Current Alzheimer research最新文献

{"title":"Research Progress on the Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Strategies, and Phthalocyanine Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Ruochen Wang, Xiao Yang","doi":"10.2174/0115672050406141250822082635","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050406141250822082635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a formidable and complex neurodegenerative disorder driven by multifactorial interactions, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation etc. Current therapies mainly consist of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, which can alleviate symptoms but fail to reverse disease progression. In recent years, emerging approaches such as immunotherapy and gene therapy have shown potential but remain in clinical exploration. Phthalocyanine (Pc) compounds, with their ability to inhibit Aβ fibril formation, favorable biocompatibility, and optical properties, have demonstrated potential in AD diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses the pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies, and research progress of Pc compounds in AD. Furthermore, the elucidation of their mechanisms of action, the optimization of blood-brain barrier penetration, and the promotion of clinical translation are needed to provide new directions for AD therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"299-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality Among Alzheimer Patients in Older Adults Across the USA: A CDC Wonder Analysis.","authors":"Rameez Qasim, Zuha Tariq, Sophia Ahmed, Mubashir Raza, Iqra Khan, Rubab Zahra, Ahmad Noor, Bushra Jabeen Mehdi","doi":"10.2174/0115672050429545260402050204","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050429545260402050204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting more than 55 million individuals worldwide. Cerebrovascular Disease (CeVD) has been shown to co-exist with AD. This study aimed to shed light on this mortality trend to make a positive difference in improving patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database using CeVD as the underlying cause of death, and AD as a multiple cause of death, from 1999 to 2020 for older adults (≥ 65 years). The Age- Adjusted Mortality Rates (AAMRs) were calculated per 100,000 individuals, and trends were assessed using Joinpoint as the Average Annual Percentage Changes (AAPCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 64,749 deaths were reported. The overall AAMR declined from 10.21 (1999) to 5.28 (2020). Females had higher AAMRs than males (7.75 vs. 5.59). Non-Hispanic White individuals had the highest AAMR (7.26), while the West region (8.57) and non-metropolitan areas (9.14) showed elevated rates. Vermont (11.81) and Washington (11.56) exhibited the highest death rates, in contrast to Nevada (3.08) and New York (3.25). Most deaths occurred in nursing homes, followed by medical facilities.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Mortality declined overall, attributed to advancements in healthcare and prevention, but significant disparities persist among women, non-Hispanic White populations, western, and rural regions. Limitations include potential death certificate misclassification. Future studies should further evaluate targeted interventions, such as community-tailored interventions, to enhance equity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These trends showed significant spatiotemporal and demographic variation. Targeted interventions are required to mitigate fatalities, particularly in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"367-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Lithium Chloride Improves Electrophysiological and Memory Deficits in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Zheng Xing, Xiaolian Jiang, Wenhao Yang, Yuhui Wang, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Chen Zhao","doi":"10.2174/1567205023999260119152707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205023999260119152707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the published version of this article [1], the email address of the co-corresponding author, Zheng Xing, was missing from the corresponding address section. This has now been corrected. The original article can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/149786 Details of the error and the correction are provided below: Original: Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213004, P.R. China; E-mail: zhaochen3339@njmu.edu.cn (C.Z.); Corrected: Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213004, P.R. China; E-mails: zhaochen3339@njmu.edu.cn (C.Z.); xingzheng@cczu.edu.cn (Z.X.).</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":"23 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Status of People with Dementia and its Relation to the Performance in Touch and Tangible Tasks.","authors":"Marco Esquer-Rochin, Luis-Felipe Rodriguez, J Octavio Gutierrez-Garcia","doi":"10.2174/0115672050426574251114053819","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050426574251114053819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research explores the relationship between the cognitive status of people with dementia (PwD) and their performance in complex, domain-specific interaction tasks. However, these activities and their sophisticated instructions are challenging for PwD, potentially biasing performance metrics. This study aims to answer whether the cognitive status of PwD is related to their performance in simple touch and tangible tasks disassociated from a domain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 7 formal caregivers and data from 21 PwD corresponding to completion times of interaction tasks. Relationships between completion times and the cognitive status of PwD were explored using Spearman's rank correlation, mutual information, gini importance, permutation importance, and a principal component analysis (PCA) visualization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Completion times of drag & drop, grasp, and tap interaction tasks have a strong negative monotonic association with the MMSE score (Bonferroni-corrected p-value < 0.05). The most relevant gestures were drag & drop, tap, and grasp. The PCA visualization allowed formal caregivers to detect relationships between patients' performance and their MMSE scores (p-value < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The cognitive status of PwD is related to their performance in simple interaction tasks disassociated from a domain. As the MMSE score decreases, task completion times increase. In addition, the PCA visualization was considered useful to inform decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work provides the foundation for technology-enhanced cognitive activities supported by touch and tangible gestures that can be used to determine the cognitive status of PwD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"61-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Microglial Cells and Cytokine Modulation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Neuroinflammatory Perspective.","authors":"Vatan Chaudhary, Atul Pratap Singh, Himanchal Sharma, Dhananjay Taumar","doi":"10.2174/0115672050412711251115023127","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050412711251115023127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormalities in protein metabolism leading to the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (hyperphosphorylated tau protein). While these pathological constructs have held significant attention for decades, emerging evidence highlights the understanding of neuroinflammation (notably involving microglia, and cytokine signaling) as a critical initial event with respect to the inception and progression of AD. This review discusses the dynamic and dualistic effects of immune response in AD based on the relationship between neuroinflammatory processes and classical neuropathological characteristics. Microglia are ubiquitous immune cells in the central nervous system responsible for maintaining homeostasis as the brain's \"housekeepers\" by removing cellular debris, pruning synapses, and monitoring cell interactions. However, microglia in AD function produce a chronically activated phenotype that elicits neurotoxicity, impairs synaptic functioning, and is are protracted source of neuroinflammation. The appearance of disease-associated microglia (DAM) may illustrate complexities of TREM2 signaling for the anabolism of Aβ clearance and the modulation of inflammatory systems. Cytokine imbalance - higher expression of pro-inflammatory (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) and lower expression of antiinflammatory (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β) - adds to a self-perpetuating inflammatory loop that exacerbates Aβ and tau pathology, brain-blood barrier permeability, and peripheral-CNS immune communications. The mechanisms of an inflammatory event may drive brain tau hyperphosphorylation, tau propagation, along with other pathophysiological neurodegenerative features of traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease. While examples of therapies targeting microglia and their cytokine activity are actively being explored, clinical efforts have been mixed. Neuroimaging development (e.g., TSPO-PET), cytokine collection and compositional approaches, and application of single-cell transcriptomics are providing new ways of thinking about complex neuroimmunology. Exploring, informing, and defining the timing, context, and variations of neuroinflammatory responses will be ultimately needed to create effective, targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"109-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthocyanidins Intake is Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Americans over 60 Years of Age: Data from NHANES 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018.","authors":"Yan Chen, Jingyi Zhao, Chen Li, Yinhui Yao, Yazhen Shang","doi":"10.2174/0115672050372100250512054404","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050372100250512054404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>At present, there is limited research on the association between dietary intake of anthocyanidins and Alzheimer's disease (AD). More epidemiological studies are needed to better understand this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored the relationship between dietary Anthocyanidins intake and AD among 3806 American adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the United States Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) from 2007 to 2010, and 2017 to 2018. We use weighted logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analysis to analyze the relationship between anthocyanidins monomer and AD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted logistic regression model showed that the total intake of anthocyanidins was the fourth (OR:0.979; 95% CI: 0.966-0.992) quantile (relative to the lowest quantile) is related to the reduction of AD risk. RCS analysis showed that the total intake of anthocyanidins was negatively linearly correlated with AD (nonlinear P value was 0.002). The WQS regression analysis shows that cyanidin and malvidin are the main contributors to the comprehensive effects of six anthocyanidins.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings indicate that higher dietary anthocyanin intake may reduce the risk of AD and alleviate neurodegenerative processes. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Future studies should confirm these associations and investigate the relevant biological pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show that a higher dietary intake of anthocyanidins is associated with a lower risk of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"175-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review of Advances in Animal Research and Clinical Applications.","authors":"Brandon Edelbach, Lei Huang, Warren Boling","doi":"10.2174/0115672050373772251103053036","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050373772251103053036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has been approved by the FDA as a treatment for epilepsy, depression, post-ischemic stroke rehabilitation, and migraine in patients. It is emerging as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we summarize the research on VNS and its application in common neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was completed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the terms: \"neurodegeneration,\" \"neuromodulation,\" \"Vagus Nerve Stimulation,\" \"Parkinson's Disease (PD),\" \"Alzheimer's Disease (AD),\" \"dementia,\" \"neuroinflammation,\" and \"cognitive dysfunction.\" Animal and clinical studies using VNS as a primary intervention in neurodegenerative diseases were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The studies of VNS application in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's models were reviewed. In animal studies, VNS was associated with increased locomotion and balance, as well as reduced cognitive impairments. The underlying neuroprotective mechanisms included: increased dopaminergic neurons, reduced α-synuclein concentration in the brain, preservation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, increased α7nAChR expression, reduced apoptotic markers, reduced neuroinflammation, and significant reductions in microglial and astrocytic densities. In clinical studies with small patient populations of PD or AD/mild cognitive impairment, VNS was associated with improved gait parameters and enhanced performance in memory-based tasks.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) shows neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, but clinical results remain inconsistent due to variability in treatment duration, outcome measures, and reliance on subjective assessments. Emerging physiologic biomarkers such as VSEP, EEG, and magnetoencephalography may provide more objective measures of therapeutic response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The systematic review highlights the potential of VNS as a therapeutic approach for managing neurodegenerative diseases. The efficacy of VNS in animal models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases involves both neuroprotection and anti-neuroinflammation, while additional protective mechanisms require further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"270-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Effects Between Neurodegenerative Diseases, Metabolites, and Brain Volume.","authors":"Hengjian Liu, Sarah Hescham, Hans Clusmann, Yasin Temel, Dennis van der Meer","doi":"10.2174/0115672050413060251107021634","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050413060251107021634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy dody dementia (LBD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are linked to changes in brain volume. However, causal evidence on how these diseases affect brain volume and whether metabolites mediate these causal effects remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied mediation Mendelian randomization analysis using GWAS summary statistics. The inverse variance-weighted method was used to assess causal effects and identify potential metabolite mediators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MR analyses indicated that bilateral thalamus and putamen volumes (FDR < 0.05) had causal effects on PD. AD and LBD showed causal effects on bilateral thalamus and hippocampus (FDR < 0.01), with LBD specifically showing a causal effect on bilateral putamen (FDR < 0.05). Mediation analyses revealed that AD had a genetically predicted association with Nervonoy- L-carnitine and 1-linoleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (p-value = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, Nervonoy-L-carnitine was suggestively negatively associated with hippocampus volume (p-value = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). 1-linoleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC exhibited a negative genetically predicted association with hippocampus volume (p-value < 0.05). Additionally, LBD showed a negative genetically predicted association on the ratio of retinol to linoleoyl-arachidonoyl- glycerol (p-value = 0.02), and a positive genetically predicted association on Nervonoy-L-- carnitine (p-value < 0.05) and 1-linoleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (p-value = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results suggest that AD and LBD affect brain regions through causal pathways. The involvement of specific metabolites highlights potential mechanisms linking neurodegeneration to brain volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nervonoylcarnitine and 1-linoleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC may mediate the predicted effects of AD and LBD on hippocampal volumes, while the ratio of retinol to linoleoyl-arachidonoyl- glycerol mediates only LBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"283-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Thomas van Groen","doi":"10.2174/0115672050468468260128100916","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050468468260128100916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146230429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Quality of Life in Dementia through Tailored Interventions: A Systematic Review from Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Roaa Khallaf, Alia Alokley, Nojoud Hli, Hamid Khan, Mubin Mustafa Kiyani, Fawaz Al-Hussain, Shahid Bashir","doi":"10.2174/0115672050390186251112165754","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050390186251112165754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Quality of life (QoL) in dementia care can be enhanced through nonpharmacological interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions across demographic groups in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search identified 11 studies assessing sensory stimulation, mindful walking, functional independence, caregiver support, and public awareness interventions. Data were extracted on study design, population, and outcome measures. Three outcome studies were narratively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sensory stimulation interventions (n = 62) showed the strongest behavioral improvements, with a large effect size (Hedges' g = -2.03). Data from other studies were insufficient for quantitative pooling, and no formal meta-regression or heterogeneity analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings suggest that behavioral and psychological interventions tailored to older adults yield the most significant QoL benefits. Caregiver support and awareness programs offer important supplementary benefits, although limited data restrict broader generalizations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly those targeting behavioral and psychological outcomes, improve QoL in dementia care. However, further high-quality studies with comprehensive outcome reporting are needed to strengthen the evidence base and guide populationspecific strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"138-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}