Puerto Rico health sciences journal最新文献

Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in a Clinic Population from Puerto Rico. 波多黎各临床人群中视力损害和失明的原因。

IF 0.3

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-09-18

Neisha M Rodríguez-Ruiz, Marta N Rivera-Figueroa, Claudia Colón-Sanchez

{"title":"Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in a Clinic Population from Puerto Rico.","authors":"Neisha M Rodríguez-Ruiz, Marta N Rivera-Figueroa, Claudia Colón-Sanchez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to investigate the leading causes of visual impairment (VI) and blindness in a low vision clinic from Puerto Rico and to assess the distribution of low-vision devices and rehabilitation approaches prescribed to patients.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional health record study of patients evaluated at the Low Vision Clinic from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Optometry Eye Institute between 2007 and 2024 was performed. Subjects considered had a comprehensive visual examination followed by a low vision evaluation. Ocular history, causes of visual loss, best-corrected visual acuity, and non-conventional optical devices prescribed were recorded. VI and blindness were classified according to the United States' definitions.Results: A total of 270 records of subjects older than four years of age were included. The most prevalent causes of VI and blindness were retinal dystrophy (14.8%), diabetic retinopathy (13.7%), and albinism (13.0%). The most common causes of VI by age group were albinism in the pediatric group (42.2%), retinal dystrophy in adults (24.0%), and cataracts (25.8) in the geriatric population. The predominant VI classification was moderate VI for 37.0%. The closed caption television system was the most common low-vision device prescribed to subjects (19.3%).Conclusion: This study provided insights into the causes of VI and blindness in Puerto Rico. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and public health initiatives to improve accessibility to visual rehabilitation. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors influencing access to care and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions addressing VI in Puerto Rico.","PeriodicalId":94183,"journal":{"name":"Puerto Rico health sciences journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional Status of Puerto Rican Families in 1966 - What can be learned from Retrospective Surveys? 1966年波多黎各家庭的营养状况-从回顾性调查中可以了解到什么？

IF 0.3

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-09-18

Alan M Preston

{"title":"Nutritional Status of Puerto Rican Families in 1966 - What can be learned from Retrospective Surveys?","authors":"Alan M Preston","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Previous nutritional surveys have been conducted with Puerto Rican families, but extensive analyses of dietary results have been lacking due to databases with insufficient nutrient composition information. Herein, we determine the nutritional status of Puerto Rican families from the results of a survey conducted in 1966 using the Minnesota's Nutritional Data System for Research 2020 from which we report macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, with the results being evaluated for compliance with current dietary recommendations. These data establish eating patterns that could have significance in trends for future nutrition. The survey population totaled 877 families, divided into rural (R) and urban (U) households. Main findings were that total energy intake was 2076 kcal/day in R and 2419 kcal/day in U households. Total fat, especially saturated fat and cholesterol, exceeded recommendations, while total carbohydrates fell below the recommended amounts. Total sugars and the glycemic load were above guideline levels. Total protein was satisfactory, as was total fiber. Water-soluble vitamins reached recommended levels, but fat-soluble vitamins were below recommendations. The amounts of most minerals were sufficient, with the exception of calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium, which were low. Sodium was above the recommended levels. We conclude that Puerto Rican families of the mid- 1960s made some beneficial dietary choices but too much fat, especially saturated fat, even more so in U households, resulted in a disproportion of several nutrients having the outcome of an eating pattern that, as expressed by the original authors,\"if continued could lead to even greater nutritional imbalances.\"","PeriodicalId":94183,"journal":{"name":"Puerto Rico health sciences journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Healthy Eating Indices of Puerto Rican Families, 1961 to 1966: A Retrospective Study, Calculated using Data from Previous Nutritional Surveys. 波多黎各家庭健康饮食指数，1961年至1966年：一项回顾性研究，使用以前营养调查的数据计算。

IF 0.3

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-09-18

Alan M Preston

{"title":"The Healthy Eating Indices of Puerto Rican Families, 1961 to 1966: A Retrospective Study, Calculated using Data from Previous Nutritional Surveys.","authors":"Alan M Preston","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The 1960's were a transitional period in Puerto Rico. Advances in the betterment of the human condition was measurable, especially in highly populated areas but less so in isolated communities. To obtain a more exact picture of conditions in these communities, a committee was established to conduct surveys that would give information on the standard of living with special emphasis on nutrition. Families from barrios in 8 isolated municipalities were selected by random sampling and questioned about their economic situation, home conditions, general health and food consumption. Next, an island-wide survey asked the same questions, but sampling was conducted using a stratified Master Sample so that findings would apply to the population as a whole. This article incorporates combined results from these nine surveys. The Healthy Eating Indices (HEIs) for the isolated municipalities and for the Master Sample averaged 58 and 66, respectively. Both are classified as \"Needs Attention\" however, caloric intake in the isolated areas was only about three fourths that of the Master Sample and more than one third of these calories came from lard and sugar. Overall, of the 13 components of the HEI, 4 obtained \"satisfactory\" scores while 4 were scored as \"deficient.\" These scores, although still needing improvement, show a greater compliance with recommendations of the HEI than those found in the 2015 US population where overall score was 57 with only 2 components having a \"satisfactory\" score while 4 components were also being classified as \"deficient.\"","PeriodicalId":94183,"journal":{"name":"Puerto Rico health sciences journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Self-Medication in Students from 21 to 42 Years of Age from a University in Southern Puerto Rico. 波多黎各南部一所大学21至42岁学生自我药疗的流行情况

IF 0.3

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-09-18

Leyshamary Castro-Cruz, Lillybeth Godén-Montalvo, Kiara L Ortiz-Muñoz, Angélica Torrado-García, Ángel Vega-Rodríguez, Grace M Ventura-Reyes, Yaritza Díaz-Algorri, Alexis Vera

{"title":"Prevalence of Self-Medication in Students from 21 to 42 Years of Age from a University in Southern Puerto Rico.","authors":"Leyshamary Castro-Cruz, Lillybeth Godén-Montalvo, Kiara L Ortiz-Muñoz, Angélica Torrado-García, Ángel Vega-Rodríguez, Grace M Ventura-Reyes, Yaritza Díaz-Algorri, Alexis Vera","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to examine self-medication among university students by estimating its prevalence, identifying associated risk factors, and assessing its impact on health.Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed with a study population of students aged 21 to 42 years from a university in southern Puerto Rico. A sample size calculation using Epi Info yielded 269 participants, based on an estimated 70.1% prevalence of self-medication, a 95% confidence level, and a 5% error rate. Data collection involved distributing a culturally tailored survey via email, and in-person recruitment. The survey covered demographic information, self-medication frequency, medication types, and related factors.Results: The analysis of the data revealed a high prevalence of self-medication (95.60%) among surveyed students, predominantly with analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen) and anti-inflammatories. Notably, the use of antibiotics and antidepressants, both requiring prescriptions, was also reported. A significant proportion of the surveyed participants practiced frequent self-medication (34.87%), considering medication dosage (92.58%), potential interactions (70.31%), and adverse effects (70.93%). However, 14.79% were unaware that associated risks might exist.Conclusion: This study provides insights into the prevalence of self-medication (95.60%) among a population of university students in southern Puerto Rico, as well as the motivations for this behavior and the associated risks. Its findings contribute to understanding self-medication patterns and suggest areas for intervention and education to promote responsible self-care practices.","PeriodicalId":94183,"journal":{"name":"Puerto Rico health sciences journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Here the Refrigerator is Empty': Food Insecurity among Puerto Rican Elders. “这里的冰箱是空的”：波多黎各老年人的粮食不安全。

IF 0.3

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-09-18

Carmen M Pérez-Velázquez, Sheilla L Rodríguez-Madera, Carmen D Sánchez-Salgado, Olga I Bernardy-Aponte, Edward A Frongillo

{"title":"'Here the Refrigerator is Empty': Food Insecurity among Puerto Rican Elders.","authors":"Carmen M Pérez-Velázquez, Sheilla L Rodríguez-Madera, Carmen D Sánchez-Salgado, Olga I Bernardy-Aponte, Edward A Frongillo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The authors documented, described, and explained the food insecurity experiences of Puerto Rican elders, particularly how they perceive and give meaning to this phenomenon.Methods: The food insecurity experiences of 50 Puerto Rican elders (≥65 years) were collected using a mixed-methods approach. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, and quantitative data were obtained from a 22-item questionnaire. The data were integrated with a convergent design.Results: 92% of the participants were food insecure. Puerto Rican elders' food insecurity experiences have four components (quantity, quality, social, and psychological) and a common pattern of fourteen manifestations.Conclusion: Food insecurity in Puerto Rican elders has causes that go beyond the economic access to food. Addressing food insecurity should be a priority of integrated national food and nutrition policies to reduce the nutritional health inequities among this population. This study presents the first in-depth examination of food insecurity among Puerto Rican elders residing in Puerto Rico, focusing on their cultural interpretations of the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":94183,"journal":{"name":"Puerto Rico health sciences journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"150-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Connecting Innovation and Trust through Translational Sciences - A Need for a Community Focus and Effective Education Strategiess. 通过转化科学连接创新和信任——社区关注和有效教育战略的需要。

IF 0.3

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-09-18

Filipa Godoy-Vitorino, Michelle Borrero, Josué Pérez-Santiago, Rubén García-García, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano

引用次数: 0

Associated Injuries in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. 外伤性脊髓损伤患者的相关损伤。

IF 0.3

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-09-18

Manuel F Mas, José Quintana, Anna Blanco, Javier Deya, Natasha L Frontera, Marcos R Latimer, Félix Pérez, José G Conde, Walter R Frontera

{"title":"Associated Injuries in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Manuel F Mas, José Quintana, Anna Blanco, Javier Deya, Natasha L Frontera, Marcos R Latimer, Félix Pérez, José G Conde, Walter R Frontera","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This cross-sectional study assessed the type and frequency of injuries associated with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI).Methods: The NTRACS Hospital Trauma Registry database of the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital was reviewed for the medical records of all admissions with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes S12-S14, S22-S24, and S32-S34 for the years 2019 through 2022. The injury characteristics recorded included neurological level, mechanism, severity score, hospital length of stay, and associated injuries.Results: The median number of associated injuries per TSCI patient was 5, and 136 TSCI patients (93.8%) had more than 1 injury. Common injury diagnostic code groups included fractures of the ribs, sternum, and thoracic spine; injuries to intrathoracic organs; fractures of the cervical vertebra and neck; and fractures of the lumbar spine and pelvis. Notably, 88.3% of the TSCI patients had at least 1 injury that could complicate rehabilitation, with one-third having upper extremity fractures and 1 in 5 having a concurrent traumatic brain injury. There was a weak positive correlation between length of stay and the number of associated injuries, as well as with the injury severity score.Conclusion: These findings indicate that associated injuries are prevalent in TSCI patients, potentially complicating acute care and patient outcomes. A consensus definition of associated injuries in TSCI- particularly those that can complicate rehabilitation-is needed.","PeriodicalId":94183,"journal":{"name":"Puerto Rico health sciences journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disparities in Opioid Distribution in Puerto Rico and the Continental United States (2018-2023). 波多黎各和美国大陆阿片类药物分布差异（2018-2023）。

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-06-01

Lara A Costello, Lauren C Rowe, Stephanie C Forbes, Brian J Piper

{"title":"Disparities in Opioid Distribution in Puerto Rico and the Continental United States (2018-2023).","authors":"Lara A Costello, Lauren C Rowe, Stephanie C Forbes, Brian J Piper","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the distribution patterns of fentanyl, morphine, meperidine, and codeine in the continental US compared to Puerto Rico from 2018-2023. Attention was given to meperidine due to its extensive adverse effect profile and irreversible central nervous system toxicity.Methods: Data was collected from Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders Systems (ARCOS). The dataset included annual distribution data for meperidine, fentanyl, morphine, and codeine in the US and Puerto Rico. Population data was collected from US Census data and the American Community Survey. Data analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel Version 2410. For each opioid, the mean distribution and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for the continental US. The mean distribution in Puerto Rico was compared to the US mean distribution with a 95% confidence interval. ANOVA tests were performed to assess differences in distribution of each opioid across years (2018, 2020, and 2022) within the continental US. All descriptive statistics and ANOVA calculations were conducted with statistical significance determined at p < 0.05.Results: From 2018 to 2023, meperidine distribution declined in both regions but decreased more sharply in the continental US (82.6%) compared to Puerto Rico (43.5%). Distribution levels exceeded six standard deviations above the US mean in 2023. Fentanyl and morphine distributions were consistently lower in Puerto Rico than in the continental US.Conclusion: There was a disproportionately high distribution of meperidine in Puerto Rico compared to the continental US across the years studied.","PeriodicalId":94183,"journal":{"name":"Puerto Rico health sciences journal","volume":"44 2","pages":"84-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Unusual Presentation of a Left Anterior Descending Artery Obstruction, A Deadly Disease. 左前降支梗阻的罕见表现，一种致命疾病。

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-06-01

Osvaldo E Duran-Melendez, Frank Zorrilla-Caballero, Juan Gonzalez-Sanchez

引用次数: 0

Maxillary Canine Impaction in Subjects Aged 14 Years and Older: A Cross-Sectional Study. 14岁及以上上颌犬牙嵌塞：一项横断面研究。

Puerto Rico health sciences journal Pub Date : 2025-06-01

Antonia Alfonso-Pagán, Sona Rivas-Tumanyan, Francis Picón, Jose A Morales-Diaz

{"title":"Maxillary Canine Impaction in Subjects Aged 14 Years and Older: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Antonia Alfonso-Pagán, Sona Rivas-Tumanyan, Francis Picón, Jose A Morales-Diaz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in patients seeking treatment from 2016 2020 at the University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine Orthodontic Graduate Program and compare it to the prevalence of published reports. Additionally, we sought to describe the clinical pattern of impaction using initial photographs and panoramic radiographs.Materials and methods: Data were extracted from the dental records aged 14 years and older who had sought orthodontic treatment in 2016 2020. A calibrated examiner conducted all the dental measurements using 2D images from the initial records. Descriptive statistics included means (standard deviations), medians (interquartile range), and frequencies. A one-sample binomial test was used to compare the prevalence found to those of published reports. A chi-square, Fisher's exact, and the Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare patients with and without impaction. We used logistic regression to evaluate the associations between tooth-level risk factors and impaction, accounting for clustering and adjusting for age and sex.Results: The study included 217 patients (mean age: 21.38 ± 9.16 years; 58.5% were female). The prevalence of maxillary canine impaction was 7.83%. The odds of impaction were higher if the deciduous canine was present (OR = 67.59; 95% CI: 18.61-245.40) or if the canine overlapped the lateral incisor root (OR = 155.92; 95% CI: 36.32-669.29).Conclusion: The overall prevalence of maxillary canine impaction was high, although parallel to that reported in a Mexican population; site-level risk factors (deciduous canine presence, overlap) were identified.","PeriodicalId":94183,"journal":{"name":"Puerto Rico health sciences journal","volume":"44 2","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0