularly useful in studying the surface electronic structures of atomically clean surfaces and of surfaces having ordered arrays of known atoms adsorbed upon them. In the latter case INS determines a portion of the molecular orbital spectrum of surface molecules formed from the adsorbed foreign atom and surface atoms of the bulk crystal. Such spectra provide information on local bonding symmetry and structure and electrical charging within the surface molecule which is as yet unavailable by any other method. INS is the first attempt to base a spectroscopy of electronic states on a two-electron process. More recent work on experimental and mathematical problems which such a spectroscopy entails are also briefly mentioned in this paper.","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84677586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Periodic Acid, a Novel Oxidant of Polycyclic, Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 多环芳烃的新型氧化剂周期酸。
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1968-07-01 DOI: 10.1039/C19670001087
A. Fatiadi
{"title":"Periodic Acid, a Novel Oxidant of Polycyclic, Aromatic Hydrocarbons.","authors":"A. Fatiadi","doi":"10.1039/C19670001087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/C19670001087","url":null,"abstract":"Certain polycyclic, aromatic hydrocarbons can be oxidized with periodic acid in aprotic solvents containing a small proportion of water. A unique, two-fold character of response to periodic acid by these hydrocarbons has been found: (1) production of a coupling reaction through a radical intermediate [conversion of pyrene into 1,1'-bipyrene, and fluorene into 1,2-bis(2,2'-biphenylylene)ethylene] or (2) conversion into quinones by a two-equivalent oxidation mechanism that does not involve a radical intermediate [acenaphthene, anthracene, anthrone, benz[a]anthracene, naphthacene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene]. Little or no reaction was observed when oxidation was attempted with sodium metaperiodate instead of periodic acid. Electron-spin resonance revealed no radical intermediate in the oxidation of malonic acid with either periodic acid or sodium periodate.","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90835969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Buffer Solutions of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate and Sodium Succinate at 25 °C. 25 °C 下的磷酸二氢钾和琥珀酸钠缓冲溶液。
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1963-11-01 Epub Date: 1963-12-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.067A.055
Maya Paabo, Roger G Bates, Robert A Robinson
{"title":"Buffer Solutions of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate and Sodium Succinate at 25 °C.","authors":"Maya Paabo, Roger G Bates, Robert A Robinson","doi":"10.6028/jres.067A.055","DOIUrl":"10.6028/jres.067A.055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A buffer mixture consisting of equal molalities (<i>m</i>) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium succinate is proposed as a useful reference point in the study of acid-base equilibria, bridging the present gap between <i>p</i>H 5.5 and <i>p</i>H 6.8. The <i>p</i>(a<sub>H</sub> <i>γ</i> <sub>Cl</sub>) at 25 °C has been determined by electromotive-force measurements for five buffer solutions in which <i>m</i> varied from 0.005 to 0.025. The conventional <i>pa</i> <sub>H</sub> of each solution has been derived and found to be in good agreement with that calculated from existing data for the two equilibria concerned. The <i>pa</i> <sub>H</sub> varies from 6.251 at <i>m</i>=0.005 to 6.109 at <i>m</i>= 0.025. The buffer mixture has been used successfully for the determination of the dissociation constants of 2-nitro-4-chlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol.</p>","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5322773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80502412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tritium-Labeled Compounds IX. Determination of Isotope Effects in Reactions Yielding Water-t from Nonvolatile Reactants. Oxidation of Aldoses-1-t With Iodine. 氚标记化合物 IX.测定非挥发性反应物在生成水-t 反应中的同位素效应。碘氧化醛-1-t。
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1963-11-01 Epub Date: 1963-12-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.067A.054
Horace S Isbell, Lorna T Sniegoski
{"title":"Tritium-Labeled Compounds IX. Determination of Isotope Effects in Reactions Yielding Water-<i>t</i> from Nonvolatile Reactants. Oxidation of Aldoses-<i>1</i>-<i>t</i> With Iodine.","authors":"Horace S Isbell, Lorna T Sniegoski","doi":"10.6028/jres.067A.054","DOIUrl":"10.6028/jres.067A.054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A convenient method is presented for estimating isotope effects in reactions which yield water-<i>t</i>. The water-<i>t</i> is separated by freeze-drying, and <i>k*/k</i> is calculated from the extent of the reaction and the ratio of the radioactivity of the water-<i>t</i> to that of the initial reactant. Application of the method to the oxidation of aldoses-1-<i>t</i> at 25 °C with iodine in alkaline solution gives values for <i>k*/k</i> ranging from 0.12 to 0.17, with an average of 0.14. There are no significant differences in the values of <i>k*/k</i> obtained for aldoses differing in configuration, or for pentoses and hexoses. The isotope effect corresponds to a ratio of one to seven for the respective rates of reaction of the labeled and unlabeled molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5322772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75636941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recalibration of the NBS Glass Standards of Spectral Transmittance1 NBS玻璃光谱透过率标准的再标定
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1963-11-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.067A.056
H. J. Keegan, J. C. Schleter, M. Belknap
{"title":"Recalibration of the NBS Glass Standards of Spectral Transmittance1","authors":"H. J. Keegan, J. C. Schleter, M. Belknap","doi":"10.6028/jres.067A.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.067A.056","url":null,"abstract":"In 1934, Gibson, Walker, and Brown developed sets of four colored glass filters to serve as working standards of spectral transmittance for checking the reliability of spectrophotometers. Several sets of these glasses were measured carefully and reserved and designated as future reference standards. Duplicate standards evaluated by comparison with the reference standards are available by purchase to the public. The current set of reference standards was established in the years 1945 to 1947, and one of these reference standards (selenium-red) was recalibrated in 1952. This paper reports a recalibration, made in 1961 and 1962, of all four glasses (selenium-red, carbon-yellow, copper-green, cobalt-blue) on three spectrophotometers (Cary 14, Beckman DU, König-Martens). Except for the cobalt-blue standard, the values of spectral transmittance found differ from those previously assigned by amounts differing at some wavelengths by as much as or slightly more than the uncertainties estimated for the present values, though not by amounts exceeding the combined uncertainties of the present and previous determinations. The indicated changes for these three standards are fairly regular, however, and support the view that the selenium-red and carbon-yellow standards are changing chiefly by formation of a reflectance-reducing film on the surfaces. The indicated rate of upward drift is slow, and suggests that it takes about 10 years for the drift to exceed the assigned uncertainity.","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84391777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Adsorption, Desorption, Resorption 吸附、解吸、再吸收
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1963-11-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.067A.061
W. V. Loebenstein
{"title":"Adsorption, Desorption, Resorption","authors":"W. V. Loebenstein","doi":"10.6028/jres.067A.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.067A.061","url":null,"abstract":"The complete characterization of batch adsorption from solution, desorption, and related phenomena have been interpreted in the light of a general equation. The forward and reverse adsorption-rate constants and the adsorptive capacity comprise the only parameters. Where adsorption alone is of importance and the desorption-rate constant can be neglected, a simplified form of the theory results in a special equation which may suffice for most adsorption purposes. In either case, the characteristic parameters are determinable from the data and serve as criteria for comparing similar systems. The theory has been confirmed by the data of various investigators taken from the literature. The parameters derived from column adsorption are in agreement with the corresponding batch-derived parameters. The limitations as well as the capabilities of the theory are presented; but even where deviations from the assumed model exist, the results are useful.","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83747743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Color Phenomena in Polymer Fracture. 聚合物断裂中的颜色现象
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1963-11-01 Epub Date: 1963-12-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.067A.062
Sanford B Newman, Irvin Wolock
{"title":"Color Phenomena in Polymer Fracture.","authors":"Sanford B Newman, Irvin Wolock","doi":"10.6028/jres.067A.062","DOIUrl":"10.6028/jres.067A.062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thin layers derived from the matrix are produced in the fracture plane of some polymers prior to ultimate failure. A certain amount of the evidence would indicate that these layers consist of an oriented array of molecules. Fracture isolates these molecular segments in a thin film with physical properties differing from that of the matrix in which they originated. These films produce interference phenomena which in some cases are useful in elucidating structure and origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5322780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80610623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Study of the Gas-Stabilized Arc as an Emission Source for the Measurement of Oscillator Strengths. Determination of Some Relative gf-Values for Fe I* 气体稳定电弧作为发射源测量振荡器强度的研究。铁中一些相对gf值的测定
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1963-11-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.067A.053
M. Margoshes, B. F. Scribner
{"title":"A Study of the Gas-Stabilized Arc as an Emission Source for the Measurement of Oscillator Strengths. Determination of Some Relative gf-Values for Fe I*","authors":"M. Margoshes, B. F. Scribner","doi":"10.6028/jres.067A.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.067A.053","url":null,"abstract":"A study has been made of the application of the gas-stabilized arc source to the determination of oscillator strengths in atomic spectra. In this source, a solution of salts of one or more elements may be injected and the elements excited directly in an arc plasma with steady emission of spectral intensities. The source can be taken to be characterized by local thermal equilibrium, but with a large radial temperature gradient. An experiment indicates that when two elements are introduced into the arc in a solution, the relative concentrations of the elements in the discharge are the same as in the solution within the probable experimental error. This experiment indicates one way that the arc may be used for the determination of absolute oscillator strengths. New measurements are reported of the gf-values of 105 lines of Fe I between 2900 and 4150 Å, and the new values are compared with the results of earlier measurements.","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77860908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Matrices of Spin-Orbit Interaction in the Electron Configurations np2 n′ p and np4 n′ p 电子构型np2 n ' p和np4 n ' p中自旋-轨道相互作用矩阵
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1963-11-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.067A.052
J. Tech
{"title":"Matrices of Spin-Orbit Interaction in the Electron Configurations np2 n′ p and np4 n′ p","authors":"J. Tech","doi":"10.6028/jres.067A.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.067A.052","url":null,"abstract":"The matrices of spin-orbit interaction in the p2 p and p4 p electron configurations have been calculated. The matrices have been checked by showing that their eigenvalues, calculated by use of an IBM 7090, agree with the correct eigenvalues known from the theory of jj-coupling. For the sake of completeness, the matrices of electrostatic interaction for these configurations are also given.","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80859537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Absolute Configuration and Chemical Topology 绝对构型和化学拓扑
Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry Pub Date : 1963-11-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.067A.058
S. J. Tauber
{"title":"Absolute Configuration and Chemical Topology","authors":"S. J. Tauber","doi":"10.6028/jres.067A.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.067A.058","url":null,"abstract":"The stereochemistry of catenanes, knotted molecules, and Borromean rings is discussed. An augmentation of the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog convention for designating absolute configuration is proposed. A convention is proposed for designating the absolute configuration of knotted molecules. A suggestion is made concerning the citing of the absolute configuration of molecularly dissymmetric diastereomers.","PeriodicalId":94340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84575290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
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