World journal of methodology最新文献

{"title":"Standardizing the Yamane flanged intrascleral haptic fixation: A framework for efficacy, complication mitigation, and reproducible training.","authors":"Güldeniz Usta Küçükbezirci, Buse Gürcan, Neeket Patel, David J Ramsey, Amal Alwreikat","doi":"10.5662/wjm.120949","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.120949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Yamane technique for flanged intrascleral haptic fixation has emerged as a pivotal sutureless method for scleral fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in the absence of capsular support. This methodological review provides a technically oriented, stepwise description of the Yamane technique, emphasizing critical procedural nuances and evidence-based refinements that influence surgical control to achieve proper, long-term lens fixation. Key steps are consolidated from the original descriptions and subsequent mechanical studies evaluating haptic behavior, needle-haptic compatibility, tunnel geometry, and IOL centration. Surgical parameters-including needle gauge selection, bevel orientation, entry angle relative to the limbus, symmetric scleral tunnel creation, tunnel length, controlled haptic externalization, and flange formation-are reviewed in relation to postoperative lens position and stability. Comparative studies of the Yamane technique and those utilizing suture-based fixation techniques suggest broadly comparable refractive stability and a potentially favorable mechanical complication profile. However, variability across studies and the absence of long-term randomized controlled trial data warrant cautious interpretation. The methodological framework presented consolidates current evidence and technical refinements of the Yamane technique. Standardizing the key procedural steps of this technique is essential to enhance reproducibility, minimize avoidable complications, and improve the ability to compare outcomes across clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 3","pages":"120949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragility fracture risk prediction using quantitative magnetic resonance and Vertebral Bone Quality scoring beyond density.","authors":"Sanjith Manian, Arunagiri Gunasekar, Naveen Jeyaraman, Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy, Sathish Muthu, Madhan Jeyaraman","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i3.117490","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i3.117490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fragility fractures represent a significant global health burden, with osteoporosis affecting over 500 million individuals and contributing to nearly 9 million fractures annually. Conventional diagnosis relies on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure bone mineral density (BMD), yet BMD alone explains only part of fracture risk. Many fractures occur in patients without osteoporosis by DEXA criteria, underscoring the limitations of bone quantity-based assessment. Advances in imaging and biomarker research highlight the importance of bone quality, microarchitecture, and marrow composition in fracture prediction. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques - including T1ρ, T2 mapping, proton density fat fraction, and diffusion-weighted imaging - offer non-invasive insights into collagen integrity, proteoglycan content, water distribution, and marrow adiposity. These parameters correlate with trabecular deterioration and cortical porosity, enhancing risk stratification beyond BMD. Similarly, Vertebral Bone Quality (VBQ) scoring, derived from routine T1-weighted MRI, provides a practical surrogate for bone quality by quantifying vertebral marrow signal intensity relative to cerebrospinal fluid. Modified VBQ improves accuracy by minimising posterior vertebral artefacts, demonstrating stronger correlation with DEXA T scores and trabecular microarchitecture. Studies show VBQ predicts vertebral fragility fractures independently of BMD, with sensitivity exceeding 90% and discriminatory ability comparable to the fracture risk assessment tool and trabecular bone score. Integration of quantitative MRI and VBQ/modified VBQ into predictive models, supported by artificial intelligence, enables opportunistic, radiation-free screening and more precise fracture risk assessment. Together, these advanced imaging biomarkers represent a paradigm shift toward comprehensive evaluation of bone strength, bridging the gap between bone quantity and quality for improved prevention and management of fragility fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 3","pages":"117490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review on the benefits and physiological basis of yoga.","authors":"Ajaya Kumar Ayyappan Unnithan","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.114072","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.114072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yoga is widely considered as a method to improve psychological and physiological status of humans. A review is done about the benefits of yoga from the literature in modern medicine. The common benefits are in physical fitness, mental state, attention, processing speed, memory, cognitive functions and executive functions. Studies have demonstrated the benefits of yoga in metabolic syndrome with reduction of blood sugar, cholesterol, and hypertension. Yoga reduces the age-related deterioration in cardiovascular functions, improves cardiac performance, and makes pulmonary function better. The physiologic mechanisms of yoga are reduction of stress and inflammation, increased gray matter volume, improved neural network flexibility, and reorganization of attentional network. Several studies showed that yogic practices down-regulate the hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Recent clinical <i>in vivo</i> experiments suggests that yoga enhances inhibitory mediator gamma-aminobutyric acid and enhances peripheral oxytocin levels. Serotonin and melatonin levels are also increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 2","pages":"114072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation therapy plus osimertinib <i>vs</i> osimertinib alone in epidermal growth factor receptor mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review.","authors":"Mubeena Javed, Maham Fatima, Muhammad Bari Hassan, Sanjeet Kumar, Raja Pawan, Vikram Singh, Kheentesh Kumar, Rabia Amir, Ali Karim, Inshal Jawed, Farah Alam, Danaish Kumar, Rahul Rai, Hersh Tilokani, Syed Ali Farhan Abbas Rizvi","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.109986","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.109986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>About 25%-40% of people with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience brain metastases, which cause major challenges in their treatment. There continues to be no agreement on the ideal method for using EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and radiotherapy in management.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To systematically assess how effective and safe EGFR-TKIs are when used together with or without radiotherapy in people with EGFR mutation and brain metastases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a complete literature search was initiated. We selected studies of two designs: Randomized trials and observational studies, which focused on therapies like EGFR-TKIs, radiotherapy, or approaches that combine both. Results for primary outcomes focused on how long people lived without the cancer spreading, whether the brain tumor shrank, and how safe the treatment was.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten randomized controlled trials and 17 observational studies, totaling 14955 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Osimertinib and similar third-generation EGFR-TKIs performed better in the brain, helping patients with central nervous system (CNS) responses of 60% to 91%. Treatment involving combined EGFR-TKI medicine and radiotherapy worked better for local control and survival than EGFR-TKI treatment alone, mainly in patients with less than three brain metastases, ECOG 0-2, and moderate to severe neurological symptoms. Cognitive function was preserved better in those who received stereotactic radiosurgery and EGFR-TKIs than in those who had whole-brain radiation therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Third-generation EGFR-TKIs have good CNS effects in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Treatments that include radiotherapy are sometimes used together, and choosing the right method depends on the amount of cancer, its effect on the person, and patient factors, which includes brain metastases (<i>e.g.</i>, > 3), performance status (<i>e.g.</i>, ECOG 0-2), and severity of the symptom (<i>e.g.</i>, moderate to severe neurological symptoms).</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 2","pages":"109986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic diaphragm ultrasound training: Curriculum implementation and learning trajectory among diaphragm ultrasound naive trainees.","authors":"Kay W P Ng, Kay Choong See","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.113663","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.113663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little information exists on the amount or type of training required for diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) competency.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the number of directly-supervised DUS cases required for DUS-naive trainees to achieve competency for independent practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted in the intensive care unit, among trainees without prior DUS experience. Trainees completed a theoretical module and questionnaire, then performed a standardized DUS protocol on both right and left hemi-diaphragms under supervision. Trainees were tasked to determine: (1) Diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF), as a percentage difference of the diaphragm thickness at end-inspiration compared to thickness at end-expiration; and (2) Amount of diaphragm excursion (DE). DTF was evaluated at the zone of apposition and mid-axillary line on both sides. Both DTF and DE were calculated using the mean of measurements from three consecutive breaths. Trainee measurements and interpretation were compared with trainers, according to pre-defined criteria. Need for assistance was also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen trainees (mean age 29.5 years; 7 females) scanned 5 patients each, whereby each trainee would have acquired 150 hemi-diaphragm images for 20 sets of DTF measurements and 10 sets of DE measurements. Across 65 supervised assessments on 52 patients, measurement agreement improved with repeated attempts, particularly for DTF, reaching near 100% by the fifth attempt. Interpretation agreement was consistently high (> 80%) from the start and also approached 100% with training. However, some trainees still required assistance with left diaphragm assessments, especially excursion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our training approach allowed DUS-naive trainees to achieve adequate skills to perform unsupervised DUS evaluation of the right hemi-diaphragm after at least 5 patient encounters. For left DTF and DE, some trainees require more supervised scans to achieve competency for independent practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 2","pages":"113663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of parenteral anticoagulants (fondaparinux, argatroban, bivalirudin) in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic review.","authors":"Abdul Rehman, Mehsim Abid, Hira Jamil, Sadia Siddique, Sagar Parkash, Fnu Nasrullah, Fnu Sapna, Bhawna Lohana, Kiran Lohana, Inshal Jawed, Mohammad Tufail, Mohammad Sarim Sharaf","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.113265","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.113265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe immune adverse drug reaction that requires stopping heparin and starting other types of anticoagulation. The comparative effectiveness of intravenous anticoagulants remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To systematically compare the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux with that of argatroban and bivalirudin in patients who have been suspected or confirmed to have had HIT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the literature has been conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases were searched until January 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing the parenteral anticoagulant in patients with HIT were included. Study quality was assessed by two independent reviewers, based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Evidence certainty was conducted using the GRADE method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2867 patients with HIT were identified in 16 of the studies that comprised this review (1 RCT, 15 RCTs). Limited head-to-head evidence was available from the single RCT. Across the studies, thrombotic events occurred at rates of 5%-15% and major bleeding at rates of 5%-15%. Research has shown differences in anticoagulation efficiency, with methodological differences being significant. Fondaparinux's safety characteristics were found favorable in retrospective reviews, whereas argatroban and bivalirudin displayed similar efficacy characteristics. The evidence certainty was classified as low to very low due to study design limitations and inconsistencies among key outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review identified significant gap in the comparative evidence to manage HIT using parenteral anticoagulants. Based on one RCT study and 15 observational studies (<i>n</i> = 2867), no single anticoagulant agent was definitively superior, and the certainty level of all outcomes was low to very low. Observational evidence and its methodological heterogeneity do not allow for ranking the treatment in an evidence-based treatment. Well-designed RCT are needed to guide in selecting the best anticoagulant to use in patients with HIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 2","pages":"113265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unforeseen consequence of colovesical fistula in diverticulitis presenting as septic cellulitis: A case report.","authors":"Abheesh Varma Hegde, Sajal Gupta, L N Mohan, Anthony Rozario","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.111784","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.111784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colovesical fistula (CVF) is an uncommon but serious complication most often linked to diverticular disease of the colon. Its diagnosis can be at times challenging as the symptoms are nonspecific, and timely intervention is crucial to avoid morbidity.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 65-year-old Indian male was admitted with right lower limb cellulitis and was in septic shock. Despite initial management, he remained oliguric with persistent loose stools. On post-fasciotomy day 4, fecaluria was noted, prompting suspicion of a bowel-urinary tract fistula. Microscopic urine examination confirmed fecal matter. A computed tomography urogram with cystogram revealed a CVF at the sigmoid colon, likely secondary to diverticulitis. Baseline carcinoembryonic antigen levels were normal. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, which revealed dense adhesions between the sigmoid colon and bladder were noted, and the findings were consistent with diverticulitis though no discrete diverticulum was separately visualized. The fistulous tract was excised (frozen section was negative for malignancy), a two-layer bladder repair was performed, and the affected sigmoid colon segment was resected using a Hartmann's procedure. Multiple bladder washes were also done. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well, with resolution of oliguria and diarrhea. He was discharged on postoperative day 8. Histopathology confirmed diverticulitis without malignancy. A successful stoma reversal occurred 2 months later, and he remained symptom-free at the 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CVF should be considered in cases of persistent urinary symptoms or fecaluria, particularly in patients with risk factors such as older age and diverticular disease, even in regions with low incidence of colonic diverticula. Early diagnosis using imaging modalities and prompt surgical management are key to favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 2","pages":"111784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle knife therapy for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yi-Ming Zhang, Rui-Guo Li, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Zhan-You Wang, Huan-Huan Xu, Xiao-Fan Li, Zi-Wei Zhang","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.117496","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.117496","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), a prevalent form of cervical spondylopathy, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Current management primarily relies on conservative approaches. In recent years, needle knife therapy, as a new type of therapy, has been used in the treatment of CSR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of needle-knife therapy for CSR and compare its advantages over conventional treatments, including acupuncture, massage, and warm acupuncture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, China Biology Medicine, and other databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of needle-knife therapy for CSR from the establishment of the database to November 3, 2025. Two independent researchers performed literature screening based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by secondary screening and quality assessment. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was utilized for assessing the methodological quality of the included RCTs. Data synthesis and analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4 software, focusing on treatment effective rates, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores, and Yasushi Tanaka cervical spondylitis symptom scale 20 (YT20) scores.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 15 RCTs, encompassing 1184 patients (592 in the experiment group and 592 in the control group), were included in this meta-analysis. Potential high risks of bias in randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding procedures may adversely affect the overall methodological quality of the included trials. The results of meta-analysis showed that the effective rate of the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group [mean differences (MD) = 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07-0.14, &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt; = 6.03, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.00001]; the safety and YT20 scores [safety: MD = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.14-0.83, &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt; = 2.36, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02, YT20 scores: standardized MD (SMD) = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.24-2.86, &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt; = 4.94, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.00001] in the experiment group were higher than those in the control group. The VAS score (SMD = -0.93, 95%CI: -1.59 to -0.27&lt;i&gt;, P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.0001), NDI score (SMD = -4.04, 95%CI: -5.01 to -3.07, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.0001) in the experiment group were lower than those in the control group. Significant heterogeneity was observed for VAS (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 99%) and NDI (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 84%) scores. Sensitivity analysis did not find significant reversal, indicating that the results of the included studies were reliable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Needle-knife therapy for CSR presents a higher efficacy and improved clinical outcome scores when contrasted with conventional treatments. However, these findings are constrained by the generally low qual","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 2","pages":"117496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist autoantibodies in Still's disease: Mechanistic insights and laboratory testing.","authors":"Abdellatif Bouayad","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.114269","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.114269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutralizing autoantibodies against interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) have been identified in patients with Still's disease, often in association with hyperphosphorylation of the endogenous soluble IL-1RA protein. Although several cytokines and signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Still's disease, the mechanisms underlying anti-IL-1RA autoantibody production remain unclear. Their detection is challenging due to assay heterogeneity, and therefore, a combination of different detection methods is recommended. This minireview explores potential predisposing factors for IL-1RA autoantibody development and discusses their biological and clinical significance. It also summarizes current diagnostic approaches for their detection, highlighting key challenges, pitfalls, and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 2","pages":"114269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation priming on single-leg balance control.","authors":"Simone Zaccaron, Mattia D'Alleva, Lara Mari, Jacopo Stafuzza, Stefano Lazzer, Enrico Rejc","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.117099","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.117099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Balance control relies on proprioceptive, visual and vestibular inputs, contributing to functional performance and injury prevention. Neuromodulation strategies targeting the spinal circuitry controlling lower limbs are emerging as potential approaches to enhance lower limb neuromuscular performance. For example, non-invasive lumbosacral spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) applied to prime the nervous system can improve lower limb performance during repeated, high-level efforts. However, it is unclear whether such neural priming approach can influence low-level motor outcomes and balance control.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the effects of scTS priming on single-leg stance balance control with and without visual input.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve young active males (age: 22.7 ± 2.1 years) participated in this randomized crossover, sham-controlled study. Single-leg stance balance control with eyes open and eyes closed was assessed before and after the priming protocol with scTS or sham stimulation for approximately 25 minutes over a total of two different experimental sessions. Anterior-posterior, medio-lateral and a composite of the two directions were assessed on the force platform as well as electromyography of tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius muscles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Priming protocols with scTS or sham application did not influence single-leg stance performance, as reflected by trial duration, kinetic and electromyography outcomes (priming effect: <i>P</i>-values ranging from 0.343 to 0.759). A significant effect of vision emerged, with shorter trial duration (<i>P</i> = 0.018), larger anterior-posterior (<i>P</i> = 0.004), medio-lateral (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and total displacement (<i>P</i> < 0.001), as well as longer co-contraction between TA and medial gastrocnemius (<i>P</i> < 0.001) with eyes closed compared to eyes open. Also, a time × priming × eyes interaction was found for the TA muscle activation (<i>P</i> = 0.046), indicating increased TA activation at the end <i>vs</i> beginning of eyes open trials following scTS priming.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The scTS priming did not affect single-leg stance balance performance under both eyes closed and open conditions. Also, as expected, impaired balance control was found with eyes closed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"16 2","pages":"117099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}