World journal of nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of infectious complications following early versus late pulse steroid therapy in renal transplant recipients.","authors":"Shuvam Roy, M R Behera, Anupma Kaul, Narayan Prasad, Dharmendra S Bhadauria, Manas R Patel, Ravi S Kushwaha, Monika Yachha, Priyank Yadav, Hira Lal","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118253","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal transplant recipients are at increased risk of infections due to immunosuppression. Pulse steroid therapy, used to treat acute rejection, may further heighten this risk. However, the impact of the timing of pulse steroid therapy on infectious complications remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare infectious complications following early <i>vs</i> late pulse steroid therapy in renal transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included adult renal transplant recipients who received pulse steroid therapy either within 90 days (early) or after 90 days (late) post-transplantation between January 2016 and December 2020. Patients receiving both early and late pulse therapy were excluded. Infectious complications requiring hospitalization were recorded from the first pulse steroid dose until death or December 31, 2021. Infection burden was expressed as episodes per 100 patient-years, and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 128 patients were included (early: <i>n</i> = 84; late: <i>n</i> = 44). The overall infection rate was lower in the early group compared with the late group (42.64 episodes per 100 patient-years <i>vs</i> 68.68 episodes per 100 patient-years; IRR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.46-0.83, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Rates of pneumonia (IRR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.22-0.86, <i>P</i> = 0.02), sepsis (IRR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13-0.96, <i>P</i> = 0.04), and viral infections (IRR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.19-0.91, <i>P</i> = 0.03) were also lower in the early group. Mortality was significantly higher in patients receiving late pulse steroid therapy (18.2% <i>vs</i> 4.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Late pulse steroid therapy in renal transplant recipients is associated with a significantly higher burden of infectious complications and mortality compared with early therapy. These findings highlight the need for enhanced surveillance and tailored infection prevention strategies following late intensification of immunosuppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"118253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota in a Saudi population with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Afnan A Almuhanna, Chittibabu Vatte, Qian Guo, Tamer S Elsalamouni, Fahd A Al-Muhanna, Ameen M Aboalrihy, Hassan A Alhabib, Mohammed F Almomen, Rudaynah A Alali, Alawi H Habara, Mohammed A Alrubaish, Kaltham M Alfalah, Cyril Cyrus, Ibrahiem Saeed Abdul-Rahman, Brendan J Keating, Amein K Al-Ali, Chan Wang","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118343","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and dialysis modalities can differentially impact the GM composition and function. There is also limited information on the GM in Arab populations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the distinct microbial profiles and functional alterations associated with hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) in a Saudi Arabian cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed whole-genome metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples from 189 participants (controls and CKD, HD, and PD patients).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detected distinct microbial profiles across all patient groups compared with that of the controls. Microbial risk scores derived from differentially abundant taxa accurately distinguished CKD, PD, and HD patients from controls, with area under the curves exceeding 0.9. Compared with HD patients, PD patients exhibited reduced species richness, an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens (particularly <i>Proteobacteria</i>), and increased virulence. Functional analysis revealed suppressed energy metabolism and activated proinflammatory pathways in PD patients. Cooccurrence network analysis demonstrated decreased microbial community resilience in PD patients, with increased <i>Proteobacteria</i> interactions. Conversely, the HD group showed partial recovery of microbial balance and beneficial metabolic functions, including increased short-chain fatty acid metabolism and reduced lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the potential of the microbial profile as a robust biomarker for CKD classification and underscore the differential impacts of different dialysis modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"118343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in young patients in developing countries.","authors":"Allieu Tommy, Jonathan Soldera","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.117721","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.117721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important but under-recognized cause of morbidity in young people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where epidemiological data in this age group are limited and fragmented. LMICs, as defined by the World Bank, have a gross national income per capita between United States dollar 1136 and United States dollar 13845 (2024).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To summarize the prevalence of CKD among individuals aged ≤ 25 years in LMICs and to explore sources of between-study variability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for original studies reporting CKD prevalence in LMIC populations aged 0-25 years. Study-level proportions were pooled using a random intercept logistic regression model (generalized linear mixed model) with logit transformation. Heterogeneity was quantified using <i>τ</i> ², <i>I</i> ², and <i>Q</i> statistics. Prespecified subgroup analyses stratified studies by world region and study setting (community-based, hospital/clinic-based, CKD/end-stage renal disease registries, and specific disease cohorts). Random-effects meta-regression examined the contribution of region and setting to heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses excluding registry and high-risk cohorts were undertaken to approximate prevalence in more general populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies from 17 countries (339940 participants; 96674 CKD cases) were included. The overall pooled prevalence was 11.7% (95% confidence interval: 5.5%-23.3%), with a prediction interval spanning 0.3%-84% and extreme heterogeneity (<i>τ</i> ² = 3.41; <i>I</i> ² = 99.9%). Subgroup analyses showed a clear gradient by setting, from lowest prevalence in community-based samples to highest in registries and disease-specific cohorts. Meta-regression indicated that setting explained 36.8% and region 28.2% of between-study variance, while both combined explained 61.4%. In sensitivity analyses restricted to more general populations, pooled prevalence was in the 4%-5% range (random-effects 95% confidence interval: 2%-9%), although heterogeneity remained high.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CKD in young people in LMICs is common and highly variable, largely reflecting differences in study setting and geography, and warrants targeted early detection and surveillance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"117721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early detection of contrast-associated acute kidney injury after coronary angiography: A predictive value of osteopontin.","authors":"Nashwa M Azoz, Noura G Nasr, Mohamad A Sobh, Ahmed Abdel-Galeel, Randa A Elzohne, Rabea A Gadelkareem, Alaa O Ahmed","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.116961","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.116961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a common and serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is linked to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Early detection of patients at risk is crucial for implementing timely preventive actions. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional glycoprotein highly expressed in kidney tissue, has been suggested as a potential biomarker for AKI. However, its role in CA-AKI remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the predictive value of serum OPN levels for early identification of CA-AKI in patients undergoing PCI and to compare its diagnostic performance with the Mehran risk score and traditional clinical predictors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, non-randomized comparative study was conducted at Assiut University Hospitals between March 2023 and March 2024. A total of 155 patients who underwent elective or primary PCI were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included chronic kidney disease, prior CA-AKI, cardiogenic shock, obstructive uropathy, malignancy, or nephrotoxic drug use. Serum OPN was measured immediately before and after PCI by ELISA alongside routine renal function tests. CA-AKI was defined as ≥ 0.3 mg/dL absolute or ≥ 50% relative rise in serum creatinine within 7 days post-contrast. The primary outcomes were the rate of CA-AKI after PCI and changes in OPN levels. Patients with CA-AKI were compared with patients without CA-AKI. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess predictors and diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CA-AKI occurred in 20 patients (12.9%). These patients were significantly older (59.54 ± 8.67 years) than those without CA-AKI (48.19 ± 7.89 years; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Patients with CA-AKI had significantly higher OPN levels before and after PCI compared with those without CA-AKI (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Independent predictors of CA-AKI included pre-PCI OPN [odds ratio (OR) = 3.22], post-PCI OPN (OR = 2.90), contrast volume (OR = 1.22), and Mehran score (OR = 3.10). Pre-PCI OPN > 69.6 ng/mL demonstrated 86.8% accuracy (area under the curve of 0.80). Combining OPN with the Mehran score produced a diagnostic accuracy of 88% (area under the curve of 0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated OPN levels, both before and after PCI, independently predicted CA-AKI and enhanced the predictive power of the Mehran score. Routine assessment of OPN may provide an effective strategy for early risk stratification in patients undergoing PCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"116961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury: Interleukin 18 as a new biomarker.","authors":"Ronke Adunni Makinde, Abiodun Olabamiji Ajose, Abiodun Kofoworola Ajeigbe, Tewogbade Adeoye Adedeji, Uvie Ufuoma Onakpoya, Olugbenga Olalekan Ojo","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.117015","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.117015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Creatinine has been the widely accepted and used marker of cardiac surgery associated (CSA) acute kidney injury (AKI) in both adult and pediatric age groups, the diagnosis of which may take hours to days, leading to delayed recognition of renal dysfunction, and this may be partly responsible for the limited progress in preventing and treating postoperative AKI. This underscores the need for more sensitive markers of AKI.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the detection of AKI by interleukin 18 (IL-18) in contrast to creatinine among post-operative CSA children in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma samples were collected from forty consecutive children aged less than 15 years who had open heart surgery for treatment of congenital heart disease at six different time points (0-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 24-, 48 hours) and were assayed for IL-18 and creatinine using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay method and automated Jaffe kinetic method respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average plasma IL-18 concentrations at six different time points were 12.83 ng/L, 19.09 ng/L, 22.15 ng/L, 20.00 ng/L, 18.11 ng/L and 16.36 ng/L correspondingly with the greatest value at 8 hours. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that IL-18 portend CSA-AKI with a specificity of 88% and a sensitivity of 100% at a limit point of 22 ng/L and had an area under the curve of 0.926.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-18 had a better specificity and sensitivity in the detection of CSA-AKI in pediatric age group than creatinine from the findings in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"117015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performing a percutaneous kidney biopsy.","authors":"Julian Yaxley, Tahira Scott, Cameron Burnett, Jagadeesh Kurtkoti","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.117336","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.117336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The percutaneous kidney biopsy is an important skill in nephrology practice. Evidence-based material specifically discussing the procedural steps of a kidney biopsy is lacking. This article outlines the technical process and peri-procedural management of ultrasound-guided percutaneous kidney biopsy and is intended to serve as a useful and practical resource for nephrology trainees and consultants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"117336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative predictors of urinary tract infections after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.","authors":"Rabea A Gadelkareem, Hazem T Abodief, Sahra Z Azer, Amna A Desoky, Nasreldin Mohammed","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118484","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118484","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common postoperative complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Besides the significant threat to the patient's life, they represent a surgical, financial, and stressful burden to the healthcare systems. Duration of the procedure, bacterial load in urine, severity of obstruction, and presence of infected stone directly increase the incidence of UTI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To identify the perioperative predictors of postoperative UTIs in patients undergoing PNL in Assiut University Urology Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A prospective study was conducted at Assiut University Urology Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt, involving adult patients who underwent PNL from May 2022 to March 2023 for postoperative UTI. The sample size was calculated based on the previous studies and the PNL rate in our hospital, using Thompson's equation. Patients who had other surgical procedures besides PNL, had immunosuppression, congenital kidney malformations, or refused to participate were excluded. Patients were recruited consecutively during the study duration. The Excel sheet was used for data collection, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, version 26, was used for statistical analysis. The authors analyzed the preoperative, operative, and postoperative variables using both univariate and multivariate analyses. The statistical cutoff point for significance was set at &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study included 157 patients: 96 (61.1%) males and 61 (39.9%) females. The mean ± SD (range) age was 47.37 ± 12.47 (20-65) years. The mean body mass index ± SD (range) was 24.44 ± 2.84 (16.80-33.80) kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Thirty-one patients (19.7%) had postoperative UTIs. The univariate analysis revealed that the presence of a history of pyuria (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.026), diabetes mellitus (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010), large stone size (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), multiple renal punctures (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001), prolonged operative time (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004), placement of a double-J stent (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027) or nephrostomy tube (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.021), higher blood transfusion rate (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.024), residual stones (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002), and prolonged urethral catheterization (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) were associated with the incidence of UTIs. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR) = 0.15, confidence interval (CI): 1.1-4.41], stone size (OR = 2.15, CI: 0.14-1.13), and residual stone (OR = 0.16, CI: 0.03-0.93) were independent predictors for postoperative UTIs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty-one out of 157 patients experienced UTIs following PNL. The presence of diabetes mellitus, larger stone size, and residual stones were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative UTIs after PNL. We suggest conducting further research to identify factors that may aid in the early detection","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"118484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can preoperative parameters and histopathology of the vessels affect arteriovenous fistula outcomes? A prospective observational study.","authors":"Sajal Gupta, Abheesh Varma Hegde, Suyog Shetty, Shreyas N Michael, Prashanth Adiga K","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118363","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for maintenance hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease; however, early failure remains common.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine clinical, biochemical, Doppler ultrasound and histopathological predictors of early AVF outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center prospective observational study, 69 adult patients undergoing AVF creation were evaluated preoperatively using clinical assessment, laboratory investigations (lipid profile and serum calcium), and Doppler ultrasonography. Intraoperative edge biopsies of the artery and vein were obtained for histopathological analysis. Patients were followed at 1, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Associations between preoperative and histological factors and AVF patency, maturation, and early complications were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean patient age was 51.6 ± 11.6 years, and 82.6% were men. Age > 60 years [odds ratio (OR): 5.25], alcohol use (OR: 13.75), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 0.167) were independently associated with surgical site infection. Early postoperative bleeding was associated with elevated triglyceride levels, abnormal vessel morphology, smaller arterial diameter, and greater vessel depth. AVF maturation was adversely associated with smoking (OR: 2.76), elevated triglycerides (OR: 0.144), abnormal vessel wall histology (OR: 1.58), and suboptimal vascular characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smaller and deeper vessels identified on preoperative Doppler ultrasonography, dyslipidemia, and histological vessel wall abnormalities were independently associated with poorer AVF outcomes. Routine lipid screening and selective use of intraoperative vessel wall biopsy may assist in identifying patients at higher risk of AVF failure and inform vascular access planning in chronic kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"118363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of boric acid on kidney tissue and oxidative stress after testicular torsion/detorsion in male rats.","authors":"Uğur M Adam, Metin Alkan, Şaban C Sezen, Mustafa Kavutçu, Mustafa Arslan","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.116474","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.116474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury may affect distant organs. During I/R, metabolites formed in the affected organ are released into the circulation; thus, non-ischemic organs, such as the kidneys and lungs, become involved in the inflammatory process, even if they are not primarily affected. Damage from testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) models has been shown to affect kidneys. There is a need to examine the nephroprotective effect of boric acid (BA), which is known to have antioxidant effects, on kidney damage.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate kidney damage in a rat testicular T/D model and the effectiveness of BA on this distant organ damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 6 each)-control (group C), BA (group BA), T/D (group I/R), BA-T/D (group BA-I/R). In all groups, the scrotum was cut longitudinally, and the testis was dissected. No medication was administered to groups C and group I/R. Groups BA and group BA-I/R were administered 50 mg/kg BA intraperitoneally half an hour before the surgical procedure. The testicular T/D model was applied to groups I/R and group BA-I/R. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzyme activities were measured in kidney tissue. Additionally, sections were taken and evaluated for histopathological examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase in MDA levels and a decrease in PON-1 activity were detected in the I/R group compared to the control group (<i>P</i> = 0.001, <i>P</i> = 0.002, respectively). MDA levels were found to be significantly lower in the BA-I/R group than in the I/R group (<i>P</i> = 0.041). PON-1 enzyme activity was found to be significantly higher in the BA-I/R group than in the I/R group (<i>P</i> = 0.048). The light microscopy examination showed an increase in glomerular vacuolization, tubular dilatation, vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy (VVH), and tubular cell degeneration and necrosis damage scores in the I/R group compared to the control group (<i>P</i> = 0.003, <i>P</i> = 0.005, <i>P</i> = 0.008, and <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively). In the I/R group treated with BA, tubular dilatation and VVH scores decreased compared to the I/R group (<i>P</i> = 0.037 and <i>P</i> = 0.048, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings show that the testicular T/D model in rats causes kidney damage, and BA administration reduces this damage in the kidneys.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"116474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post vaccination acute kidney injury and other renal complications after COVID-19 and influenza vaccination.","authors":"Yunn Honey Aye Kyaw, Pierre Yip, Kay Choong See","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118214","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118214","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Vaccination remains a cornerstone of public health, yet concerns regarding serious adverse events continue to contribute to vaccine hesitancy. While systemic and local vaccine reactions are well described, renal complications such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and immune-mediated glomerular disease are less well characterised. With widespread and sustained use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza vaccines, a comprehensive synthesis of reported renal adverse outcomes is needed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To synthesise and critically evaluate the existing evidence on AKI and other renal manifestations reported following influenza and COVID-19 vaccination. Specifically, it aims to characterise the spectrum of reported renal presentations, summarise clinical features and timelines described in case reports and case series, and contextualise these findings using population-level observational and pharmacovigilance data to assess the overall renal safety profile of these vaccines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to 6 December 2025 for studies reporting renal outcomes following COVID-19 or influenza vaccination. Eligible studies included observational studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, case reports, and case series. Data on incidence, clinical presentation, timing of onset, management, and outcomes were extracted and synthesised narratively due to heterogeneity. Risk of bias in observational studies was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 255 COVID-19 vaccine-related studies and 73 influenza vaccine-related studies met the inclusion criteria, supplemented by additional studies identified through reference screening. Population-level observational studies consistently demonstrated a low absolute risk of renal adverse outcomes following vaccination, with several studies reporting reduced AKI-related risk among vaccinated individuals. In contrast, pharmacovigilance analyses and case reports described serious instances of de novo or relapsing renal disease, including minimal change disease, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, and systemic inflammatory syndromes with secondary renal involvement. Symptom onset typically occurred within days to weeks of vaccination. Most cases responded favourably to supportive or disease-specific therapy, with recovery observed over weeks to months; irreversible renal outcomes were uncommon.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Current evidence indicates that both COVID-19 and influenza vaccines are associated with a low population-level risk of adverse renal outcomes. Serious immune-mediated renal events have been reported in temporal associatio","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"15 2","pages":"118214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}