Clinical profile and risk factors identified in patients with renal cancer in Mexican population

Introduction

Renal cell carcinoma, ranked 14th in global incidence, is more common in men. Its incidence rates increase with age, peaking in individuals older than 75 years. The classic triad is present in only 17% of cases. Surgical management involves total or partial nephrectomy, both associated with potential complications.

Objective

To identify the clinical profile and risk factors in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Methodology

An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted on patients with renal cell carcinoma treated surgically in the Urology Department from January 2020 to June 2023. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed in relation to TNM staging, histologic subtype, and morbidity and mortality.

Results

Among 83 patients, 48 (57%) were men, with a mean age of 59.2 years (SD 10.5). Hypertension (HTN) and obesity were the most frequent comorbidities, each affecting 37 patients (44.6%). Flank pain (37 patients, 44.6%) and hematuria (23 patients, 27.7%) were the most common manifestations. Age >50 years was associated with advanced stages (p = 0.003, OR 5.744, 95% CI 1.698–19.424), while obesity was associated with a lower risk of advanced stages (p = 0.0042, OR 0.220, 95% CI 0.075–0.648). Complications of open nephrectomy included bleeding in 26 patients (38.8%) and organ injury in 2 patients (2.9%). Mortality was reported in 1 patient.

Conclusion

Age >50 years is a risk factor for advanced stages, while obesity is associated with a lower risk. Hematuria and flank pain were common, whereas abdominal mass was rarely reported.