Cancer Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Circulating micrornas and long noncoding rnas: Liquid biomarkers in thoracic cancers","authors":"Pablo Reclusa, A. Valentino, R. Sirera, M. Dietrich, L. Raez, C. Rolfo","doi":"10.4103/2395-3977.202226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-3977.202226","url":null,"abstract":"Thoracic cancers are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recent advances in genome and transcriptome analysis have allowed for the identification of numerous classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play important roles either in a biological process or human disease. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, 19–22 nucleotides, ncRNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of their target mRNA. Conversely, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode any proteins. Some lncRNAs can interact with miRNAs and act as repressors, impeding them to bind to their protein-coding targets. There is cumulative evidence that these ncRNAs contribute to the tumorigenic process regulating cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis, and may serve as biomarkers in various types of tumors. In this review, we have summarized the important role of ncRNAs as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis and prognosis of thoracic malignancies such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, and thymoma.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"249 1","pages":"53 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77528608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stemness-Related Markers in Cancer.","authors":"Wenxiu Zhao,&nbsp;Yvonne Li,&nbsp;Xun Zhang","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_69_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_69_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with their self-renewal ability and multilineage differentiation potential, are a critical subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation, growth, and resistance to therapy. Like embryonic and adult stem cells, CSCs express markers that are not expressed in normal somatic cells and are thus thought to contribute towards a 'stemness' phenotype. This review summarizes the current knowledge of stemness-related markers in human cancers, with a particular focus on important transcription factors, protein surface markers and signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/ctm.ctm_69_16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35687647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell-based approach in diabetes and pancreatic cancer management","authors":"Yizhou Jiang, Demeng Chen","doi":"10.4103/2395-3977.200857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-3977.200857","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cell-mediated therapy is a promising strategy for treating pancreatic diseases such as Type-1 diabetes (T1D) and pancreatic cancers. Although islet transplantation has been reported to be an effective diabetes therapy, its worldwide application is extremely limited due to the shortage of donor islets and immune rejection problems. Stem cell-based approach for islet neogenesis in vivo could provide a promising alternative source of islets for treating diabetes. On the other hand, targeting the cancer stem cells could be very effective for the treatment of pancreatic cancers. In this review, we focused on the present progress in the field of adult pancreatic stem cells, stem cell-mediated strategies for treating T1D, and pancreatic cancer stem cells, while discussing of the possible challenges involved in them.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"34 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88650468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markerless Four-Dimensional-Cone Beam Computed Tomography Projection-Phase Sorting Using Prior Knowledge and Patient Motion Modeling: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Yawei Zhang,&nbsp;You Zhang,&nbsp;Wendy B Harris,&nbsp;Fang-Fang Yin,&nbsp;Jing Cai,&nbsp;Lei Ren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>During cancer radiotherapy treatment, on-board four-dimensional-cone beam computed tomography (4D-CBCT) provides important patient 4D volumetric information for tumor target verification. Reconstruction of 4D-CBCT images requires sorting of acquired projections into different respiratory phases. Traditional phase sorting methods are either based on external surrogates, which might miscorrelate with internal structures; or on 2D internal structures, which require specific organ presence or slow gantry rotations. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a 3D motion modeling-based method for markerless 4D-CBCT projection-phase sorting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient 4D-CT images acquired during simulation are used as prior images. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract three major respiratory deformation patterns. On-board patient image volume is considered as a deformation of the prior CT at the end-expiration phase. Coefficients of the principal deformation patterns are solved for each on-board projection by matching it with the digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) of the deformed prior CT. The primary PCA coefficients are used for the projection-phase sorting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCA coefficients solved in nine digital phantoms (XCATs) showed the same pattern as the breathing motions in both the anteroposterior and superoinferior directions. The mean phase sorting differences were below 2% and percentages of phase difference < 10% were 100% for all the nine XCAT phantoms. Five lung cancer patient results showed mean phase difference ranging from 1.62% to 2.23%. The percentage of projections within 10% phase difference ranged from 98.4% to 100% and those within 5% phase difference ranged from 88.9% to 99.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated the feasibility of using PCA coefficients for 4D-CBCT projection-phase sorting. High sorting accuracy in both digital phantoms and patient cases was achieved. This method provides an accurate and robust tool for automatic 4D-CBCT projection sorting using 3D motion modeling without the need of external surrogate or internal markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"3 6","pages":"185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/80/nihms945805.PMC6101251.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36419456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy regulated by miRNAs in colorectal cancer progression and resistance.","authors":"Andrew Fesler, Hua Liu, Ning Wu, Fei Liu, Peixue Ling, Jingfang Ju","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_64_16","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_64_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The catabolic process of autophagy is an essential cellular function that allows for the breakdown and recycling of cellular macromolecules. In recent years, the impact of epigenetic regulation of autophagy by non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) has been recognized in human cancer. In colorectal cancer, Autophagy plays critical roles in cancer progression as well as resistance to chemotherapy, and recent evidence demonstrates that miRNAs are directly involved in mediating these functions. In this review, we will focus on the recent advancements in the field of miRNA regulation of autophagy in colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"96-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/ctm.ctm_64_16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35201831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-based therapy and nonpaclitaxel-based therapy in advanced gastric cancer","authors":"Tongwei Wu, X. Yang, M. An, W. Luo, Danxian Cai, Xiaolong Qi","doi":"10.4103/ctm.ctm_1_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ctm.ctm_1_17","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-based therapy versus nonpaclitaxel-based therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods: An adequate literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society of Medical Oncology was conducted. Phase II/III randomized controlled trials that detected the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-based therapy and nonpaclitaxel-based therapy in AGC patients were enrolled. Overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were included in the endpoints. Results: A total of 632 patients in seven studies of were reviewed. There was a significant difference in ORR between paclitaxel and placebo therapy (odd ratio [OR] =2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–6.86, P = 0.04), but not between paclitaxel and irinotecan, cisplatin or docetaxel. As no first-line treatment, paclitaxel-based therapy significantly increased ORR (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.02–2.34, P = 0.04, I2 = 0%). No significant differences were found in PFS and OS between paclitaxel- and nonpaclitaxel-based therapies. In addition, paclitaxel-based therapy generally decreased the risk of vomiting and stomatitis while increased the risks of leukopenia and sensory neuropathy. Conclusion: Paclitaxel-based therapy improved ORR in AGC patients as no first-line therapy, but no significant difference was observed for PFS and OS.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"153 1","pages":"146 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75055230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of interleukin-18 in breast cancer patients: A pilot study","authors":"Reecha A Parikh, T. Kobawala, T. Trivedi, M. Kazi, N. Ghosh","doi":"10.4103/2395-3977.200855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-3977.200855","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the protein expression of interleukin 18 (IL-18) in patients with untreated breast cancer and further to evaluate its clinical efficacy in predicting treatment outcome. Methods: In the present study, a total of 50 untreated patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were included in the study. Expression of IL-18 was studied by immunohistochemistry method. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Seventy-two percent of the breast cancer patients showed the presence of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear IL-18 immunoreactivity. IL-18 expression was significantly and positively correlated with the stromal response (χ2 = 3.97, r = 0.282, P = 0.044). Further, the IL-18 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in patients with HER2 amplification as compared to luminal B (χ2 = 2.82, r = −0.523, P = 0.047) breast cancer patients. Moreover, a trend of increased IL-18 expression was observed in estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) negative patients as compared to ER/PR positive patients (χ2 = 3.41, r = −0.282, P = 0.066). Conclusion: IL-18 could be used as a potential predictive marker and guide clinicians for recommendations to newer treatment. It might serve as a potential therapeutic target to establish novel treatment approaches along with the current treatment protocol used.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"2016 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86678797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and future systemic treatment options for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma beyond anthracyclines and ifosfamide","authors":"N. Hindi, J. Martín-Broto","doi":"10.4103/2395-3977.200858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-3977.200858","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcomas are rare, life-threatening, malignant tumors. Surgery is the cornerstone of therapy in the localized setting. About one-third of patients develop distant metastasis. In the metastatic setting, systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment, and several second-line options are available, proving a modest survival increase for these patients. Trabectedin is an active drug with several described mechanisms of action. Although the objective response rate is low, about one-third of patients achieve disease stabilizations and a prolonged disease control. Interestingly, it has no accumulative toxicities. Pazopanib is the only targeted therapy approved for soft-tissue sarcoma (STS), with the exception of adipocytic sarcoma. Eribulin represents a recently approved therapeutic option for liposarcoma. Other drugs such as gemcitabine combinations, dacarbazine, and taxanes have also shown activity in second lines in advanced STS. The selection should be based on histologic subtype, patient characteristics, and toxicity profile among other factors. This review will summarize clinical development of the current and future therapeutic options for this heterogeneous group of diseases.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"20 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81890366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of prostate cancer tissue identified overexpression of specific members of the human endogenous retrovirus-K family","authors":"B. Sayanjali","doi":"10.4103/2395-3977.200859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-3977.200859","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are integrated into the human genome and represent 8% of the total genome. A retrovirus is the most complete retroelement and is characterized by three defined sets of regions of genes: gag, pol, and env, flanking by long terminal repeats. Among different HERVs, the K family is one of those that have been most recently integrated into the human genome. Activation and expression of members of this family are shown to be connected with some human diseases including prostate cancer. Here, we showed the global expression pattern of HERV-K (HML-2) in prostate cancer tissue. Methods: Samples from 14 patients were subjected to whole transcriptome sequencing on rRNA-depleted samples. This analysis was performed through a distinct bioinformatics method and confirmed through a series of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting experiments. Results: For the first time, we showed the expression of gag protein in prostate cancer tissue both in sequencing results and also immunoblotting. This showed a higher expression of the gag protein in the tumor samples relative to benign samples. Conclusion: Overexpression of gag in the tumor can implicate a role within its overexpression in tumor tissue, either by acting on neighboring genes or through the activation of promoter transcription factors.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78447379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genomic organization and function of IRX1 in tumorigenesis and development","authors":"Pengxing Zhang, Hongwei Yang, Xin Wang, Liang Wang, Yingduan Cheng, Yongsheng Zhang, Y. Tu","doi":"10.4103/2395-3977.200856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-3977.200856","url":null,"abstract":"Iroquois homeobox (IRX), containing transcription factor family of homologous genes and proteins, is widely expressed in both vertebrates and invertebrates embryonic tissue expression profiles. They play a crucial role in the regionalization and patterning of tissues and organs during metazoan development. IRX1, belonging to the IRX gene family, codes for active proteins involved in the development of vertebrate nervous system and plays an important role in the development of various other organs during embryo development. It also plays a critical role in the tumor formation and is identified as both the oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in a variety of tumors. This review summarizes the recent discoveries on the genomic structure of IRX1 and the type classification in different species. More specifically, we focused on explaining the key role of IRX1 in tumorigenesis, and development of tumor and influence in biological processes of metazoans, which we hope will provide a better understanding of the mechanism of IRX1.","PeriodicalId":9428,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Translational Medicine","volume":"134 1","pages":"29 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86824510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}