Experimental oncology最新文献

{"title":"Abstracts of the Conference «Assessment of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Covered in Experimental and Clinical Oncology Publications: Challenges and Opportunities», October 3-4, 2024, Kyiv, Ukraine.","authors":"","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.410","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ABSTRACTS OF THE CONFERENCE «ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN CANCER PATIENTS COVERED IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PUBLICATIONS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES», October 3-4 2024, Kyiv.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"410-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Landscape of Innovative Technologies in Optimizing the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients.","authors":"V Chekhun","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.281","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the era of the intensive development of post-genomic technologies, it is reasonable to review the modern strategy for solving the problems of cancer patients. The current trend of the new paradigm is based on the knowledge and possibilities of correcting molecular genetic processes based on the principles of precision medicine. The key role in implementing such an approach belongs to modern innovative technologies, among which omics technologies occupy a special place. The genesis of the symbiosis of medical-biological and cybernetic technologies aimed at processing information databases becomes the subject of learning the functioning of complex biological systems. Today, for the dynamic development of the implementation of precision medicine based on innovative technologies, it is worth concentrating the efforts on the deep consolidation of transdisciplinary approaches that can form an algorithm of a new market of medical services aimed at improving the quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"281-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Pathology as an Innovative Tool for Improving Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.","authors":"T Zadvornyi","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.289","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For more than a century, the \"gold\" standard for diagnosing malignant neoplasms has been pathohistology. However, the continuous advancement of modern technologies is leading to a radical transformation of this field and the emergence of digital pathology. The main advantages of digital pathology include the convenience of the data storage and transfer, as well as the potential for automating diagnostic processes through the application of artificial intelligence technologies. Integrating digital pathology into clinical practice is expected to accelerate the analysis of histological samples, reduce the costs associated with such procedures, and enable the accumulation of large datasets for future scientific research. At the same time, the development of digital pathology faces certain challenges such as the need for technical upgrades in laboratories, ensuring data cybersecurity, and training qualified personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"289-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Expression of MRPS18 Family Genes in Brain Tumor Samples.","authors":"L Kovalevska, S Kalman, A Sushnova, O Malysheva, V Rozumenko, T Malysheva, E Kashuba","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.368","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain tumors account for 2%-3% of all malignant neoplasms and 85%-90% of all primary tumors of the central nervous system with the 5-year survival rate of 35%. Additional biomarkers could help refine the molecular profile of brain tumors and prognosis of the disease.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study differential expression patterns of the MRPS18 family genes in tumor tissue and the peripheral blood of patients with brain tumors of various types.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The total RNA was isolated from blood and tumor tissue samples of 27 patients with brain tumors. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed. Also, immunohistochemical (IHC) studies of the MRPS18 family proteins were performed on deparaffinized tissue sections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MRPS18-1-3 genes were highly expressed at the mRNA level in tumor tissue and the peripheral blood of patients with brain tumors. All 3 genes showed different patterns of expression depending on the tumor type. The highest MRPS18-1 mRNA expression was detected in glioblastoma (GB) samples in both tumor samples and the peripheral blood. In general, MRPS18-1 expression was higher in G4 tumors, compared to G2. MRPS18-3 gene was expressed as higher levels in G2 samples and in embryonic tumors. MRPS18-2 was expressed in all studied samples, with no regard to the tumor grade or type. The MRPS18-2 IHC staining was detected at high levels in most brain tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MRPS18 family genes showed similar patterns of mRNA expression in tissue samples of brain tumors and peripheral blood of patients. The highest levels of MRPS18-1 mRNA were detected in GB samples, while the highest protein signal was detected for MRPS18-2 in almost all brain tumor samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"368-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Next-Generation Sequencing to Realize Principles of Precision Therapy in Management of Cancer Patients.","authors":"N Khranovska, O Gorbach, O Skachkova, G Klimnyuk","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.295","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All cancers are diseases of the genome, since the cancer cell genome typically consists of 10,000s of passenger alterations, 5-10 biologically relevant alterations, and 1-2 \"actionable\" alterations. Therefore, somatic mutations in cancer cells can have diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value. Traditional methods are widely used for testing, such as immunohistochemistry, Sanger sequencing, and allele-specific PCR. However, due to the low throughput, these methods are focused exclusively on testing the most common mutations in target genes. The modern next generation sequencing (NGS) is a technology that enables precision oncology in its current form. ESCAT and ESMO Guidelines defined NGS for routine use in patients with advanced cancers such as non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma. The high sensitivity of the NGS method allows it to be used to search for specific mutations in circulating tumor DNA in blood plasma and other body fluids. NGS testing has evolved from hotspot panels, actionable gene panels, and disease-specific panels to more comprehensive panels. The exome and whole genome sequencing approaches are just beginning to emerge, that is why panel-based testing remains most optimal in oncology practice. NGS is also widely used to identify new and rare mutations in cancer genes and detect inherited cancer mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"295-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: Challenges and Opportunities.","authors":"V Chekhun","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.279","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the \"golden\" autumn and traditional \"parade\" of scientific forums in Kyiv, despite the current challenges caused by the ongoing military aggression, on October 3-4, 2024, at the initiative of R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, the SI \"S.P. Grigoriev Institute of Medical Radiology and Oncology\" of the NAMS of Ukraine, and the PO \"Ukrainian Society of Cancer Researchers\", a scientific and practical conference with international participation \"Assessment of Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Covered in Experimental and Clinical Oncology Publications: Challenges and Opportunities\" was held. In these extremely difficult times for our state and the world order as a whole, scientists, clinical oncologists, patients' organizations, and leading experts in the fields of demography, legislation, economics, and law gathered with the hope of initiating the development of a joint model for reducing human suffering.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"279-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mast Cells as a Factor in Regulation of Breast Cancer Stromal Component Associated with Breast Cancer Aggressiveness.","authors":"O Mushii, A Pavlova, V Bazas, T Borikun, N Lukianova","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.311","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It has been proven that changes in the morphology, representation, and organization of collagen fibers contribute to the formation of a unique microenvironment, which is associated with the metastatic potential of malignant neoplasms due to the initiation of cell migration and changes in polarization. Among the modulators of the collagen stroma, fibroblasts remain the most widely studied today. At the same time, much less attention is focused on the study of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, in particular, mast cells (MCs).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the relationship between the MCs status and the features of the collagen matrix of breast cancer (BCa).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted on the postoperative material of 78 patients with BCa stage I-II. MCs were assessed by a histochemical method using toluidine blue. For estimation of the functional activity of MCs, a degranulation index was calculated. COL1A1, COL3A1, and MMP-9 expression in tumor tissue was assessed immunohistochemically. A visualization of collagen fibers was performed using the staining by Malory. Microphotographs were pre-processed in Adobe Photoshop SS 2019 and analyzed using the software packages CurveAlign v. 4.0 and ImageJ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumor tissue with a high density and functional activity of MCs was characterized by an increased expression of COL1A1 (p < 0.05), COL3A1 (p < 0.05), and MMP-9 (p < 0.05). In BCa tissue with the lower MCs degranulation index, collagen fibers become thicker (p < 0.05), shorter (p < 0.05), and denser (p < 0.05). At the same time, the existence of a relationship between the levels of miR-155-5p and the expression of COL1A1 (r = 0.703, p = 0.009), COL3A1 (r = 0.603, p = 0.043), and MMP-9 in tumor cells (r = 0.562, p = 0.039) and in the stroma (r = 0.546, p = 0.038), as well as the associations of the levels of this miRNA with the fiber length (r = -0.632, p = 0.013), width (r = -0.522, p = 0.048), and density (r = 0.699, p = 0.014) were found. Significantly higher rates of miR-155-5p expression (p < 0.05) were recorded in BCa tissue with a high index of MCs degranulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the BCa progression, the role of MCs in the manifestation of the tumor development increases. A growing number of infiltrated MCs contributes to the activation of MMP and fibrillar collagen expression. These changes lead to increased remodeling of the tumor stroma, which is directly reflected in the spatial organization of the collagen matrix. The increased activity of proteases causes a decrease in the length and width of fibrils, which is explained by a decrease in the number of mature fibers and their disorganization in three-dimensional space. The obtained data allow us to assert that MCs play a key role not only in the formation of a specific immune microenvironment of BCa but also in determining the direction of change","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"311-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vital Measurement of Population Quality of Life.","authors":"Е Libanova, О Gladun","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.305","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quality of life (QoL) of the population determines the economic and social (including demographic) behavior of the population. It is a complex concept that has its objective and subjective dimensions. Components of the objective measurement are the individual income of the population and the income of the state. The level of the development of an individual can be determined by the level of education (or the number of years of education). The overall indicator of the country's development is the life expectancy of its citizens.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate at the state level the interrelationship and interdependence of such characteristics of the QoL as the level of income, education, and life expectancy. Information Base and Methods. As an information base, we used the data from international organizations (the United Nations, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine) and the specialized database on mortality (Human Mortality Database) and applied general scientific and statistical research methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relationship between life expectancy at birth and the duration of education and domestic national income was established based on the analysis of the data of 2022 for 193 countries. The conditionality of cancer mortality from the QoL was identified. Three groups of European countries different in terms of both the QoL and the level of cancer mortality were distinguished. In these groups, the specifics of the distribution of cancer-related mortality by gender and age was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the study evidence that the mortality rate of the population depends on the quality of its life, in particular, well-being and education. The increase in well-being is reflected in the increase in the specific part of those who died from cancer. However, these deaths will peak later, ultimately contributing to population growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"305-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of miRNAs in the Presence of HPV Infection in Cervical Dysplasia Samples: A Pilot Study.","authors":"A Svintsitska, N Lygyrda, V Svintsitskyi, T Borikun, N Lukianova","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.387","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is a major health concern, with human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection being a key risk factor. However, not all HPV-infected individuals develop cancer, suggesting the additional factors may be involved. This study aims to evaluate the differences in the miR-155 and -205 expression in cervical tissue with dysplasia depending on the presence of HPV and confirmed cancer diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The expression of miR-155 and -205 in 30 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary cervical tissue biopsy samples was evaluated using RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression levels of miRNA-155 and -205 in cervical dysplasia samples without malignant transformation was lower than these in carcinoma in situ tissues (0.74 ± 0.21 and 1.65 ± 0.42 vs. 1.37 ± 0.18 and 2.35 ± 0.32, respectively). In carcinoma in situ cases, we found higher levels of miRNA-155 and -205 (1.6 and 1.38 times, respectively) in CIN-3/ HSIL samples compared to CIN-2/HSIL samples. The expression of both miRNAs tended to increase in HPV-positive cases and in the presence of malignant transformation compared to HPV-negative dysplasia and dysplasia without signs of malignant transformation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The obtained data indicate a potential relationship between the presence of HPV infection and the expression profile of miRNA-155 and -205.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"387-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Loaded With Lysates of Cancer Cells Exposed to Cytotoxic Peptides.","authors":"N Khranovska, O Skachkova, O Gorbach, I Semchuk, D Shymon, O Ripa, O Lutsii, Yu Shvets, K Horbatok, S Afonin, I Komarov","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.375","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study is based on the idea of using tumor cell membrane lysis induced by diarylethene-containing analog of cytotoxic peptides (CPs) - gramicidin S to create a new approach for obtaining dendritic cells (DCs)-based anticancer vaccine. It is supposed that cancer cells undergoing immunogenic cell death release the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and thus enhance immunogenic maturation and activation of DCs. The aim of this study is to analyze the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the generated monocyte-derived DCs loaded with CPs-treated lysates of tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The triple-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was used in the study. DCs were generated from peripheral blood monocytes using a recombinant human granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Tumor cells were treated with LMB033 CPs containing a diarylethene fragment (photoswitch) in two ring forms - \"closed\" with low activity and toxicity and \"open\" with high activity. The obtained lysates of tumor cells were co-incubated with human monocyte-derived DCs. The analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of DCs was performed by a flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to CD83, CD86, CD11c, HLA-DR, and HLA-ABC. The expression level of mRNA of cytokine genes and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene was determined using the quantitative real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231 cells was detected after 6-h incubation with the open form of LMB033 at concentrations of 16 and 32 μM. The studied CPs even at the lower of the tested concentrations caused externalization of phosphatidylserine in almost 100% of apoptotic cells of MB-MDA-231 cells following 6-h incubation. Loading monocyte-derived DCs with lysate of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with LMB033 peptide in open or closed forms caused a different effect on the antigen-presenting properties of cells depending on the form of the peptide. Compared to DCs loaded with untreated lysate, a significant increase in the number of mature activated CD83+ DCs was found after loading with lysates of cells treated with open (16 μM) or closed (32 μM) forms of LMB033. CPs-induced lysates of MDA-MB-231 cells did not cause significant changes in the expression of mRNA of Th1 polarizing cytokines TNF-α, IL-12, neither did these lysates activate the transcription of the genes of immunosuppressive cytokines and IL-10, TGF-β, and the IDO gene. This indicates the absence of the activation of the immunosuppressive properties of the generated DCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented data open the prospects for developing an effective antitumor immunotherapeutic vaccine based on DCs using CPs LMB033.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"46 4","pages":"375-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}