Abdulmajeed Alosaimi, Abdullah Algarni, Abdulrahman Alharbi, Abdulmalik Alotaibi, Abdullah Alomairi, Mohannad Alsurayhi, Waleed Alharbi
{"title":"Comparative efficacy of minoxidil alone versus minoxidil combined with low-level laser therapy in the treatment of androgenic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Abdulmajeed Alosaimi, Abdullah Algarni, Abdulrahman Alharbi, Abdulmalik Alotaibi, Abdullah Alomairi, Mohannad Alsurayhi, Waleed Alharbi","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2024.2447355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09546634.2024.2447355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of minoxidil alone versus minoxidil with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for androgenic alopecia.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE was conducted. Randomized clinical trials comparing minoxidil monotherapy with minoxidil and LLLT combination therapy were included based on predefined criteria. The Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool was used for quality assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 38 identified studies, 34 remained after excluding 4 duplicates. Further exclusions left 4 eligible studies comparing minoxidil alone with minoxidil and LLLT. The meta-analysis found no statistically significant differences in hair counts between the two groups at baseline, 12 weeks, and 8 weeks post-treatment [mean difference = -0.04, 95% CI -1.22 to 1.14, p = .95, I² = 0%]. Similarly, hair diameter showed no significant differences at the same time points [mean difference = 0.00, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.00, p = .98, I² = 38%].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of minoxidil and LLLT does not significantly improve outcomes compared to minoxidil alone for treating androgenic alopecia.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2447355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole L Edmonds, Courtney E Heron, Monica G Lawrence, Barrett Zlotoff
{"title":"Differences between allergy and dermatology in referral, evaluation, and management patterns for pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Nicole L Edmonds, Courtney E Heron, Monica G Lawrence, Barrett Zlotoff","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2515495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2515495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergists and dermatologists often take different approaches to caring for pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was performed on patients <18 years old treated for AD within the University of Virginia health system from 2015 to 2020. Data were collected on patient and referring provider demographics as well as initial visit evaluation and management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 269 patients presented to allergy, 685 patients presented to dermatology, and 14 patients presented to a combined allergy-dermatology clinic as an initial visit with a primary diagnosis of AD. Both specialties were most often referred to by a generalist though dermatology received more specialty provider referrals. In addition, allergy ordered more diagnostic testing (IgE, allergens, complete blood count), while dermatology prescribed more medications (topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, immunosuppressants). Patients seen in the combined dermatology-allergy clinic were more likely to receive diagnostic testing than patients seen in dermatology clinic and were more likely to be prescribed medications than patients seen in allergy clinic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest allergists may focus more on identifying triggers of AD, while dermatologists largely focus on the prescription of therapies. Clinical care may be more comprehensive when allergists and dermatologists work synergistically.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2515495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of quality of life and economic burden in patients with chronic urticaria: a comparative study of spontaneous and induced urticaria and its effects on cognition of biologics.","authors":"Shixi Ma, Zixuan Wang, Yaxin Zhang, Guan Jiang","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2506672","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2506672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare and analyze the quality of life, economic burden, and knowledge about biological agents between chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic induced urticaria (ClndU), and to provide a reference for clinical rational drug use and patient classification management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional multicenter study involved 386 chronic urticaria (CU) patients from three hospitals in various regions, seen between November 2024 and April 2025. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, Dermatological Quality of Life Index (DLQI), economic burden, and knowledge about biological agents were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>228 CSU patients and 158 CIndU patients. CSU patients had higher DLQI score than CIndU patients (<i>p</i> < .05). CU type, comorbidities, and urticaria control test score were identified as factors affecting the quality of life of CU patients. CSU patients had higher outpatient costs compared to CIndU patients (<i>p</i> < .05). CU type, insurance type, comorbidities, and disease duration were factors influencing outpatient costs. CSU patients exhibited better understanding of relapse and complete remission compared to CIndU patients (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Notable differences exist between CSU and CIndU patients in terms of quality of life, economic impact, and knowledge about biological agents. Therefore, it is necessary to categorize these patients to enhance their understanding and utilization of biological agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2506672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of upadacitinib in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: patient profiling, dose selection, and therapy modulation, what does real-life teach us?","authors":"Edoardo Mortato, Niccolò Gori, Giacomo Caldarola, Marina Talamonti, Claudia Paganini, Luisa Boeti, Filomena Russo, Teresa Grieco, Ersilia Tolino, Gaia Moretta, Flavia Pigliacelli, Rosa Coppola, Domenico Giordano, Camilla Chello, Concetta Potenza, Maria Concetta Fargnoli, Vincenzo Panasiti, Barbara Cocuroccia, Ketty Peris, Marco Galluzzo","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2509541","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2509541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This multicenter retrospective study assessed the real-world effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis across eight centers in central Italy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 150 patients received upadacitinib 15 mg or 30 mg daily as monotherapy. Clinical outcomes were evaluated up to 104 weeks using Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), itch and sleep numeric rating scale (NRS), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both dosages led to significant and sustained improvements in disease severity, pruritus, sleep disturbances, and quality of life, with 77.8% achieving EASI 75 and 39.2% achieving EASI 100 at week 16. Responses were similar between doses, although long-term itch control was better in the 30 mg group. Higher baseline EASI score was a positive predictor of response, while head and neck involvement and prior systemic treatments, particularly cyclosporine, were associated with poorer outcomes. The safety profile was consistent with prior reports, with acneiform eruption, elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and dyslipidemia being the most common adverse events. No reactivation of atopic keratoconjunctivitis was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the efficacy, safety, and flexibility of upadacitinib dosing in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2509541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy of skin flap transfer combined with negative pressure wound therapy in the management of complex pressure ulcers.","authors":"Jing Wen, Xinxin Hu","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2537752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2537752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate outcomes of adding skin-flap transfer to negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for complex pressure ulcers.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>Twenty-nine patients (Aug 2018-Sep 2022) were divided into control (debridement + NPWT, <i>n</i> = 14) and observation (same plus flap transfer, <i>n</i> = 15). One-year follow-up compared healing rates, healing time, postoperative stay, total stay, cost, Zarit caregiver burden, SF-36 quality of life, complications and recurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Healing rates, healing time, postoperative stay, complications and recurrence did not differ (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Observation group had shorter total stay, lower costs, reduced caregiver burden and better SF-36 scores (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Skin-flap transfer combined with NPWT safely treats complex pressure ulcers, improving quality of life, reducing caregiver load and overall costs without increasing complications or recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2537752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of CO<sub>2</sub> laser and thalidomide in cutaneous classic Kaposi's sarcoma.","authors":"Xianghui Li, Ramesh Sharma Poudel, Cunwei Cao, Gao Wei, Jingping Liu","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2539290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2539290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective and significance: </strong>This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a combined treatment approach using CO<sub>2</sub> laser therapy and oral Thalidomide for the management of skin lesions in patients with classic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational study at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, spanning from April 2021 to April 2023. The study focused on assessing the therapeutic outcomes in terms of macroscopic and microscopic changes in skin lesions before and after the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 10 patients with an average age of 62.8 years, who predominantly exhibited skin lesions on their lower limbs, with some involvement of the upper limbs. Throughout the 6-24 months follow-up period, patients were administered oral thalidomide at a dosage of 100 mg per day and underwent three CO<sub>2</sub> laser sessions on average. Post-treatment, complete resolution of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was observed in 9 out of 10 patients, with histopathology and dermoscopy showing no residual KS-related manifestations. Adverse reactions occurred in three patients (30%), including red marks, skin scars, and itching.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of CO<sub>2</sub> laser therapy with oral thalidomide offers a straightforward, efficacious, and safe treatment for cutaneous lesions in classic CKS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2539290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanling Qi, Ruie Wang, Saleh Mahmoud Saleh Khasawneh, Fangyuan Hui, Yan Liu
{"title":"Levels of several inflammatory cytokines in acne patients before and after isotretinoin therapy: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Wanling Qi, Ruie Wang, Saleh Mahmoud Saleh Khasawneh, Fangyuan Hui, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2540594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2540594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and the inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in its pathophysiology. At present, oral isotretinoin is considered as the most effective treatment for acne. However, its specific anti-inflammatory mechanisms are only partially understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research included 75 patients with acne severity levels II, III and IV together with 25 healthy participants in this prospective controlled clinical trial. Patients received 20 mg/day oral isotretinoin for eight weeks. The research team evaluated inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-8, IL-36, TNF-α, TSLP, and TWEAK) at the beginning and end of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of IL-8, IL-36, TNF-α, TSLP, and TWEAK were found to be significantly higher in acne patients as compared to controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). IL-8, IL-36, and TWEAK levels were found to be significantly decreased after 8 weeks of isotretinoin treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no correlation found between the severity of acne and inflammatory cytokine levels (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anti-inflammatory effects of isotretinoin in acne patients result from its ability to decrease serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-36, TNF-α, TSLP, and TWEAK).</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2540594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florence Vroman, Lisa P van der Rijst, Octavian I Bacoş-Cosma, Nicolaas P A Zuithoff, Marijke Kamsteeg, Paula P M van Lumig, Laura Loman, Marie-Louise L A Schuttelaar, Marjolein S de Bruin-Weller, Marlies de Graaf
{"title":"Upadacitinib in daily practice for refractory atopic dermatitis in adolescents: a case series of the BioDay registry.","authors":"Florence Vroman, Lisa P van der Rijst, Octavian I Bacoş-Cosma, Nicolaas P A Zuithoff, Marijke Kamsteeg, Paula P M van Lumig, Laura Loman, Marie-Louise L A Schuttelaar, Marjolein S de Bruin-Weller, Marlies de Graaf","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2539282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2539282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Upadacitinib is approved for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) aged ≥12 years. We evaluated upadacitinib's effectiveness and safety in AD adolescents in daily practice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen adolescent AD patients from the BioDay registry, treated with upadacitinib 15 mg once daily were evaluated at baseline and after 4, 8, 16, and 28 weeks. Effectiveness was assessed using Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score. Patient-reported outcomes included Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pruritus and presence of sleep disturbance. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated at each visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean EASI score significantly decreased from 13.4 (95% CI 8.5-18.3) to 7.8 (95% CI 2.4-13.3) after 28 weeks (<i>p</i> = .002). Mean NRS pruritus significantly decreased from 6.5 (95% CI 4.9-8.2) to 4.8 (95% CI 3.0-6.6) after 28 weeks (<i>p</i> = .003). At week 16, 75.0% (95% CI 46.8-91.1) achieved EASI ≤7, and 50.0% (95% CI 25.4-74.6) achieved NRS pruritus ≤4. Overall, 31 AEs were reported in 10 patients (66.7%). Five patients (33.3%) discontinued treatment: two due to ineffectiveness, two due to AEs, and one due to laboratory monitoring problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that upadacitinib is effective and relatively safe for adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD; however, 33.3% discontinued treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2539282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical observation of 10 cases of stable non-segmental vitiligo in adults treated with upadacitinib.","authors":"Mingzhu Yuan, Ruyi Li, Wen Zhang, Yi Sun","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2492879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2492879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in treating stable nonsegmental vitiligo in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from adult patients with stable nonsegmental vitiligo treated with upadacitinib at Jingzhou Hospital of Yangtze University between November 2023 and November 2024. Treatment efficacy was compared at 8 and 16 weeks and any adverse reactions were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 patients were included, 6 of whom also received 308 nm excimer laser therapy. A total of 200 lesions were observed, with 146 receiving additional laser therapy. After 8 weeks of treatment, 60.0% of lesions achieved at least 25% pigmentation, while 27.0% achieved more than 50% pigmentation. After 16 weeks, these rates increased to 78.0% and 52.5%, respectively. Treatment efficacy was greater at 16 weeks compared to 8 weeks (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Acral lesions showed lower response rates compared to lesions on the face, neck, trunk, and limbs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between upadacitinib monotherapy and combination therapy with phototherapy (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Among the 10 patients, 6 achieved over 50% improvement in total VASI score after 16 weeks, while 4 showed more than 75% improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Upadacitinib is safe and effective treatment for stable non-segmental vitiligo in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2492879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy analysis of blunt separation combined with uncrosslinked sodium hyaluronate compound solution injection for sunken upper eyelid treatment in Asians.","authors":"Qingmei Jin, Richeng Dong, Jiahui Zhi, Weilu Xu, Zhehu Jin, Chenglong Jin","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2497370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2497370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>Injectable fillers are a popular treatment for sunken upper eyelid (SUE) deformity, but their efficacy and duration are limited. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of blunt separation combined with an uncrosslinked sodium hyaluronate compound solution for treating SUE in Asians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven Chinese patients (22 women, five men) with SUE underwent blunt separation to loosen subcutaneous adhesions. After disrupting the dermal layer, an uncrosslinked sodium hyaluronate solution was injected to stimulate collagen regeneration. Symptom improvement, recurrence, safety, and patient satisfaction were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Park S grading scores significantly improved after-treatment, 6 months, and 1 year (<i>p</i> < 0.05) immediately. Patients experienced mild pain, erythema, and swelling. Four had post-treatment bruising, which resolved within 5-8 days. No other adverse events or recurrences were observed, and patient satisfaction was high.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This single-arm trial suggests that blunt separation with uncrosslinked sodium hyaluronate is a safe and effective SUE treatment with minimal side effects, the findings indicate potential for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2497370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}