Actas urologicas espanolas最新文献

Long term outcomes from uncorrected hypospadias: a scoping review. 尿道下裂未矫正的长期后果：范围界定综述。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.10.004

E Bohane, M Murphy, F Chierigo, G Mantica, J Adamowicz, F Campos-Juanatey, A Cocci, M Frankiewicz, C M Rosenbaum, W Verla, M Waterloos, Ł Białek, F X Madec, M Oszczudłowski, M W Vetterlein, E J Redmond

{"title":"Long term outcomes from uncorrected hypospadias: a scoping review.","authors":"E Bohane, M Murphy, F Chierigo, G Mantica, J Adamowicz, F Campos-Juanatey, A Cocci, M Frankiewicz, C M Rosenbaum, W Verla, M Waterloos, Ł Białek, F X Madec, M Oszczudłowski, M W Vetterlein, E J Redmond","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The goal of hypospadias repair is to optimize urinary and sexual function, improve cosmesis and minimise the psychosocial effects associated with a penile anomaly. However, a lack of clarity exists regarding the role of surgery in milder hypospadias where the anomaly is inconspicuous and there is no anticipated impact on function. The aim of this study was to review the long term functional, cosmetic and psychosocial outcomes in men with uncorrected hypospadias. This information may be helpful for parents who are burdened with deciding the correct treatment for their child's hypospadias.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review of PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL + databases was performed in adherence with PRISMA guidelines. Eight studies were identified for inclusion in the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men with mild uncorrected hypospadias have similar functional outcomes to those without hypospadias, preferring to void standing and reporting similar IPSS scores. However, those with severe untreated hypospadias experience significant urinary difficulties, higher IPSS scores, and are more likely to sit when voiding. They reported worse SHIM scores, more ventral curvature, and greater difficulty with intercourse. Most men with incidentally identified hypospadias are unaware of their condition and are satisfied with their penile appearance. There was no difference in the attainment of psychosocial milestones between men with uncorrected hypospadias versus no hypospadias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a lack of research regarding the experiences of adult men with uncorrected hypospadias. However, there is some evidence to support the non-operative management of mild hypospadias. Therefore, the decision to defer surgery in infancy should balance parental wishes and physician guidance, particularly in cases where the risk of functional impairment is low.</p>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cosmetic complications after anterior urethral surgery: a scoping review and photo collection. 前尿道手术后的美容并发症：范围综述和图片集。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.12.002

F Chierigo, G Mantica, G Drocchi, F X Madec, W Verla, Ł Białek, J Adamowicz, A Cocci, M Frankiewicz, J Klemm, P Neuville, M Oszczudłowski, E J Redmond, C M Rosenbaum, M Waterloos, M W Vetterlein, F Campos-Juanatey

{"title":"Cosmetic complications after anterior urethral surgery: a scoping review and photo collection.","authors":"F Chierigo, G Mantica, G Drocchi, F X Madec, W Verla, Ł Białek, J Adamowicz, A Cocci, M Frankiewicz, J Klemm, P Neuville, M Oszczudłowski, E J Redmond, C M Rosenbaum, M Waterloos, M W Vetterlein, F Campos-Juanatey","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anterior urethroplasty is the gold standard for treating complex urethral strictures, primarily focusing on restoring urinary function. However, aesthetic complications, including penile curvature, scarring, and meatal deformities, can impact patient satisfaction, self-image, and quality of life. Despite their significance, cosmetic outcomes are underreported in the literature, affecting patient counseling and surgical planning.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aims to assess the prevalence, types, and contributing factors of cosmetic complications after anterior urethroplasty. A photographic collection of these complications is also presented to aid in clinical education.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed, including studies from 2000 onward that report cosmetic outcomes in male adult patients post-urethroplasty. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies focusing on pediatric cases, case reports with fewer than 10 patients, and those lacking specific cosmetic data were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 493 studies screened, 97 met the inclusion criteria, with only a minority (8 studies) explicitly discussing cosmetic complications. Reported issues varied widely, including penile curvature, skin tethering, hypertrophic scarring, meatal deformities, and penile shortening, underscoring the diversity of aesthetic challenges in urethral reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights the need for incorporating aesthetic considerations into surgical planning and patient counseling for anterior urethroplasty. Standardized metrics for evaluating cosmetic outcomes could improve patient satisfaction and the quality of care in urethral reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":" ","pages":"42-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History of urethral surgery: Lessons learnt from the past. 尿道手术的历史：从过去吸取的教训。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.12.003

F X Madec, P Neuville, F Chierigo, J Adamowicz, Ł Białek, A Cocci, M Frankiewicz, G Mantica, M Oszczudłowski, E J Redmond, C M Rosenbaum, W Verla, M Waterloos, F Campos-Juanatey, J Klemm, M Vetterlein

{"title":"History of urethral surgery: Lessons learnt from the past.","authors":"F X Madec, P Neuville, F Chierigo, J Adamowicz, Ł Białek, A Cocci, M Frankiewicz, G Mantica, M Oszczudłowski, E J Redmond, C M Rosenbaum, W Verla, M Waterloos, F Campos-Juanatey, J Klemm, M Vetterlein","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although failures are undesirable, they offer valuable learning opportunities that drive progress through necessary changes. This concept holds particularly true in the history of urethral reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, focusing on the history of the urethral stricture and current trends based on national and international guidelines for urethral stricture management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Urethral strictures are among the oldest known urological conditions, with initial treatments centred around dilatation. These palliative measures proved disappointing. The advent of reconstructive urology has transformed this pathology into a treatable condition, notably through Excision and Primary Anastomosis (EPA) and one-stage augmentation urethroplasty using buccal grafts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urethroplasty is the gold standard treatment for urethral strictures, and ongoing refinements aim to further reduce morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of changes in sexual function in patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for upper urinary tract lithiasis 评估接受内窥镜手术治疗上尿路结石患者的性功能变化。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.003

J. Tabares Jiménez, G. Bueno Serrano, M.P. Alcoba García, R. González López, B. Gómez Jordana, I. Mahillo Fernández, C. González Enguita

{"title":"Assessment of changes in sexual function in patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for upper urinary tract lithiasis","authors":"J. Tabares Jiménez, G. Bueno Serrano, M.P. Alcoba García, R. González López, B. Gómez Jordana, I. Mahillo Fernández, C. González Enguita","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of endoscopic surgery on sexual function in patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) lithiasis.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>We conducted an observational, prospective, longitudinal study with a single cohort of cases undergoing ureteroscopy (URS), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), or endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS). Patients' sexual response was assessed with questionnaires in the 30 days prior to surgery, and at one and three months after surgery. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-t) was used in male patients, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used in female patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventy patients – 34 men and 36 women – completed the study. Among men, the IIEF-t did not show significant difference between baseline scores (64.1 ± 7.50) and those obtained at 3 months (63.8 ± 9.51), with a non-significant decrease (p = 0.054) at the first month (61.4 ± 10.4). Subdomains did not worsen at 3 months, and desire (IIEF-SD) improved from 7.3 ± 1.9 to 8.0 ± 1.8. Among women, the FSFI-t did not change significantly after surgery: baseline score (27.3 ± 4.1), 1-month score (26.8 ± 3.7) and 3-month score (27.5 ± 4.2). No subdomain worsened at the third month.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Endoscopic surgery for UUT is a safe technique in both sexes with no negative effect on sexual function. There are no differences between the baseline IIEF-t and FSFI-t scores and those obtained at 3 months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":"48 10","pages":"Pages 688-694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consensus document on the implications of standardization of BCG supply in the management of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer 卡介苗供应标准化对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者治疗的影响共识文件。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.005

Ó. Rodríguez Faba , J.M. Fernández Gómez , F. Guerrero-Ramos , M. Álvarez-Maestro , M.J. Ledo Cepero , M. Unda Urzaiz , L. Martínez-Piñeiro , J.M. Cózar Olmo , J. Palou Redorta , J.L. Álvarez-Ossorio

{"title":"Consensus document on the implications of standardization of BCG supply in the management of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","authors":"Ó. Rodríguez Faba , J.M. Fernández Gómez , F. Guerrero-Ramos , M. Álvarez-Maestro , M.J. Ledo Cepero , M. Unda Urzaiz , L. Martínez-Piñeiro , J.M. Cózar Olmo , J. Palou Redorta , J.L. Álvarez-Ossorio","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in the intermediate and high-risk groups must receive adjuvant treatment with intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) following transurethral resection (TUR), as it reduces the risk of recurrence and presumably the risk of progression as well. Optimization of BCG efficacy is achieved by administering maintenance therapy. However, since many immunological aspects of the mechanism of action of BCG in the bladder remain unknown, the implementation of the optimal dose, number of instillations, strains and adequate maintenance regimen over the last decades has been heterogeneous. Additionally, this has hindered the interpretation of efficacy in terms of oncologic outcomes. This, together with the shortages of BCG in recent years, have forced scientific societies to adapt their clinical practice guidelines and modify their protocols of adjuvant treatment with BCG. This includes changes to strains, doses, and maintenance during this period of time. This consensus document evaluates the current status of adjuvant BCG treatment and the implications of BCG supply availability in the treatment of patients with NMIBC. It also addresses the implementation of novel therapies that will improve cancer prognosis and the quality of life of patients with NMIBC in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":"48 10","pages":"Pages 718-731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical application of the UroLift® prostatic urethral lift in Spain: consensus on the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with urinary flow obstruction and secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) UroLift® 前列腺尿道提升术在西班牙的临床应用：关于治疗与尿流梗阻相关并继发于良性前列腺增生症 (BPH) 的下尿路症状的共识。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.004

M. Fernández Arjona , L. López Martín , L.M. Herranz Fernández , B. Sinues Ojas , J.M. Campá Bortoló , J. Extramiana Cameno , E. López Alcina , I. Povo Martín , A. Budía Alba , G. Ordaz Jurado , J.M. Osca García , M. Perán Teruel , V. Gimeno Argente , A. Navarro Beltrán , J. Benejam Gual , Y.E. Hernández Martínez , C. González Enguita

{"title":"Clinical application of the UroLift® prostatic urethral lift in Spain: consensus on the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with urinary flow obstruction and secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)","authors":"M. Fernández Arjona , L. López Martín , L.M. Herranz Fernández , B. Sinues Ojas , J.M. Campá Bortoló , J. Extramiana Cameno , E. López Alcina , I. Povo Martín , A. Budía Alba , G. Ordaz Jurado , J.M. Osca García , M. Perán Teruel , V. Gimeno Argente , A. Navarro Beltrán , J. Benejam Gual , Y.E. Hernández Martínez , C. González Enguita","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an increasingly common pathology in the adult male. BPH increases after the age of 40–45 years, and its management consumes an enormous amount of resources. The UroLift® System is an approved technology designed to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to BPH and is used to perform the prostatic urethral lift (PUL) procedure. Various urology specialists in Spain with experience in PUL have prepared this consensus document. Endorsed by the Spanish Urology Association, its information is based on the most recent findings. The main objective of this document is to disseminate the consensus recommendations among all professionals treating patients with LUTS/BPH. Both primary care physicians and urologists can assess and offer PUL as an effective, minimally invasive treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":"48 10","pages":"Pages 732-738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between varicocele and hypogonadism, or erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis 精索静脉曲张与性腺功能减退或勃起功能障碍之间的关系：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.06.006

S.J. Gonzalez-Daza , A.M. Díaz-Hung , H.A. García-Perdomo

{"title":"Association between varicocele and hypogonadism, or erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"S.J. Gonzalez-Daza , A.M. Díaz-Hung , H.A. García-Perdomo","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div><span>To assess the association between varicocele and </span>hypogonadism<span>, or erectile dysfunction.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span><span>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, and other sources. We included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. The primary outcome was the association between varicocele and </span>hypogonadism<span>, or erectile dysfunction, and the secondary outcome included </span></span>semen analysis. We assessed the risk of bias with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We performed statistical analysis in Review Manager 5.3 and reported information about the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. We produced a forest plot for the primary outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included ten studies in qualitative analysis and six studies in quantitative analysis. Most of the cross-sectional studies showed a low risk of bias, not so for the two case-control studies, which represented a high risk of bias. Most of the reports described a correlation between having varicocele and presenting low testosterone levels: the meta-analysis showed that there is a significant association between varicocele and hypogonadism (OR 3.27 95% CI 1.23 to 8.68). Regarding varicocele and erectile, only one study showed a significant difference in erectile function in comparison to varicocele patients and men without varicocele.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is an association between varicocele presence and hypogonadism, although more studies are needed. Besides, not much is reported about an association between varicocele and erectile dysfunction, but impairment can occur through hormone disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":"48 10","pages":"Pages 751-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing triple therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer 优化对激素敏感的转移性前列腺癌患者的三联疗法。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.10.005

A. Borque-Fernando , D.A. Pérez-Fentes , M. Rodrigo-Aliaga , J. Puente-Vázquez , A. Gómez-Iturriaga , M. Unda , M.A. Calleja-Hernández , J.M. Cózar-Olmo , J.L. Álvarez-Ossorio

{"title":"Optimizing triple therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","authors":"A. Borque-Fernando , D.A. Pérez-Fentes , M. Rodrigo-Aliaga , J. Puente-Vázquez , A. Gómez-Iturriaga , M. Unda , M.A. Calleja-Hernández , J.M. Cózar-Olmo , J.L. Álvarez-Ossorio","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triple therapy with docetaxel, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) has demonstrated survival benefits in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), especially in those with high-risk disease. However, once the use of ADT and docetaxel is established, guidelines do not clearly specify which ARPI is most appropriate. In this work, a literature review to identify phase III clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines on triple therapy in mHSPC was carried out. Evidence and recommendations were qualitatively reviewed to provide guidelines on the most suitable ARPI based on patient risk, disease volume, and nature of metastases (synchronous or metachronous). This review aims to update the previously published consensus on the optimal pharmacological treatment for mHSPC and to expose the opinions of hospital pharmacy, urology and medical and radiation oncology experts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":"48 10","pages":"Pages 703-717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards population-based screening for prostate cancer in Spain 在西班牙开展基于人口的前列腺癌筛查。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.10.002

J. Morote Robles

引用次数: 0

The leaky pipeline and gender gaps in urology 泌尿外科的漏管和性别差距。

Actas urologicas espanolas Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.05.016

A. Medina Gamero

引用次数: 0